mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

NeRO: Neural Geometry and BRDF Reconstruction of Reflective Objects from Multiview Images

arXiv 2305.17398 ↗First posted 27 May 2023cs.CV cs.GRcited by 163

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present a neural rendering-based method called NeRO for reconstructing the geometry and the BRDF of reflective objects from multiview images captured in an unknown environment. Multiview reconstruction of reflective objects is extremely challenging because specular reflections are view-dependent and thus violate the multiview consistency, which is the cornerstone for most multiview reconstruction methods. Recent neural rendering techniques can model the interaction between environment lights and the object surfaces to fit the view-dependent reflections, thus making it possible to reconstruct reflective objects from multiview images. However, accurately modeling environment lights in the neural rendering is intractable, especially when the geometry is unknown. Most existing neural rendering methods, which can model environment lights, only consider direct lights and rely on object masks to reconstruct objects with weak specular reflections. Therefore, these methods fail to reconstruct reflective objects, especially when the object mask is not available and the object is illuminated by indirect lights. We propose a two-step approach to tackle this problem. First, by applying the split-sum approximation and the integrated directional encoding to approximate the shading effects of both direct and indirect lights, we are able to accurately reconstruct the geometry of reflective objects without any object masks. Then, with the object geometry fixed, we use more accurate sampling to recover the environment lights and the BRDF of the object. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method is capable of accurately reconstructing the geometry and the BRDF of reflective objects from only posed RGB images without knowing the environment lights and the object masks. Codes and datasets are available at https://github.com/liuyuan-pal/NeRO.

Key facts. Cited by 163 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 77 of its 129 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 May 2023.

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77 of 129 references.

References · 77

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38 more
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50 most cited of 77 All 77 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 23; 2024: 61; 2025: 45; 2026: 34.

163 papers.

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  1. 2023Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 759
  2. 2023Relightable 3D Gaussians: Realistic Point Cloud Relighting with BRDF Decomposition and Ray Tracingcited by 142
  3. 2024GaussianFlow: Splatting Gaussian Dynamics for 4D Content Creationcited by 100
  4. 2023GIR: 3D Gaussian Inverse Rendering for Relightable Scene Factorizationcited by 87
  5. 20243DGSR: Implicit Surface Reconstruction with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 79
  6. 2024Spec-Gaussian: Anisotropic View-Dependent Appearance for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 74
  7. 2024IntrinsicAnything: Learning Diffusion Priors for Inverse Rendering Under Unknown Illuminationcited by 67
  8. 20243D Gaussian Splatting with Deferred Reflectioncited by 63
  9. 2024DreamMat: High-quality PBR Material Generation with Geometry- and Light-aware Diffusion Modelscited by 50
  10. 2024DeferredGS: Decoupled and Editable Gaussian Splatting with Deferred Shadingcited by 41
  11. 2024Gaussian Splashing: Unified Particles for Versatile Motion Synthesis and Renderingcited by 37
  12. 2024A Diffusion Approach to Radiance Field Relighting using Multi-Illumination Synthesiscited by 37
38 more
  1. 2024DifFRelight: Diffusion-Based Facial Performance Relightingcited by 35
  2. 2024EnvGS: Modeling View-Dependent Appearance with Environment Gaussiancited by 35
  3. 2023SpecNeRF: Gaussian Directional Encoding for Specular Reflectionscited by 30
  4. 2023UniSDF: Unifying Neural Representations for High-Fidelity 3D Reconstruction of Complex Scenes with Reflectionscited by 30
  5. 2023Gaussian Splatting with NeRF-based Color and Opacitycited by 30
  6. 2024Ref-GS: Directional Factorization for 2D Gaussian Splattingcited by 29
  7. 2023NeISF: Neural Incident Stokes Field for Geometry and Material Estimationcited by 25
  8. 2024SpectroMotion: Dynamic 3D Reconstruction of Specular Scenescited by 24
  9. 2025MaterialRefGS: Reflective Gaussian Splatting with Multi-view Consistent Material Inferencecited by 23
  10. 2024NeRSP: Neural 3D Reconstruction for Reflective Objects with Sparse Polarized Imagescited by 22
  11. 2024GeoSplatting: Towards Geometry Guided Gaussian Splatting for Physically-based Inverse Renderingcited by 22
  12. 2024MirrorGaussian: Reflecting 3D Gaussians for Reconstructing Mirror Reflectionscited by 21
  13. 2024MVGS: Multi-view Regulated Gaussian Splatting for Novel View Synthesiscited by 20
  14. 2023SIRe-IR: Inverse Rendering for BRDF Reconstruction with Shadow and Illumination Removal in High-Illuminance Scenescited by 19
  15. 2024Objects With Lighting: A Real-World Dataset for Evaluating Reconstruction and Rendering for Object Relightingcited by 18
  16. 2024Learning-based Multi-View Stereo: A Surveycited by 18
  17. 2023NeRRF: 3D Reconstruction and View Synthesis for Transparent and Specular Objects with Neural Refractive-Reflective Fieldscited by 16
  18. 2024Inverse Rendering of Glossy Objects via the Neural Plenoptic Function and Radiance Fieldscited by 16
  19. 2024Neural Directional Encoding for Efficient and Accurate View-Dependent Appearance Modelingcited by 16
  20. 2024RNG: Relightable Neural Gaussianscited by 16
  21. 2025TransparentGS: Fast Inverse Rendering of Transparent Objects with Gaussianscited by 16
  22. 2023Factored-NeuS: Reconstructing Surfaces, Illumination, and Materials of Possibly Glossy Objectscited by 15
  23. 2024PISR: Polarimetric Neural Implicit Surface Reconstruction for Textureless and Specular Objectscited by 15
  24. 2024Uni-Renderer: Unifying Rendering and Inverse Rendering Via Dual Stream Diffusioncited by 15
  25. 2024ReCap: Better Gaussian Relighting with Cross-Environment Capturescited by 14
  26. 2024GlossyGS: Inverse Rendering of Glossy Objects with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 13
  27. 2024Geometry Field Splatting with Gaussian Surfelscited by 13
  28. 2024PBR-NeRF: Inverse Rendering with Physics-Based Neural Fieldscited by 13
  29. 2024Generative Multiview Relighting for 3D Reconstruction under Extreme Illumination Variationcited by 13
  30. 2025Gaussian Splatting with Discretized SDF for Relightable Assetscited by 13
  31. 2024Snap-it, Tap-it, Splat-it: Tactile-Informed 3D Gaussian Splatting for Reconstructing Challenging Surfacescited by 12
  32. 2024Surfel-based Gaussian Inverse Rendering for Fast and Relightable Dynamic Human Reconstruction from Monocular Videocited by 12
  33. 2024Flash Cache: Reducing Bias in Radiance Cache Based Inverse Renderingcited by 12
  34. 2023Diffusion Reflectance Map: Single-Image Stochastic Inverse Rendering of Illumination and Reflectancecited by 11
  35. 2023Relightable Neural Actor with Intrinsic Decomposition and Pose Controlcited by 11
  36. 2024GS-ROR2: Bidirectional-guided 3DGS and SDF for Reflective Object Relighting and Reconstructioncited by 11
  37. 2024GUS-IR: Gaussian Splatting with Unified Shading for Inverse Renderingcited by 11
  38. 2025GS-2DGS: Geometrically Supervised 2DGS for Reflective Object Reconstructioncited by 11

50 most cited of 163 All 163 (JSON)