MirrorGaussian: Reflecting 3D Gaussians for Reconstructing Mirror Reflections
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Abstract (arXiv)
3D Gaussian Splatting showcases notable advancements in photo-realistic and real-time novel view synthesis. However, it faces challenges in modeling mirror reflections, which exhibit substantial appearance variations from different viewpoints. To tackle this problem, we present MirrorGaussian, the first method for mirror scene reconstruction with real-time rendering based on 3D Gaussian Splatting. The key insight is grounded on the mirror symmetry between the real-world space and the virtual mirror space. We introduce an intuitive dual-rendering strategy that enables differentiable rasterization of both the real-world 3D Gaussians and the mirrored counterpart obtained by reflecting the former about the mirror plane. All 3D Gaussians are jointly optimized with the mirror plane in an end-to-end framework. MirrorGaussian achieves high-quality and real-time rendering in scenes with mirrors, empowering scene editing like adding new mirrors and objects. Comprehensive experiments on multiple datasets demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms existing methods, achieving state-of-the-art results. Project page: https://mirror-gaussian.github.io/.
Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 May 2024.
Builds on
39 of 46 references.
References · 39
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
- 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
- 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,701
- 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,607
- 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,275
- 2023Scaffold-GS: Structured 3D Gaussians for View-Adaptive Renderingcited by 684
- 2021KiloNeRF: Speeding up Neural Radiance Fields with Thousands of Tiny MLPscited by 672
- 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 661
- 2021Ref-NeRF: Structured View-Dependent Appearance for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 569
- 2020NeRV: Neural Reflectance and Visibility Fields for Relighting and View Synthesiscited by 493
27 more
- 2021Baking Neural Radiance Fields for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 465
- 2018DeepVoxels: Learning Persistent 3D Feature Embeddingscited by 401
- 2023Gaussian Grouping: Segment and Edit Anything in 3D Scenescited by 387
- 2019SynSin: End-to-end View Synthesis from a Single Imagecited by 364
- 2022MobileNeRF: Exploiting the Polygon Rasterization Pipeline for Efficient Neural Field Rendering on Mobile Architecturescited by 308
- 2023Generative Novel View Synthesis with 3D-Aware Diffusion Modelscited by 273
- 2023GaussianShader: 3D Gaussian Splatting with Shading Functions for Reflective Surfacescited by 249
- 2023GS-IR: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Inverse Renderingcited by 220
- 2023MERF: Memory-Efficient Radiance Fields for Real-time View Synthesis in Unbounded Scenescited by 215
- 2024VastGaussian: Vast 3D Gaussians for Large Scene Reconstructioncited by 209
- 20203D Photography using Context-aware Layered Depth Inpaintingcited by 206
- 2021Point-Based Neural Rendering with Per-View Optimizationcited by 188
- 2023NeRO: Neural Geometry and BRDF Reconstruction of Reflective Objects from Multiview Imagescited by 163
- 2023Segment Any 3D Gaussianscited by 158
- 2023Multi-Scale 3D Gaussian Splatting for Anti-Aliased Renderingcited by 137
- 2021NeRFReN: Neural Radiance Fields with Reflectionscited by 121
- 2022NeILF: Neural Incident Light Field for Physically-based Material Estimationcited by 105
- 2023GIR: 3D Gaussian Inverse Rendering for Relightable Scene Factorizationcited by 86
- 2023Neural Point Catacaustics for Novel-View Synthesis of Reflectionscited by 81
- 2024Spec-Gaussian: Anisotropic View-Dependent Appearance for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 73
- 2024Deblurring 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 66
- 2022Real-Time Neural Light Field on Mobile Devicescited by 48
- 2024TRIPS: Trilinear Point Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 33
- 2023UniSDF: Unifying Neural Representations for High-Fidelity 3D Reconstruction of Complex Scenes with Reflectionscited by 29
- 2023Mirror-NeRF: Learning Neural Radiance Fields for Mirrors with Whitted-Style Ray Tracingcited by 22
- 2023VET: Visual Error Tomography for Point Cloud Completion and High-Quality Neural Renderingcited by 14
- 2023TraM-NeRF: Tracing Mirror and Near-Perfect Specular Reflections through Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 7
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 9; 2026: 7.
21 papers.
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- 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 77
- 2024Reflecting Reality: Enabling Diffusion Models to Produce Faithful Mirror Reflectionscited by 16
- 2025OccluGaussian: Occlusion-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Large Scene Reconstruction and Renderingcited by 10
- 2025Digital Twin Generation from Visual Data: A Surveycited by 7
- 2024MinD-3D++: Advancing fMRI-Based 3D Reconstruction with High-Quality Textured Mesh Generation and a Comprehensive Datasetcited by 6
- 2025Reflections Unlock: Geometry-Aware Reflection Disentanglement in 3D Gaussian Splatting for Photorealistic Scenes Renderingcited by 4
- 2024RefGaussian: Disentangling Reflections from 3D Gaussian Splatting for Realistic Renderingcited by 3
- 2024Gaussian Splatting in Mirrors: Reflection-Aware Rendering via Virtual Camera Optimizationcited by 2
- 2025NeRFs are Mirror Detectors: Using Structural Similarity for Multi-View Mirror Scene Reconstruction with 3D Surface Primitivescited by 2
- 2025Real-time Global Illumination for Dynamic 3D Gaussian Scenescited by 2
- 2025Reflect3r: Single-View 3D Stereo Reconstruction Aided by Mirror Reflectionscited by 2
- 2025Perceptual Quality Assessment of 3D Gaussian Splatting: A Subjective Dataset and Prediction Metriccited by 2
9 more
- 2025Structure from Collisioncited by 1
- 2025TR-Gaussians: High-fidelity Real-time Rendering of Planar Transmission and Reflection with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
- 2026ViewSplat: View-Adaptive 3D Gaussian Splatting for Feed-Forward Synthesiscited by 1
- 2026Practical High-Fidelity Novel-View Synthesis of Mounted Lepidopteracited by 0
- 2026PhysMirror: Physics-Aware Mirror Object Generationcited by 0
- 2026Fill My Mirror: Geometry-Constrained Mirror Inpaintingcited by 0
- 2026Reflection-aware Generative Novel View Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026PhysReflect: Geometry and Perception Guided Diffusion for Physically-Plausible Mirror Reflectionscited by 0
- 2026AESplat: Advancing Pose-Free Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting via Decoupled Appearance Modelingcited by 0
- 2026AESplat: Advancing Pose-Free Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting via Decoupled Appearance Modeling29 Sep 2026
- 2026PhysReflect: Geometry and Perception Guided Diffusion for Physically-Plausible Mirror Reflections20 Sep 2026
- 2026Reflection-aware Generative Novel View Synthesis4 Sep 2026
- 2026Fill My Mirror: Geometry-Constrained Mirror Inpainting3 Sep 2026
- 2026PhysMirror: Physics-Aware Mirror Object Generation3 Jul 2026
- 2026Practical High-Fidelity Novel-View Synthesis of Mounted Lepidoptera30 Jun 2026
- 2026ViewSplat: View-Adaptive 3D Gaussian Splatting for Feed-Forward Synthesis26 Mar 2026
- 2025TR-Gaussians: High-fidelity Real-time Rendering of Planar Transmission and Reflection with 3D Gaussian Splatting17 Nov 2025
- 2025Perceptual Quality Assessment of 3D Gaussian Splatting: A Subjective Dataset and Prediction Metric11 Nov 2025
- 2025Reflect3r: Single-View 3D Stereo Reconstruction Aided by Mirror Reflections24 Sep 2025
- 2025Reflections Unlock: Geometry-Aware Reflection Disentanglement in 3D Gaussian Splatting for Photorealistic Scenes Rendering8 Jul 2025
- 2025Structure from Collision27 May 2025
9 more
- 2025Digital Twin Generation from Visual Data: A Survey17 Apr 2025
- 2025Real-time Global Illumination for Dynamic 3D Gaussian Scenes23 Mar 2025
- 2025OccluGaussian: Occlusion-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Large Scene Reconstruction and Rendering20 Mar 2025
- 2025NeRFs are Mirror Detectors: Using Structural Similarity for Multi-View Mirror Scene Reconstruction with 3D Surface Primitives7 Jan 2025
- 2024Gaussian Splatting in Mirrors: Reflection-Aware Rendering via Virtual Camera Optimization2 Oct 2024
- 2024Reflecting Reality: Enabling Diffusion Models to Produce Faithful Mirror Reflections23 Sep 2024
- 2024MinD-3D++: Advancing fMRI-Based 3D Reconstruction with High-Quality Textured Mesh Generation and a Comprehensive Dataset17 Sep 2024
- 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities24 Jul 2024
- 2024RefGaussian: Disentangling Reflections from 3D Gaussian Splatting for Realistic Rendering9 Jun 2024
- 2024Reflecting Reality: Enabling Diffusion Models to Produce Faithful Mirror Reflectionscited by 16
- 2026PhysMirror: Physics-Aware Mirror Object Generationcited by 0
- 2026Reflection-aware Generative Novel View Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026PhysReflect: Geometry and Perception Guided Diffusion for Physically-Plausible Mirror Reflectionscited by 0
- 2026PhysReflect: Geometry and Perception Guided Diffusion for Physically-Plausible Mirror Reflections20 Sep 2026
- 2026Reflection-aware Generative Novel View Synthesis4 Sep 2026
- 2026PhysMirror: Physics-Aware Mirror Object Generation3 Jul 2026
- 2024Reflecting Reality: Enabling Diffusion Models to Produce Faithful Mirror Reflections23 Sep 2024
- 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 77
- 2025OccluGaussian: Occlusion-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Large Scene Reconstruction and Renderingcited by 10
- 2025Digital Twin Generation from Visual Data: A Surveycited by 7
- 2024MinD-3D++: Advancing fMRI-Based 3D Reconstruction with High-Quality Textured Mesh Generation and a Comprehensive Datasetcited by 6
- 2025Reflections Unlock: Geometry-Aware Reflection Disentanglement in 3D Gaussian Splatting for Photorealistic Scenes Renderingcited by 4
- 2024RefGaussian: Disentangling Reflections from 3D Gaussian Splatting for Realistic Renderingcited by 3
- 2024Gaussian Splatting in Mirrors: Reflection-Aware Rendering via Virtual Camera Optimizationcited by 2
- 2025NeRFs are Mirror Detectors: Using Structural Similarity for Multi-View Mirror Scene Reconstruction with 3D Surface Primitivescited by 2
- 2025Real-time Global Illumination for Dynamic 3D Gaussian Scenescited by 2
- 2025Reflect3r: Single-View 3D Stereo Reconstruction Aided by Mirror Reflectionscited by 2
- 2025Perceptual Quality Assessment of 3D Gaussian Splatting: A Subjective Dataset and Prediction Metriccited by 2
- 2025Structure from Collisioncited by 1
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026AESplat: Advancing Pose-Free Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting via Decoupled Appearance Modeling29 Sep 2026
- 2026Fill My Mirror: Geometry-Constrained Mirror Inpainting3 Sep 2026
- 2026Practical High-Fidelity Novel-View Synthesis of Mounted Lepidoptera30 Jun 2026
- 2026ViewSplat: View-Adaptive 3D Gaussian Splatting for Feed-Forward Synthesis26 Mar 2026
- 2025TR-Gaussians: High-fidelity Real-time Rendering of Planar Transmission and Reflection with 3D Gaussian Splatting17 Nov 2025
- 2025Perceptual Quality Assessment of 3D Gaussian Splatting: A Subjective Dataset and Prediction Metric11 Nov 2025
- 2025Reflect3r: Single-View 3D Stereo Reconstruction Aided by Mirror Reflections24 Sep 2025
- 2025Reflections Unlock: Geometry-Aware Reflection Disentanglement in 3D Gaussian Splatting for Photorealistic Scenes Rendering8 Jul 2025
- 2025Structure from Collision27 May 2025
- 2025Digital Twin Generation from Visual Data: A Survey17 Apr 2025
- 2025Real-time Global Illumination for Dynamic 3D Gaussian Scenes23 Mar 2025
- 2025OccluGaussian: Occlusion-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Large Scene Reconstruction and Rendering20 Mar 2025
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)