Modeling Indirect Illumination for Inverse Rendering
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in implicit neural representations and differentiable rendering make it possible to simultaneously recover the geometry and materials of an object from multi-view RGB images captured under unknown static illumination. Despite the promising results achieved, indirect illumination is rarely modeled in previous methods, as it requires expensive recursive path tracing which makes the inverse rendering computationally intractable. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to efficiently recovering spatially-varying indirect illumination. The key insight is that indirect illumination can be conveniently derived from the neural radiance field learned from input images instead of being estimated jointly with direct illumination and materials. By properly modeling the indirect illumination and visibility of direct illumination, interreflection- and shadow-free albedo can be recovered. The experiments on both synthetic and real data demonstrate the superior performance of our approach compared to previous work and its capability to synthesize realistic renderings under novel viewpoints and illumination. Our code and data are available at https://zju3dv.github.io/invrender/.
Key facts. Cited by 167 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Apr 2022.
Builds on
15 of 31 references.
References · 15
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
- 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,701
- 2020NeRV: Neural Reflectance and Visibility Fields for Relighting and View Synthesiscited by 493
- 2020NeRD: Neural Reflectance Decomposition from Image Collectionscited by 446
- 2021PhySG: Inverse Rendering with Spherical Gaussians for Physics-based Material Editing and Relightingcited by 332
- 2019Inverse Rendering for Complex Indoor Scenes: Shape, Spatially-Varying Lighting and SVBRDF from a Single Imagecited by 202
- 2020Neural Reflectance Fields for Appearance Acquisitioncited by 196
- 2019Neural Inverse Rendering of an Indoor Scene from a Single Imagecited by 101
- 2018InverseRenderNet: Learning single image inverse renderingcited by 100
- 2020Deep Reflectance Volumes: Relightable Reconstructions from Multi-View Photometric Imagescited by 98
- 2020Neural Light Transport for Relighting and View Synthesiscited by 73
3 more
- 2020Deep 3D Capture: Geometry and Reflectance from Sparse Multi-View Imagescited by 65
- 2021Shape and Material Capture at Homecited by 36
- 2020Object-based Illumination Estimation with Rendering-aware Neural Networkscited by 19
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 10; 2023: 50; 2024: 59; 2025: 29; 2026: 19.
167 papers.
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- 2023GS-IR: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Inverse Renderingcited by 220
- 2023TensoIR: Tensorial Inverse Renderingcited by 166
- 2022Shape, Light, and Material Decomposition from Images using Monte Carlo Rendering and Denoisingcited by 163
- 2023NeRO: Neural Geometry and BRDF Reconstruction of Reflective Objects from Multiview Imagescited by 163
- 2024High-quality Surface Reconstruction using Gaussian Surfelscited by 159
- 2023Relightable 3D Gaussians: Realistic Point Cloud Relighting with BRDF Decomposition and Ray Tracingcited by 138
- 2024Neural Gaffer: Relighting Any Object via Diffusioncited by 91
- 2023Neural Fields meet Explicit Geometric Representation for Inverse Rendering of Urban Scenescited by 89
- 2023GIR: 3D Gaussian Inverse Rendering for Relightable Scene Factorizationcited by 86
- 2024IntrinsicAnything: Learning Diffusion Priors for Inverse Rendering Under Unknown Illuminationcited by 67
- 2023ENVIDR: Implicit Differentiable Renderer with Neural Environment Lightingcited by 63
- 2024Advances in 3D Generation: A Surveycited by 62
38 more
- 20243D Gaussian Splatting with Deferred Reflectioncited by 61
- 2023Factor Fields: A Unified Framework for Neural Fields and Beyondcited by 58
- 2023Stanford-ORB: A Real-World 3D Object Inverse Rendering Benchmarkcited by 51
- 2022IntrinsicNeRF: Learning Intrinsic Neural Radiance Fields for Editable Novel View Synthesiscited by 50
- 2024DreamMat: High-quality PBR Material Generation with Geometry- and Light-aware Diffusion Modelscited by 50
- 2023Neural-PBIR Reconstruction of Shape, Material, and Illuminationcited by 45
- 2023Relighting Neural Radiance Fields with Shadow and Highlight Hintscited by 41
- 2024DeferredGS: Decoupled and Editable Gaussian Splatting with Deferred Shadingcited by 40
- 2024GI-GS: Global Illumination Decomposition on Gaussian Splatting for Inverse Renderingcited by 39
- 2023NeFII: Inverse Rendering for Reflectance Decomposition with Near-Field Indirect Illuminationcited by 38
- 2024A Diffusion Approach to Radiance Field Relighting using Multi-Illumination Synthesiscited by 37
- 2023NeMF: Inverse Volume Rendering with Neural Microflake Fieldcited by 34
- 2023OpenIllumination: A Multi-Illumination Dataset for Inverse Rendering Evaluation on Real Objectscited by 31
- 2022S3-NeRF: Neural Reflectance Field from Shading and Shadow under a Single Viewpointcited by 30
- 2023Scalable, Detailed and Mask-Free Universal Photometric Stereocited by 30
- 2023SpecNeRF: Gaussian Directional Encoding for Specular Reflectionscited by 30
- 2023NeRFLiX: High-Quality Neural View Synthesis by Learning a Degradation-Driven Inter-viewpoint MiXercited by 29
- 2024IllumiNeRF: 3D Relighting Without Inverse Renderingcited by 29
- 2025Digital Twin Catalog: A Large-Scale Photorealistic 3D Object Digital Twin Datasetcited by 29
- 2023Relightable and Animatable Neural Avatar from Sparse-View Videocited by 28
- 2024MaterialFusion: Enhancing Inverse Rendering with Material Diffusion Priorscited by 28
- 2023NeuManifold: Neural Watertight Manifold Reconstruction with Efficient and High-Quality Rendering Supportcited by 25
- 2023NeISF: Neural Incident Stokes Field for Geometry and Material Estimationcited by 25
- 2025HRAvatar: High-Quality and Relightable Gaussian Head Avatarcited by 24
- 2022Multi-view Inverse Rendering for Large-scale Real-world Indoor Scenescited by 23
- 2024RelitLRM: Generative Relightable Radiance for Large Reconstruction Modelscited by 23
- 2023UrbanIR: Large-Scale Urban Scene Inverse Rendering from a Single Videocited by 22
- 2023Mirror-NeRF: Learning Neural Radiance Fields for Mirrors with Whitted-Style Ray Tracingcited by 22
- 2024GeoSplatting: Towards Geometry Guided Gaussian Splatting for Physically-based Inverse Renderingcited by 22
- 2025SVG-IR: Spatially-Varying Gaussian Splatting for Inverse Renderingcited by 22
- 20243Doodle: Compact Abstraction of Objects with 3D Strokescited by 21
- 2024IDArb: Intrinsic Decomposition for Arbitrary Number of Input Views and Illuminationscited by 21
- 2023IntrinsicAvatar: Physically Based Inverse Rendering of Dynamic Humans from Monocular Videos via Explicit Ray Tracingcited by 20
- 2023SIRe-IR: Inverse Rendering for BRDF Reconstruction with Shadow and Illumination Removal in High-Illuminance Scenescited by 19
- 2024Objects With Lighting: A Real-World Dataset for Evaluating Reconstruction and Rendering for Object Relightingcited by 18
- 2024SHINOBI: Shape and Illumination using Neural Object Decomposition via BRDF Optimization In-the-wildcited by 18
- 2024Mirror-3DGS: Incorporating Mirror Reflections into 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 18
- 2022ShadowNeuS: Neural SDF Reconstruction by Shadow Ray Supervisioncited by 17
50 most cited of 167 All 167 (JSON)
- 2026RelightFormer: Feed-forward Generative Transformer for Multiview Object Relighting7 Sep 2026
- 2026ExMesh++: From Multi-View Images to Relightable UV-PBR Mesh Assets via Topology-Adaptive Reconstruction and Decomposition25 Aug 2026
- 2026LiveLight: Real-time Streaming Video Relighting with Interactive Control3 Aug 2026
- 2026Diffusion-Based Material Regularization for Physics-Based Inverse Rendering30 Jun 2026
- 2026Extracting Neural Materials from Images25 Jun 2026
- 2026TRON: Tracing Rays to Orchestrate a Neural Renderer for 3D Gaussian Reconstructions9 Jun 2026
- 2026Ambient-robust Inverse Rendering using Active RGB-NIR Imaging28 May 2026
- 2026Snapshot Polarimetric Display Inverse Rendering24 May 2026
- 2026BodyReLux: Temporally Consistent Full-Body Video Relighting20 May 2026
- 2026WildRelight: A Real-World Benchmark and Physics-Guided Adaptation for Single-Image Relighting12 May 2026
- 2026GOR-IS: 3D Gaussian Object Removal in the Intrinsic Space1 May 2026
- 2026LumiMotion: Improving Gaussian Relighting with Scene Dynamics13 Apr 2026
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- 2026Radiometrically Consistent Gaussian Surfels for Inverse Rendering2 Mar 2026
- 2026Rotated Lights for Consistent and Efficient 2D Gaussians Inverse Rendering9 Feb 2026
- 2026LightCity: An Urban Dataset for Outdoor Inverse Rendering and Reconstruction under Multi-illumination Conditions1 Feb 2026
- 2026VENI: Variational Encoder for Natural Illumination20 Jan 2026
- 2026DIAMOND-SSS: Diffusion-Augmented Multi-View Optimization for Data-efficient SubSurface Scattering17 Jan 2026
- 2025From Particles to Fields: Reframing Photon Mapping with Continuous Gaussian Photon Fields13 Dec 2025
- 2025WildCap: Facial Albedo Capture in the Wild via Hybrid Inverse Rendering12 Dec 2025
- 2025GAINS: Gaussian-based Inverse Rendering from Sparse Multi-View Captures10 Dec 2025
- 2025COREA: Coupled Relightable 3D Gaussians and SDFs for Efficient Normal Alignment8 Dec 2025
- 2025GLOW: Global Illumination-Aware Inverse Rendering of Indoor Scenes Captured with Dynamic Co-Located Light & Camera28 Nov 2025
- 2025NoPe-NeRF++: Local-to-Global Optimization of NeRF with No Pose Prior21 Nov 2025
- 2025Improving Multi-View Reconstruction via Texture-Guided Gaussian-Mesh Joint Optimization6 Nov 2025
- 2025UniLumos: Fast and Unified Image and Video Relighting with Physics-Plausible Feedback3 Nov 2025
- 2025SViM3D: Stable Video Material Diffusion for Single Image 3D Generation9 Oct 2025
- 2025ComGS: Efficient 3D Object-Scene Composition via Surface Octahedral Probes9 Oct 2025
- 2025ROGR: Relightable 3D Objects using Generative Relighting3 Oct 2025
- 2025LuxDiT: Lighting Estimation with Video Diffusion Transformer3 Sep 2025
- 2025A Real-world Display Inverse Rendering Dataset20 Aug 2025
- 2025LightSwitch: Multi-view Relighting with Material-guided Diffusion8 Aug 2025
- 2025GaRe: Relightable 3D Gaussian Splatting for Outdoor Scenes from Unconstrained Photo Collections28 Jul 2025
- 2025HumanMaterial: Human Material Estimation from a Single Image via Progressive Training24 Jul 2025
- 2025Gaussian Splatting with Discretized SDF for Relightable Assets21 Jul 2025
- 2025RTR-GS: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Inverse Rendering with Radiance Transfer and Reflection10 Jul 2025
- 2025TC-Light: Temporally Coherent Generative Rendering for Realistic World Transfer23 Jun 2025
- 2025Neural Inverse Rendering from Propagating Light5 Jun 2025
- 2025LIRM: Large Inverse Rendering Model for Progressive Reconstruction of Shape, Materials and View-dependent Radiance Fields28 Apr 2025
- 2025DNF-Avatar: Distilling Neural Fields for Real-time Animatable Avatar Relighting14 Apr 2025
- 2025Digital Twin Catalog: A Large-Scale Photorealistic 3D Object Digital Twin Dataset11 Apr 2025
- 2025Glossy Object Reconstruction with Cost-effective Polarized Acquisition9 Apr 2025
- 2025SVG-IR: Spatially-Varying Gaussian Splatting for Inverse Rendering9 Apr 2025
- 2025HRAvatar: High-Quality and Relightable Gaussian Head Avatar11 Mar 2025
- 2025On Neural BRDFs: A Thorough Comparison of State-of-the-Art Approaches21 Feb 2025
- 2025OMG: Opacity Matters in Material Modeling with Gaussian Splatting16 Feb 2025
- 2025NeRFs are Mirror Detectors: Using Structural Similarity for Multi-View Mirror Scene Reconstruction with 3D Surface Primitives7 Jan 2025
- 2024Uni-Renderer: Unifying Rendering and Inverse Rendering Via Dual Stream Diffusion19 Dec 2024
- 2024IDArb: Intrinsic Decomposition for Arbitrary Number of Input Views and Illuminations16 Dec 2024
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- 2024Neural Gaffer: Relighting Any Object via Diffusioncited by 91
- 2024IntrinsicAnything: Learning Diffusion Priors for Inverse Rendering Under Unknown Illuminationcited by 67
- 2024DreamMat: High-quality PBR Material Generation with Geometry- and Light-aware Diffusion Modelscited by 50
- 2024A Diffusion Approach to Radiance Field Relighting using Multi-Illumination Synthesiscited by 37
- 2024MaterialFusion: Enhancing Inverse Rendering with Material Diffusion Priorscited by 28
- 2025LightSwitch: Multi-view Relighting with Material-guided Diffusioncited by 15
- 2025LuxDiT: Lighting Estimation with Video Diffusion Transformercited by 14
- 2024ExtraNeRF: Visibility-Aware View Extrapolation of Neural Radiance Fields with Diffusion Modelscited by 12
- 2025UniLumos: Fast and Unified Image and Video Relighting with Physics-Plausible Feedbackcited by 12
- 2025SViM3D: Stable Video Material Diffusion for Single Image 3D Generationcited by 7
- 2025GAINS: Gaussian-based Inverse Rendering from Sparse Multi-View Capturescited by 1
- 2026Diffusion-Based Material Regularization for Physics-Based Inverse Renderingcited by 0
- 2026Diffusion-Based Material Regularization for Physics-Based Inverse Rendering30 Jun 2026
- 2025GAINS: Gaussian-based Inverse Rendering from Sparse Multi-View Captures10 Dec 2025
- 2025UniLumos: Fast and Unified Image and Video Relighting with Physics-Plausible Feedback3 Nov 2025
- 2025SViM3D: Stable Video Material Diffusion for Single Image 3D Generation9 Oct 2025
- 2025LuxDiT: Lighting Estimation with Video Diffusion Transformer3 Sep 2025
- 2025LightSwitch: Multi-view Relighting with Material-guided Diffusion8 Aug 2025
- 2024MaterialFusion: Enhancing Inverse Rendering with Material Diffusion Priors23 Sep 2024
- 2024A Diffusion Approach to Radiance Field Relighting using Multi-Illumination Synthesis13 Sep 2024
- 2024Neural Gaffer: Relighting Any Object via Diffusion11 Jun 2024
- 2024ExtraNeRF: Visibility-Aware View Extrapolation of Neural Radiance Fields with Diffusion Models10 Jun 2024
- 2024DreamMat: High-quality PBR Material Generation with Geometry- and Light-aware Diffusion Models27 May 2024
- 2024IntrinsicAnything: Learning Diffusion Priors for Inverse Rendering Under Unknown Illumination17 Apr 2024
- 2023GS-IR: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Inverse Renderingcited by 220
- 2023TensoIR: Tensorial Inverse Renderingcited by 166
- 2022Shape, Light, and Material Decomposition from Images using Monte Carlo Rendering and Denoisingcited by 163
- 2023NeRO: Neural Geometry and BRDF Reconstruction of Reflective Objects from Multiview Imagescited by 163
- 2024High-quality Surface Reconstruction using Gaussian Surfelscited by 159
- 2023Relightable 3D Gaussians: Realistic Point Cloud Relighting with BRDF Decomposition and Ray Tracingcited by 138
- 2023Neural Fields meet Explicit Geometric Representation for Inverse Rendering of Urban Scenescited by 89
- 2023GIR: 3D Gaussian Inverse Rendering for Relightable Scene Factorizationcited by 86
- 2023ENVIDR: Implicit Differentiable Renderer with Neural Environment Lightingcited by 63
- 2024Advances in 3D Generation: A Surveycited by 62
- 20243D Gaussian Splatting with Deferred Reflectioncited by 61
- 2023Factor Fields: A Unified Framework for Neural Fields and Beyondcited by 58
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- 2026RelightFormer: Feed-forward Generative Transformer for Multiview Object Relighting7 Sep 2026
- 2026ExMesh++: From Multi-View Images to Relightable UV-PBR Mesh Assets via Topology-Adaptive Reconstruction and Decomposition25 Aug 2026
- 2026LiveLight: Real-time Streaming Video Relighting with Interactive Control3 Aug 2026
- 2026Extracting Neural Materials from Images25 Jun 2026
- 2026TRON: Tracing Rays to Orchestrate a Neural Renderer for 3D Gaussian Reconstructions9 Jun 2026
- 2026Ambient-robust Inverse Rendering using Active RGB-NIR Imaging28 May 2026
- 2026Snapshot Polarimetric Display Inverse Rendering24 May 2026
- 2026BodyReLux: Temporally Consistent Full-Body Video Relighting20 May 2026
- 2026WildRelight: A Real-World Benchmark and Physics-Guided Adaptation for Single-Image Relighting12 May 2026
- 2026GOR-IS: 3D Gaussian Object Removal in the Intrinsic Space1 May 2026
- 2026LumiMotion: Improving Gaussian Relighting with Scene Dynamics13 Apr 2026
- 2026Appearance Decomposition Gaussian Splatting for Multi-Traversal Reconstruction7 Apr 2026
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