Learning-based Multi-View Stereo: A Survey
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Abstract (arXiv)
3D reconstruction aims to recover the dense 3D structure of a scene. It plays an essential role in various applications such as Augmented/Virtual Reality (AR/VR), autonomous driving and robotics. Leveraging multiple views of a scene captured from different viewpoints, Multi-View Stereo (MVS) algorithms synthesize a comprehensive 3D representation, enabling precise reconstruction in complex environments. Due to its efficiency and effectiveness, MVS has become a pivotal method for image-based 3D reconstruction. Recently, with the success of deep learning, many learning-based MVS methods have been proposed, achieving impressive performance against traditional methods. We categorize these learning-based methods as: depth map-based, voxel-based, NeRF-based, 3D Gaussian Splatting-based, and large feed-forward methods. Among these, we focus significantly on depth map-based methods, which are the main family of MVS due to their conciseness, flexibility and scalability. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature at the time of this writing. We investigate these learning-based methods, summarize their performances on popular benchmarks, and discuss promising future research directions in this area.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 172 of its 261 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Aug 2024.
Builds on
172 of 261 references.
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50 most cited of 172 All 172 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 10; 2026: 8.
18 papers.
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- 2025MVSAnywhere: Zero-Shot Multi-View Stereocited by 26
- 2025GaSLight: Gaussian Splats for Spatially-Varying Lighting in HDRcited by 12
- 2025QuickSplat: Fast 3D Surface Reconstruction via Learned Gaussian Initializationcited by 11
- 2025Ov3R: Open-Vocabulary Semantic 3D Reconstruction from RGB Videoscited by 10
- 2026SparseSplat: Towards Applicable Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting with Pixel-Unaligned Predictioncited by 7
- 2025GENA3D: Generative Amodal 3D Modeling by Bridging 2D Priors and 3D Coherencecited by 6
- 2025VAD-GS: Visibility-Aware Densification for 3D Gaussian Splatting in Dynamic Urban Scenescited by 1
- 2025RocSync: Millisecond-Accurate Temporal Synchronization for Heterogeneous Camera Systemscited by 1
- 2025PerfCam: Digital Twinning for Production Lines Using 3D Gaussian Splatting and Vision Modelscited by 0
- 2025UniFField: A Generalizable Unified Neural Feature Field for Visual, Semantic, and Spatial Uncertainties in Any Scenecited by 0
- 2025MVS-TTA: Test-Time Adaptation for Multi-View Stereo via Meta-Auxiliary Learningcited by 0
- 2026Urban Neural Surface Reconstruction from Constrained Sparse Aerial Imagery with 3D SAR Fusioncited by 0
6 more
- 2026MGP-KAD: Multimodal Geometric Priors and Kolmogorov-Arnold Decoder for Single-View 3D Reconstruction in Complex Scenescited by 0
- 2026PAGaS: Pixel-Aligned 1DoF Gaussian Splatting for Depth Refinementcited by 0
- 2026ActMVS: Active Scene Reconstruction with Monocular Multi-View Stereocited by 0
- 2026MAGiSt3R: Multi-Agent Feed-forward 3D Reconstruction from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 0
- 2026ZipMVS: Multi-View Stereo with Compressed Cost Volumescited by 0
- 2026TV-SGS: Gaussian Splatting with Geometric Information Propagation via Tensor Voting under sparse viewscited by 0
- 2026TV-SGS: Gaussian Splatting with Geometric Information Propagation via Tensor Voting under sparse views7 Sep 2026
- 2026ZipMVS: Multi-View Stereo with Compressed Cost Volumes28 Aug 2026
- 2026MAGiSt3R: Multi-Agent Feed-forward 3D Reconstruction from Monocular RGB Videos16 Jul 2026
- 2026ActMVS: Active Scene Reconstruction with Monocular Multi-View Stereo31 May 2026
- 2026PAGaS: Pixel-Aligned 1DoF Gaussian Splatting for Depth Refinement24 Apr 2026
- 2026SparseSplat: Towards Applicable Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting with Pixel-Unaligned Prediction3 Apr 2026
- 2026MGP-KAD: Multimodal Geometric Priors and Kolmogorov-Arnold Decoder for Single-View 3D Reconstruction in Complex Scenes5 Feb 2026
- 2026Urban Neural Surface Reconstruction from Constrained Sparse Aerial Imagery with 3D SAR Fusion29 Jan 2026
- 2025GENA3D: Generative Amodal 3D Modeling by Bridging 2D Priors and 3D Coherence26 Nov 2025
- 2025MVS-TTA: Test-Time Adaptation for Multi-View Stereo via Meta-Auxiliary Learning22 Nov 2025
- 2025RocSync: Millisecond-Accurate Temporal Synchronization for Heterogeneous Camera Systems18 Nov 2025
- 2025VAD-GS: Visibility-Aware Densification for 3D Gaussian Splatting in Dynamic Urban Scenes10 Oct 2025
6 more
- 2025UniFField: A Generalizable Unified Neural Feature Field for Visual, Semantic, and Spatial Uncertainties in Any Scene8 Oct 2025
- 2025Ov3R: Open-Vocabulary Semantic 3D Reconstruction from RGB Videos29 Jul 2025
- 2025QuickSplat: Fast 3D Surface Reconstruction via Learned Gaussian Initialization8 May 2025
- 2025PerfCam: Digital Twinning for Production Lines Using 3D Gaussian Splatting and Vision Models25 Apr 2025
- 2025GaSLight: Gaussian Splats for Spatially-Varying Lighting in HDR15 Apr 2025
- 2025MVSAnywhere: Zero-Shot Multi-View Stereo28 Mar 2025
- 2025MVSAnywhere: Zero-Shot Multi-View Stereocited by 26
- 2025GaSLight: Gaussian Splats for Spatially-Varying Lighting in HDRcited by 12
- 2025QuickSplat: Fast 3D Surface Reconstruction via Learned Gaussian Initializationcited by 11
- 2025Ov3R: Open-Vocabulary Semantic 3D Reconstruction from RGB Videoscited by 10
- 2026SparseSplat: Towards Applicable Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting with Pixel-Unaligned Predictioncited by 7
- 2025GENA3D: Generative Amodal 3D Modeling by Bridging 2D Priors and 3D Coherencecited by 6
- 2025VAD-GS: Visibility-Aware Densification for 3D Gaussian Splatting in Dynamic Urban Scenescited by 1
- 2025RocSync: Millisecond-Accurate Temporal Synchronization for Heterogeneous Camera Systemscited by 1
- 2025PerfCam: Digital Twinning for Production Lines Using 3D Gaussian Splatting and Vision Modelscited by 0
- 2025UniFField: A Generalizable Unified Neural Feature Field for Visual, Semantic, and Spatial Uncertainties in Any Scenecited by 0
- 2025MVS-TTA: Test-Time Adaptation for Multi-View Stereo via Meta-Auxiliary Learningcited by 0
- 2026Urban Neural Surface Reconstruction from Constrained Sparse Aerial Imagery with 3D SAR Fusioncited by 0
12 most cited of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2026TV-SGS: Gaussian Splatting with Geometric Information Propagation via Tensor Voting under sparse views7 Sep 2026
- 2026ZipMVS: Multi-View Stereo with Compressed Cost Volumes28 Aug 2026
- 2026MAGiSt3R: Multi-Agent Feed-forward 3D Reconstruction from Monocular RGB Videos16 Jul 2026
- 2026ActMVS: Active Scene Reconstruction with Monocular Multi-View Stereo31 May 2026
- 2026PAGaS: Pixel-Aligned 1DoF Gaussian Splatting for Depth Refinement24 Apr 2026
- 2026SparseSplat: Towards Applicable Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting with Pixel-Unaligned Prediction3 Apr 2026
- 2026MGP-KAD: Multimodal Geometric Priors and Kolmogorov-Arnold Decoder for Single-View 3D Reconstruction in Complex Scenes5 Feb 2026
- 2026Urban Neural Surface Reconstruction from Constrained Sparse Aerial Imagery with 3D SAR Fusion29 Jan 2026
- 2025GENA3D: Generative Amodal 3D Modeling by Bridging 2D Priors and 3D Coherence26 Nov 2025
- 2025MVS-TTA: Test-Time Adaptation for Multi-View Stereo via Meta-Auxiliary Learning22 Nov 2025
- 2025RocSync: Millisecond-Accurate Temporal Synchronization for Heterogeneous Camera Systems18 Nov 2025
- 2025VAD-GS: Visibility-Aware Densification for 3D Gaussian Splatting in Dynamic Urban Scenes10 Oct 2025
12 newest of 18 All 18 (JSON)