mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

SCANimate: Weakly Supervised Learning of Skinned Clothed Avatar Networks

arXiv 2104.03313 ↗First posted 7 Apr 2021cs.CVcited by 181

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present SCANimate, an end-to-end trainable framework that takes raw 3D scans of a clothed human and turns them into an animatable avatar. These avatars are driven by pose parameters and have realistic clothing that moves and deforms naturally. SCANimate does not rely on a customized mesh template or surface mesh registration. We observe that fitting a parametric 3D body model, like SMPL, to a clothed human scan is tractable while surface registration of the body topology to the scan is often not, because clothing can deviate significantly from the body shape. We also observe that articulated transformations are invertible, resulting in geometric cycle consistency in the posed and unposed shapes. These observations lead us to a weakly supervised learning method that aligns scans into a canonical pose by disentangling articulated deformations without template-based surface registration. Furthermore, to complete missing regions in the aligned scans while modeling pose-dependent deformations, we introduce a locally pose-aware implicit function that learns to complete and model geometry with learned pose correctives. In contrast to commonly used global pose embeddings, our local pose conditioning significantly reduces long-range spurious correlations and improves generalization to unseen poses, especially when training data is limited. Our method can be applied to pose-aware appearance modeling to generate a fully textured avatar. We demonstrate our approach on various clothing types with different amounts of training data, outperforming existing solutions and other variants in terms of fidelity and generality in every setting. The code is available at https://scanimate.is.tue.mpg.de.

Key facts. Cited by 181 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 77 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Apr 2021.

Builds on

42 of 77 references.

References · 42

  1. 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,689
  2. 2020Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functionscited by 2,238
  3. 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,041
  4. 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,612
  5. 2018Learning Implicit Fields for Generative Shape Modelingcited by 1,060
  6. 2017End-to-end Recovery of Human Shape and Posecited by 885
  7. 2019PIFu: Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution Clothed Human Digitizationcited by 818
  8. 2020Implicit Geometric Regularization for Learning Shapescited by 710
  9. 2016Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Imagecited by 695
  10. 2019Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-fitting in the Loopcited by 627
  11. 2019VIBE: Video Inference for Human Body Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 620
  12. 2020PIFuHD: Multi-Level Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution 3D Human Digitizationcited by 521
30 more
  1. 2020Implicit Functions in Feature Space for 3D Shape Reconstruction and Completioncited by 343
  2. 2018Learning 3D Human Dynamics from Videocited by 316
  3. 2018Generating 3D faces using Convolutional Mesh Autoencoderscited by 268
  4. 2020ARCH: Animatable Reconstruction of Clothed Humanscited by 257
  5. 2019Multi-Garment Net: Learning to Dress 3D People from Imagescited by 245
  6. 2019Learning Shape Templates with Structured Implicit Functionscited by 242
  7. 2018Video Based Reconstruction of 3D People Modelscited by 238
  8. 2019Texture Fields: Learning Texture Representations in Function Spacecited by 210
  9. 2017Unite the People: Closing the Loop Between 3D and 2D Human Representationscited by 205
  10. 2020STAR: Sparse Trained Articulated Human Body Regressorcited by 194
  11. 2019DeepHuman: 3D Human Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 182
  12. 2019Learning to Reconstruct People in Clothing from a Single RGB Cameracited by 168
  13. 2021SMPLicit: Topology-aware Generative Model for Clothed Peoplecited by 155
  14. 2019NASA: Neural Articulated Shape Approximationcited by 149
  15. 2020TailorNet: Predicting Clothing in 3D as a Function of Human Pose, Shape and Garment Stylecited by 149
  16. 2018BodyNet: Volumetric Inference of 3D Human Body Shapescited by 141
  17. 2020Combining Implicit Function Learning and Parametric Models for 3D Human Reconstructioncited by 133
  18. 2020BCNet: Learning Body and Cloth Shape from A Single Imagecited by 120
  19. 2020LoopReg: Self-supervised Learning of Implicit Surface Correspondences, Pose and Shape for 3D Human Mesh Registrationcited by 108
  20. 2018DoubleFusion: Real-time Capture of Human Performances with Inner Body Shapes from a Single Depth Sensorcited by 95
  21. 2018DeepWrinkles: Accurate and Realistic Clothing Modelingcited by 90
  22. 2017Detailed, accurate, human shape estimation from clothed 3D scan sequencescited by 89
  23. 2019Detailed Human Shape Estimation from a Single Image by Hierarchical Mesh Deformationcited by 71
  24. 2018GarNet: A Two-Stream Network for Fast and Accurate 3D Cloth Drapingcited by 69
  25. 2019Moulding Humans: Non-parametric 3D Human Shape Estimation from Single Imagescited by 67
  26. 2020DeepHandMesh: A Weakly-supervised Deep Encoder-Decoder Framework for High-fidelity Hand Mesh Modelingcited by 49
  27. 2020DeePSD: Automatic Deep Skinning And Pose Space Deformation For 3D Garment Animationcited by 43
  28. 2019FACSIMILE: Fast and Accurate Scans From an Image in Less Than a Secondcited by 35
  29. 2020Adversarial Texture Optimization from RGB-D Scanscited by 30
  30. 2020NormalGAN: Learning Detailed 3D Human from a Single RGB-D Imagecited by 24

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 29; 2022: 53; 2023: 53; 2024: 30; 2025: 11; 2026: 5.

181 papers.

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  1. 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 540
  2. 2022HumanNeRF: Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving People from Monocular Videocited by 483
  3. 2021ICON: Implicit Clothed humans Obtained from Normalscited by 283
  4. 2021I M Avatar: Implicit Morphable Head Avatars from Videoscited by 231
  5. 2021SNARF: Differentiable Forward Skinning for Animating Non-Rigid Neural Implicit Shapescited by 221
  6. 2021BANMo: Building Animatable 3D Neural Models from Many Casual Videoscited by 197
  7. 20233DGS-Avatar: Animatable Avatars via Deformable 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 195
  8. 2022TAVA: Template-free Animatable Volumetric Actorscited by 172
  9. 2023GauHuman: Articulated Gaussian Splatting from Monocular Human Videoscited by 168
  10. 2022SelfRecon: Self Reconstruction Your Digital Avatar from Monocular Videocited by 144
  11. 2022ARAH: Animatable Volume Rendering of Articulated Human SDFscited by 139
  12. 2022Structured Local Radiance Fields for Human Avatar Modelingcited by 116
38 more
  1. 2021Animatable Neural Radiance Fields from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 109
  2. 2021LEAP: Learning Articulated Occupancy of Peoplecited by 107
  3. 2023Human Gaussian Splatting: Real-time Rendering of Animatable Avatarscited by 105
  4. 2023ASH: Animatable Gaussian Splats for Efficient and Photoreal Human Renderingcited by 104
  5. 2021imGHUM: Implicit Generative Models of 3D Human Shape and Articulated Posecited by 103
  6. 2023DNA-Rendering: A Diverse Neural Actor Repository for High-Fidelity Human-centric Renderingcited by 103
  7. 2021Neural-GIF: Neural Generalized Implicit Functions for Animating People in Clothingcited by 102
  8. 2021The Power of Points for Modeling Humans in Clothingcited by 90
  9. 2023Hi4D: 4D Instance Segmentation of Close Human Interactioncited by 87
  10. 2022Pose-NDF: Modeling Human Pose Manifolds with Neural Distance Fieldscited by 85
  11. 2023MonoHuman: Animatable Human Neural Field from Monocular Videocited by 85
  12. 2023AvatarReX: Real-time Expressive Full-body Avatarscited by 84
  13. 2022SNUG: Self-Supervised Neural Dynamic Garmentscited by 83
  14. 2021Driving-Signal Aware Full-Body Avatarscited by 81
  15. 2021MetaAvatar: Learning Animatable Clothed Human Models from Few Depth Imagescited by 78
  16. 2022Conditional-Flow NeRF: Accurate 3D Modelling with Reliable Uncertainty Quantificationcited by 73
  17. 2021SCALE: Modeling Clothed Humans with a Surface Codec of Articulated Local Elementscited by 72
  18. 2022gDNA: Towards Generative Detailed Neural Avatarscited by 72
  19. 2023Learning Neural Volumetric Representations of Dynamic Humans in Minutescited by 70
  20. 2021Modeling Clothing as a Separate Layer for an Animatable Human Avatarcited by 66
  21. 2023X-Avatar: Expressive Human Avatarscited by 66
  22. 2021CoNeRF: Controllable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 65
  23. 2022Human Performance Modeling and Rendering via Neural Animated Meshcited by 64
  24. 2022LISA: Learning Implicit Shape and Appearance of Handscited by 63
  25. 2022Drivable Volumetric Avatars using Texel-Aligned Featurescited by 62
  26. 2022COAP: Compositional Articulated Occupancy of Peoplecited by 59
  27. 2022AlignSDF: Pose-Aligned Signed Distance Fields for Hand-Object Reconstructioncited by 59
  28. 2022CaDeX: Learning Canonical Deformation Coordinate Space for Dynamic Surface Representation via Neural Homeomorphismcited by 57
  29. 2022AvatarCLIP: Zero-Shot Text-Driven Generation and Animation of 3D Avatarscited by 55
  30. 2022Fast-SNARF: A Fast Deformer for Articulated Neural Fieldscited by 55
  31. 2023Learning Locally Editable Virtual Humanscited by 54
  32. 20244D-DRESS: A 4D Dataset of Real-world Human Clothing with Semantic Annotationscited by 54
  33. 2024PhysAvatar: Learning the Physics of Dressed 3D Avatars from Visual Observationscited by 51
  34. 2021A Skeleton-Driven Neural Occupancy Representation for Articulated Handscited by 50
  35. 2022Learning Implicit Templates for Point-Based Clothed Human Modelingcited by 50
  36. 2023PoseVocab: Learning Joint-structured Pose Embeddings for Human Avatar Modelingcited by 50
  37. 2023Reconstructing Animatable Categories from Videoscited by 47
  38. 2022PINA: Learning a Personalized Implicit Neural Avatar from a Single RGB-D Video Sequencecited by 46

50 most cited of 181 All 181 (JSON)