mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

BANMo: Building Animatable 3D Neural Models from Many Casual Videos

arXiv 2112.12761 ↗First posted 23 Dec 2021cs.CV cs.GRcited by 197

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Abstract (arXiv)

Prior work for articulated 3D shape reconstruction often relies on specialized sensors (e.g., synchronized multi-camera systems), or pre-built 3D deformable models (e.g., SMAL or SMPL). Such methods are not able to scale to diverse sets of objects in the wild. We present BANMo, a method that requires neither a specialized sensor nor a pre-defined template shape. BANMo builds high-fidelity, articulated 3D models (including shape and animatable skinning weights) from many monocular casual videos in a differentiable rendering framework. While the use of many videos provides more coverage of camera views and object articulations, they introduce significant challenges in establishing correspondence across scenes with different backgrounds, illumination conditions, etc. Our key insight is to merge three schools of thought; (1) classic deformable shape models that make use of articulated bones and blend skinning, (2) volumetric neural radiance fields (NeRFs) that are amenable to gradient-based optimization, and (3) canonical embeddings that generate correspondences between pixels and an articulated model. We introduce neural blend skinning models that allow for differentiable and invertible articulated deformations. When combined with canonical embeddings, such models allow us to establish dense correspondences across videos that can be self-supervised with cycle consistency. On real and synthetic datasets, BANMo shows higher-fidelity 3D reconstructions than prior works for humans and animals, with the ability to render realistic images from novel viewpoints and poses. Project webpage: banmo-www.github.io .

Key facts. Cited by 197 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 49 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Dec 2021.

Builds on

49 of 73 references.

References · 49

  1. 2020Fourier Features Let Networks Learn High Frequency Functions in Low Dimensional Domainscited by 2,200
  2. 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,712
  3. 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,612
  4. 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,465
  5. 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,232
  6. 2020Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,198
  7. 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 996
  8. 2020Neural Scene Flow Fields for Space-Time View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenescited by 751
  9. 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 687
  10. 2021BARF: Bundle-Adjusting Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 642
  11. 2020Neural Body: Implicit Neural Representations with Structured Latent Codes for Novel View Synthesis of Dynamic Humanscited by 634
  12. 2019VIBE: Video Inference for Human Body Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 620
37 more
  1. 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
  2. 2020Non-Rigid Neural Radiance Fields: Reconstruction and Novel View Synthesis of a Dynamic Scene From Monocular Videocited by 471
  3. 2019PointRend: Image Segmentation as Renderingcited by 440
  4. 2021Animatable Neural Radiance Fields for Modeling Dynamic Human Bodiescited by 361
  5. 2017End-to-End Learning of Geometry and Context for Deep Stereo Regressioncited by 360
  6. 2018Learning Category-Specific Mesh Reconstruction from Image Collectionscited by 317
  7. 20163D Menagerie: Modeling the 3D shape and pose of animalscited by 312
  8. 2019What Do Single-view 3D Reconstruction Networks Learn?cited by 260
  9. 2021A-NeRF: Articulated Neural Radiance Fields for Learning Human Shape, Appearance, and Posecited by 233
  10. 2021SNARF: Differentiable Forward Skinning for Animating Non-Rigid Neural Implicit Shapescited by 221
  11. 2017Hide-and-Seek: Forcing a Network to be Meticulous for Weakly-supervised Object and Action Localizationcited by 207
  12. 2021Self-Calibrating Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 204
  13. 2021Neural Articulated Radiance Fieldcited by 196
  14. 2021SCANimate: Weakly Supervised Learning of Skinned Clothed Avatar Networkscited by 181
  15. 2018Monocular Total Capture: Posing Face, Body, and Hands in the Wildcited by 162
  16. 2021GNeRF: GAN-based Neural Radiance Field without Posed Cameracited by 153
  17. 2021NeRS: Neural Reflectance Surfaces for Sparse-view 3D Reconstruction in the Wildcited by 136
  18. 2020Self-supervised Single-view 3D Reconstruction via Semantic Consistencycited by 127
  19. 2021LASR: Learning Articulated Shape Reconstruction from a Monocular Videocited by 116
  20. 2019Three-D Safari: Learning to Estimate Zebra Pose, Shape, and Texture from Images "In the Wild"cited by 106
  21. 2019DenseRaC: Joint 3D Pose and Shape Estimation by Dense Render-and-Comparecited by 100
  22. 2021Neural Trajectory Fields for Dynamic Novel View Synthesiscited by 86
  23. 2020Articulation-aware Canonical Surface Mappingcited by 81
  24. 2020Who Left the Dogs Out? 3D Animal Reconstruction with Expectation Maximization in the Loopcited by 81
  25. 2020Continuous Surface Embeddingscited by 80
  26. 2021Shelf-Supervised Mesh Prediction in the Wildcited by 65
  27. 2021DOVE: Learning Deformable 3D Objects by Watching Videoscited by 61
  28. 2017Human Pose Regression by Combining Indirect Part Detection and Contextual Informationcited by 52
  29. 2020Online Adaptation for Consistent Mesh Reconstruction in the Wildcited by 51
  30. 2020Implicit Mesh Reconstruction from Unannotated Image Collectionscited by 49
  31. 20203D Bird Reconstruction: a Dataset, Model, and Shape Recovery from a Single Viewcited by 40
  32. 2019Deep Non-Rigid Structure from Motioncited by 38
  33. 2020TexMesh: Reconstructing Detailed Human Texture and Geometry from RGB-D Videocited by 28
  34. 2021To The Point: Correspondence-driven monocular 3D category reconstructioncited by 21
  35. 2019Non-Rigid Structure from Motion: Prior-Free Factorization Method Revisitedcited by 18
  36. 2021Discovering Relationships between Object Categories via Universal Canonical Mapscited by 13
  37. 2020Spatiotemporal Bundle Adjustment for Dynamic 3D Human Reconstruction in the Wildcited by 11

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 21; 2023: 50; 2024: 56; 2025: 47; 2026: 23.

197 papers.

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  1. 2023Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 737
  2. 2023CoTracker: It is Better to Track Togethercited by 522
  3. 2024Shape of Motion: 4D Reconstruction from a Single Videocited by 250
  4. 2022Monocular Dynamic View Synthesis: A Reality Checkcited by 200
  5. 2024MoSca: Dynamic Gaussian Fusion from Casual Videos via 4D Motion Scaffoldscited by 179
  6. 2023Align Your Gaussians: Text-to-4D with Dynamic 3D Gaussians and Composed Diffusion Modelscited by 169
  7. 20243DGStream: On-the-Fly Training of 3D Gaussians for Efficient Streaming of Photo-Realistic Free-Viewpoint Videoscited by 160
  8. 2022Ditto: Building Digital Twins of Articulated Objects from Interactioncited by 156
  9. 2023SUDS: Scalable Urban Dynamic Scenescited by 151
  10. 2022MegaPortraits: One-shot Megapixel Neural Head Avatarscited by 131
  11. 2023Consistent4D: Consistent 360deg Dynamic Object Generation from Monocular Videocited by 125
  12. 2023DynMF: Neural Motion Factorization for Real-time Dynamic View Synthesis with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 124
38 more
  1. 2023GART: Gaussian Articulated Template Modelscited by 121
  2. 2022MagicPony: Learning Articulated 3D Animals in the Wildcited by 112
  3. 2023HoloDiffusion: Training a 3D Diffusion Model using 2D Imagescited by 106
  4. 2022Generative Neural Articulated Radiance Fieldscited by 101
  5. 2024Articulate-Anything: Automatic Modeling of Articulated Objects via a Vision-Language Foundation Modelcited by 96
  6. 2022ParticleSfM: Exploiting Dense Point Trajectories for Localizing Moving Cameras in the Wildcited by 92
  7. 2023MonoHuman: Animatable Human Neural Field from Monocular Videocited by 85
  8. 2023Diffusion-Guided Reconstruction of Everyday Hand-Object Interaction Clipscited by 74
  9. 2025ArtGS: Building Interactable Replicas of Complex Articulated Objects via Gaussian Splattingcited by 67
  10. 2022LASSIE: Learning Articulated Shapes from Sparse Image Ensemble via 3D Part Discoverycited by 66
  11. 2022Unsupervised Learning of Efficient Geometry-Aware Neural Articulated Representationscited by 65
  12. 2024MotionGS: Exploring Explicit Motion Guidance for Deformable 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 63
  13. 2023MFT: Long-Term Tracking of Every Pixelcited by 62
  14. 2023Neural Parametric Gaussians for Monocular Non-Rigid Object Reconstructioncited by 61
  15. 2024SC4D: Sparse-Controlled Video-to-4D Generation and Motion Transfercited by 61
  16. 2023Temporal Interpolation Is All You Need for Dynamic Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 59
  17. 2024Learning the 3D Fauna of the Webcited by 59
  18. 2023Visibility Aware Human-Object Interaction Tracking from Single RGB Cameracited by 58
  19. 2022Neural Surface Reconstruction of Dynamic Scenes with Monocular RGB-D Cameracited by 57
  20. 2022NeuPhysics: Editable Neural Geometry and Physics from Monocular Videoscited by 50
  21. 2024Grid4D: 4D Decomposed Hash Encoding for High-Fidelity Dynamic Gaussian Splattingcited by 49
  22. 2023Reconstructing Animatable Categories from Videoscited by 47
  23. 2024NPGA: Neural Parametric Gaussian Avatarscited by 46
  24. 2024SplineGS: Robust Motion-Adaptive Spline for Real-Time Dynamic 3D Gaussians from Monocular Videocited by 44
  25. 2025MagicArticulate: Make Your 3D Models Articulation-Readycited by 43
  26. 2025Puppeteer: Rig and Animate Your 3D Modelscited by 43
  27. 2023Flow supervision for Deformable NeRFcited by 42
  28. 2024Score-Guided Diffusion for 3D Human Recoverycited by 39
  29. 2023Farm3D: Learning Articulated 3D Animals by Distilling 2D Diffusioncited by 38
  30. 2024Vidu4D: Single Generated Video to High-Fidelity 4D Reconstruction with Dynamic Gaussian Surfelscited by 38
  31. 2023Dynamic Point Fieldscited by 37
  32. 2023DynPoint: Dynamic Neural Point For View Synthesiscited by 37
  33. 2022CASA: Category-agnostic Skeletal Animal Reconstructioncited by 35
  34. 2025ArticulatedGS: Self-supervised Digital Twin Modeling of Articulated Objects using 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 35
  35. 2023Building Rearticulable Models for Arbitrary 3D Objects from 4D Point Cloudscited by 34
  36. 2022Hi-LASSIE: High-Fidelity Articulated Shape and Skeleton Discovery from Sparse Image Ensemblecited by 31
  37. 2022State of the Art in Dense Monocular Non-Rigid 3D Reconstructioncited by 30
  38. 2022Common Pets in 3D: Dynamic New-View Synthesis of Real-Life Deformable Categoriescited by 29

50 most cited of 197 All 197 (JSON)