Learning Locally Editable Virtual Humans
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid representation and end-to-end trainable network architecture to model fully editable and customizable neural avatars. At the core of our work lies a representation that combines the modeling power of neural fields with the ease of use and inherent 3D consistency of skinned meshes. To this end, we construct a trainable feature codebook to store local geometry and texture features on the vertices of a deformable body model, thus exploiting its consistent topology under articulation. This representation is then employed in a generative auto-decoder architecture that admits fitting to unseen scans and sampling of realistic avatars with varied appearances and geometries. Furthermore, our representation allows local editing by swapping local features between 3D assets. To verify our method for avatar creation and editing, we contribute a new high-quality dataset, dubbed CustomHumans, for training and evaluation. Our experiments quantitatively and qualitatively show that our method generates diverse detailed avatars and achieves better model fitting performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. Our code and dataset are available at https://custom-humans.github.io/.
Key facts. Cited by 54 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 61 of its 82 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Apr 2023.
Builds on
61 of 82 references.
References · 61
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- 2020One-Shot Free-View Neural Talking-Head Synthesis for Video Conferencingcited by 438
- 2021Pivotal Tuning for Latent-based Editing of Real Imagescited by 427
- 2021Neural Geometric Level of Detail: Real-time Rendering with Implicit 3D Shapescited by 426
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- 2021I M Avatar: Implicit Morphable Head Avatars from Videoscited by 230
- 2021SNARF: Differentiable Forward Skinning for Animating Non-Rigid Neural Implicit Shapescited by 221
- 2021AGORA: Avatars in Geography Optimized for Regression Analysiscited by 203
- 2020STAR: Sparse Trained Articulated Human Body Regressorcited by 194
- 2021SCANimate: Weakly Supervised Learning of Skinned Clothed Avatar Networkscited by 181
- 2022Embodied Hands: Modeling and Capturing Hands and Bodies Togethercited by 179
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- 2019Liquid Warping GAN: A Unified Framework for Human Motion Imitation, Appearance Transfer and Novel View Synthesiscited by 161
- 2021SMPLicit: Topology-aware Generative Model for Clothed Peoplecited by 154
- 2022StyleGAN-Human: A Data-Centric Odyssey of Human Generationcited by 143
- 2022NeuMesh: Learning Disentangled Neural Mesh-based Implicit Field for Geometry and Texture Editingcited by 141
- 2023Vid2Avatar: 3D Avatar Reconstruction from Videos in the Wild via Self-supervised Scene Decompositioncited by 134
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- 2021Unconstrained Scene Generation with Locally Conditioned Radiance Fieldscited by 130
- 2022Photorealistic Monocular 3D Reconstruction of Humans Wearing Clothingcited by 126
- 2022EVA3D: Compositional 3D Human Generation from 2D Image Collectionscited by 111
- 2021Neural Actor: Neural Free-view Synthesis of Human Actors with Pose Controlcited by 106
- 2022Generative Neural Articulated Radiance Fieldscited by 101
- 2021The Power of Points for Modeling Humans in Clothingcited by 90
- 2021NPMs: Neural Parametric Models for 3D Deformable Shapescited by 89
- 2020SIZER: A Dataset and Model for Parsing 3D Clothing and Learning Size Sensitive 3D Clothingcited by 87
- 2021LOLNeRF: Learn from One Lookcited by 84
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- 2021SCALE: Modeling Clothed Humans with a Surface Codec of Articulated Local Elementscited by 72
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- 2020SMPLpix: Neural Avatars from 3D Human Modelscited by 69
- 2023X-Avatar: Expressive Human Avatarscited by 66
50 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 6; 2024: 21; 2025: 17; 2026: 10.
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- 2023Animate Anyone: Consistent and Controllable Image-to-Video Synthesis for Character Animationcited by 683
- 2024SplattingAvatar: Realistic Real-Time Human Avatars with Mesh-Embedded Gaussian Splattingcited by 171
- 2023HumanNorm: Learning Normal Diffusion Model for High-quality and Realistic 3D Human Generationcited by 88
- 2023SiTH: Single-view Textured Human Reconstruction with Image-Conditioned Diffusioncited by 72
- 20244D-DRESS: A 4D Dataset of Real-world Human Clothing with Semantic Annotationscited by 51
- 2024Human-3Diffusion: Realistic Avatar Creation via Explicit 3D Consistent Diffusion Modelscited by 44
- 2024AniGS: Animatable Gaussian Avatar from a Single Image with Inconsistent Gaussian Reconstructioncited by 36
- 2024MeshAvatar: Learning High-quality Triangular Human Avatars from Multi-view Videoscited by 34
- 2024Generalizable Human Gaussians from Single-View Imagecited by 29
- 2023Animatable and Relightable Gaussians for High-fidelity Human Avatar Modelingcited by 27
- 2024GarmentCodeData: A Dataset of 3D Made-to-Measure Garments With Sewing Patternscited by 27
- 2024PSHuman: Photorealistic Single-image 3D Human Reconstruction using Cross-Scale Multiview Diffusion and Explicit Remeshingcited by 23
38 more
- 2024UV Gaussians: Joint Learning of Mesh Deformation and Gaussian Textures for Human Avatar Modelingcited by 17
- 2024Gen-3Diffusion: Realistic Image-to-3D Generation via 2D & 3D Diffusion Synergycited by 16
- 2024PERSE: Personalized 3D Generative Avatars from A Single Portraitcited by 15
- 2025Simulating the Real World: A Unified Survey of Multimodal Generative Modelscited by 14
- 2025HumanDreamer-X: Photorealistic Single-image Human Avatars Reconstruction via Gaussian Restorationcited by 13
- 2024Diffusion Models in 3D Vision: A Surveycited by 11
- 2024DEGAS: Detailed Expressions on Full-Body Gaussian Avatarscited by 10
- 2024MultiGO: Towards Multi-level Geometry Learning for Monocular 3D Textured Human Reconstructioncited by 10
- 2025UP2You: Fast Reconstruction of Yourself from Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 10
- 2025AdaHuman: Animatable Detailed 3D Human Generation with Compositional Multiview Diffusioncited by 8
- 2025MoGA: 3D Generative Avatar Prior for Monocular Gaussian Avatar Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2025SyncHuman: Synchronizing 2D and 3D Generative Models for Single-view Human Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2024PEGASUS: Personalized Generative 3D Avatars with Composable Attributescited by 7
- 2025Disentangled Clothed Avatar Generation with Layered Representationcited by 7
- 2025HumanGif: Single-View Human Diffusion with Generative Priorcited by 7
- 2023Joint2Human: High-quality 3D Human Generation via Compact Spherical Embedding of 3D Jointscited by 6
- 2024GeneMAN: Generalizable Single-Image 3D Human Reconstruction from Multi-Source Human Datacited by 6
- 2025CHROME: Clothed Human Reconstruction with Occlusion-Resilience and Multiview-Consistency from a Single Imagecited by 6
- 2023Dyn-E: Local Appearance Editing of Dynamic Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 5
- 2024Design2Cloth: 3D Cloth Generation from 2D Maskscited by 5
- 2024InstructHumans: Editing Animated 3D Human Textures with Instructionscited by 4
- 2025Dream, Lift, Animate: From Single Images to Animatable Gaussian Avatarscited by 4
- 2024NECA: Neural Customizable Human Avatarcited by 3
- 2025SMPL Normal Map Is All You Need for Single-view Textured Human Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2025SVAD: From Single Image to 3D Avatar via Synthetic Data Generation with Video Diffusion and Data Augmentationcited by 2
- 2025PARTE: Part-Guided Texturing for 3D Human Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 2
- 2025Snap-Snap: Taking Two Images to Reconstruct 3D Human Gaussians in Millisecondscited by 2
- 2026Gaussian Wardrobe: Compositional 3D Gaussian Avatars for Free-Form Virtual Try-Oncited by 2
- 2026MultiGO++: Monocular 3D Clothed Human Reconstruction via Geometry-Texture Collaborationcited by 2
- 2026OmniFit: Multi-modal 3D Body Fitting via Scale-agnostic Dense Landmark Predictioncited by 2
- 2024FOF-X: Towards Real-time Detailed Human Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 1
- 2025Unify3D: An Augmented Holistic End-to-end Monocular 3D Human Reconstruction via Anatomy Shaping and Twins Negotiatingcited by 1
- 2026Human Video Generation from a Single Image with 3D Pose and View Controlcited by 1
- 2026DAMA: Disentangled Body-Anchored Gaussians for Controllable Multi-Layered Avatarscited by 1
- 2024AIpparel: A Multimodal Foundation Model for Digital Garmentscited by 0
- 2025Mastering Regional 3DGS: Locating, Initializing, and Editing with Diverse 2D Priorscited by 0
- 2025ReMu: Reconstructing Multi-layer 3D Clothed Human from Image Layerscited by 0
- 2026Joint Geometry-Appearance Human Reconstruction in a Unified Latent Space via Bridge Diffusioncited by 0
50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)
- 2026Revisiting Avatar-As-Image: High-Fidelity Registration is All You Need10 Sep 2026
- 2026DAMA: Disentangled Body-Anchored Gaussians for Controllable Multi-Layered Avatars20 May 2026
- 2026OmniFit: Multi-modal 3D Body Fitting via Scale-agnostic Dense Landmark Prediction23 Apr 2026
- 2026Human Interaction-Aware 3D Reconstruction from a Single Image7 Apr 2026
- 2026OAHuman: Occlusion-Aware 3D Human Reconstruction from Monocular Images15 Mar 2026
- 2026MultiGO++: Monocular 3D Clothed Human Reconstruction via Geometry-Texture Collaboration5 Mar 2026
- 2026Gaussian Wardrobe: Compositional 3D Gaussian Avatars for Free-Form Virtual Try-On4 Mar 2026
- 2026Direct Reward Fine-Tuning on Poses for Single Image to 3D Human in the Wild3 Mar 2026
- 2026Human Video Generation from a Single Image with 3D Pose and View Control24 Feb 2026
- 2026Joint Geometry-Appearance Human Reconstruction in a Unified Latent Space via Bridge Diffusion1 Jan 2026
- 2025SyncHuman: Synchronizing 2D and 3D Generative Models for Single-view Human Reconstruction9 Oct 2025
- 2025UP2You: Fast Reconstruction of Yourself from Unconstrained Photo Collections29 Sep 2025
38 more
- 2025Snap-Snap: Taking Two Images to Reconstruct 3D Human Gaussians in Milliseconds20 Aug 2025
- 2025ReMu: Reconstructing Multi-layer 3D Clothed Human from Image Layers2 Aug 2025
- 2025MoGA: 3D Generative Avatar Prior for Monocular Gaussian Avatar Reconstruction31 Jul 2025
- 2025PARTE: Part-Guided Texturing for 3D Human Reconstruction from a Single Image23 Jul 2025
- 2025Dream, Lift, Animate: From Single Images to Animatable Gaussian Avatars21 Jul 2025
- 2025Mastering Regional 3DGS: Locating, Initializing, and Editing with Diverse 2D Priors7 Jul 2025
- 2025SMPL Normal Map Is All You Need for Single-view Textured Human Reconstruction15 Jun 2025
- 2025AdaHuman: Animatable Detailed 3D Human Generation with Compositional Multiview Diffusion30 May 2025
- 2025SVAD: From Single Image to 3D Avatar via Synthetic Data Generation with Video Diffusion and Data Augmentation8 May 2025
- 2025Unify3D: An Augmented Holistic End-to-end Monocular 3D Human Reconstruction via Anatomy Shaping and Twins Negotiating25 Apr 2025
- 2025HumanDreamer-X: Photorealistic Single-image Human Avatars Reconstruction via Gaussian Restoration4 Apr 2025
- 2025CHROME: Clothed Human Reconstruction with Occlusion-Resilience and Multiview-Consistency from a Single Image19 Mar 2025
- 2025Simulating the Real World: A Unified Survey of Multimodal Generative Models6 Mar 2025
- 2025HumanGif: Single-View Human Diffusion with Generative Prior17 Feb 2025
- 2025Disentangled Clothed Avatar Generation with Layered Representation8 Jan 2025
- 2024PERSE: Personalized 3D Generative Avatars from A Single Portrait30 Dec 2024
- 2024Gen-3Diffusion: Realistic Image-to-3D Generation via 2D & 3D Diffusion Synergy9 Dec 2024
- 2024FOF-X: Towards Real-time Detailed Human Reconstruction from a Single Image8 Dec 2024
- 2024AIpparel: A Multimodal Foundation Model for Digital Garments5 Dec 2024
- 2024MultiGO: Towards Multi-level Geometry Learning for Monocular 3D Textured Human Reconstruction4 Dec 2024
- 2024AniGS: Animatable Gaussian Avatar from a Single Image with Inconsistent Gaussian Reconstruction3 Dec 2024
- 2024GeneMAN: Generalizable Single-Image 3D Human Reconstruction from Multi-Source Human Data27 Nov 2024
- 2024Diffusion Models in 3D Vision: A Survey7 Oct 2024
- 2024PSHuman: Photorealistic Single-image 3D Human Reconstruction using Cross-Scale Multiview Diffusion and Explicit Remeshing16 Sep 2024
- 2024DEGAS: Detailed Expressions on Full-Body Gaussian Avatars20 Aug 2024
- 2024MeshAvatar: Learning High-quality Triangular Human Avatars from Multi-view Videos11 Jul 2024
- 2024Human-3Diffusion: Realistic Avatar Creation via Explicit 3D Consistent Diffusion Models12 Jun 2024
- 2024Generalizable Human Gaussians from Single-View Image10 Jun 2024
- 2024GarmentCodeData: A Dataset of 3D Made-to-Measure Garments With Sewing Patterns27 May 2024
- 20244D-DRESS: A 4D Dataset of Real-world Human Clothing with Semantic Annotations29 Apr 2024
- 2024InstructHumans: Editing Animated 3D Human Textures with Instructions5 Apr 2024
- 2024Design2Cloth: 3D Cloth Generation from 2D Masks3 Apr 2024
- 2024UV Gaussians: Joint Learning of Mesh Deformation and Gaussian Textures for Human Avatar Modeling18 Mar 2024
- 2024NECA: Neural Customizable Human Avatar15 Mar 2024
- 2024SplattingAvatar: Realistic Real-Time Human Avatars with Mesh-Embedded Gaussian Splatting8 Mar 2024
- 2024PEGASUS: Personalized Generative 3D Avatars with Composable Attributes16 Feb 2024
- 2023Joint2Human: High-quality 3D Human Generation via Compact Spherical Embedding of 3D Joints14 Dec 2023
- 2023Animate Anyone: Consistent and Controllable Image-to-Video Synthesis for Character Animation28 Nov 2023
50 newest of 54 All 54 (JSON)
- 2023Animate Anyone: Consistent and Controllable Image-to-Video Synthesis for Character Animationcited by 683
- 2023HumanNorm: Learning Normal Diffusion Model for High-quality and Realistic 3D Human Generationcited by 88
- 2023SiTH: Single-view Textured Human Reconstruction with Image-Conditioned Diffusioncited by 72
- 2024Human-3Diffusion: Realistic Avatar Creation via Explicit 3D Consistent Diffusion Modelscited by 44
- 2024Gen-3Diffusion: Realistic Image-to-3D Generation via 2D & 3D Diffusion Synergycited by 16
- 2024Diffusion Models in 3D Vision: A Surveycited by 11
- 2025MoGA: 3D Generative Avatar Prior for Monocular Gaussian Avatar Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2025HumanGif: Single-View Human Diffusion with Generative Priorcited by 7
- 2024GeneMAN: Generalizable Single-Image 3D Human Reconstruction from Multi-Source Human Datacited by 6
- 2025Dream, Lift, Animate: From Single Images to Animatable Gaussian Avatarscited by 4
- 2025SVAD: From Single Image to 3D Avatar via Synthetic Data Generation with Video Diffusion and Data Augmentationcited by 2
- 2026Direct Reward Fine-Tuning on Poses for Single Image to 3D Human in the Wildcited by 0
- 2026Direct Reward Fine-Tuning on Poses for Single Image to 3D Human in the Wild3 Mar 2026
- 2025MoGA: 3D Generative Avatar Prior for Monocular Gaussian Avatar Reconstruction31 Jul 2025
- 2025Dream, Lift, Animate: From Single Images to Animatable Gaussian Avatars21 Jul 2025
- 2025SVAD: From Single Image to 3D Avatar via Synthetic Data Generation with Video Diffusion and Data Augmentation8 May 2025
- 2025HumanGif: Single-View Human Diffusion with Generative Prior17 Feb 2025
- 2024Gen-3Diffusion: Realistic Image-to-3D Generation via 2D & 3D Diffusion Synergy9 Dec 2024
- 2024GeneMAN: Generalizable Single-Image 3D Human Reconstruction from Multi-Source Human Data27 Nov 2024
- 2024Diffusion Models in 3D Vision: A Survey7 Oct 2024
- 2024Human-3Diffusion: Realistic Avatar Creation via Explicit 3D Consistent Diffusion Models12 Jun 2024
- 2023Animate Anyone: Consistent and Controllable Image-to-Video Synthesis for Character Animation28 Nov 2023
- 2023SiTH: Single-view Textured Human Reconstruction with Image-Conditioned Diffusion27 Nov 2023
- 2023HumanNorm: Learning Normal Diffusion Model for High-quality and Realistic 3D Human Generation2 Oct 2023
- 2024SplattingAvatar: Realistic Real-Time Human Avatars with Mesh-Embedded Gaussian Splattingcited by 171
- 20244D-DRESS: A 4D Dataset of Real-world Human Clothing with Semantic Annotationscited by 51
- 2024AniGS: Animatable Gaussian Avatar from a Single Image with Inconsistent Gaussian Reconstructioncited by 36
- 2024MeshAvatar: Learning High-quality Triangular Human Avatars from Multi-view Videoscited by 34
- 2024Generalizable Human Gaussians from Single-View Imagecited by 29
- 2023Animatable and Relightable Gaussians for High-fidelity Human Avatar Modelingcited by 27
- 2024GarmentCodeData: A Dataset of 3D Made-to-Measure Garments With Sewing Patternscited by 27
- 2024PSHuman: Photorealistic Single-image 3D Human Reconstruction using Cross-Scale Multiview Diffusion and Explicit Remeshingcited by 23
- 2024UV Gaussians: Joint Learning of Mesh Deformation and Gaussian Textures for Human Avatar Modelingcited by 17
- 2024PERSE: Personalized 3D Generative Avatars from A Single Portraitcited by 15
- 2025Simulating the Real World: A Unified Survey of Multimodal Generative Modelscited by 14
- 2025HumanDreamer-X: Photorealistic Single-image Human Avatars Reconstruction via Gaussian Restorationcited by 13
12 most cited of 42 All 42 (JSON)
- 2026Revisiting Avatar-As-Image: High-Fidelity Registration is All You Need10 Sep 2026
- 2026DAMA: Disentangled Body-Anchored Gaussians for Controllable Multi-Layered Avatars20 May 2026
- 2026OmniFit: Multi-modal 3D Body Fitting via Scale-agnostic Dense Landmark Prediction23 Apr 2026
- 2026Human Interaction-Aware 3D Reconstruction from a Single Image7 Apr 2026
- 2026OAHuman: Occlusion-Aware 3D Human Reconstruction from Monocular Images15 Mar 2026
- 2026MultiGO++: Monocular 3D Clothed Human Reconstruction via Geometry-Texture Collaboration5 Mar 2026
- 2026Gaussian Wardrobe: Compositional 3D Gaussian Avatars for Free-Form Virtual Try-On4 Mar 2026
- 2026Human Video Generation from a Single Image with 3D Pose and View Control24 Feb 2026
- 2026Joint Geometry-Appearance Human Reconstruction in a Unified Latent Space via Bridge Diffusion1 Jan 2026
- 2025SyncHuman: Synchronizing 2D and 3D Generative Models for Single-view Human Reconstruction9 Oct 2025
- 2025UP2You: Fast Reconstruction of Yourself from Unconstrained Photo Collections29 Sep 2025
- 2025Snap-Snap: Taking Two Images to Reconstruct 3D Human Gaussians in Milliseconds20 Aug 2025
12 newest of 42 All 42 (JSON)