mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

LEAP: Learning Articulated Occupancy of People

arXiv 2104.06849 ↗First posted 14 Apr 2021cs.CV cs.AIcited by 107

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Abstract (arXiv)

Substantial progress has been made on modeling rigid 3D objects using deep implicit representations. Yet, extending these methods to learn neural models of human shape is still in its infancy. Human bodies are complex and the key challenge is to learn a representation that generalizes such that it can express body shape deformations for unseen subjects in unseen, highly-articulated, poses. To address this challenge, we introduce LEAP (LEarning Articulated occupancy of People), a novel neural occupancy representation of the human body. Given a set of bone transformations (i.e. joint locations and rotations) and a query point in space, LEAP first maps the query point to a canonical space via learned linear blend skinning (LBS) functions and then efficiently queries the occupancy value via an occupancy network that models accurate identity- and pose-dependent deformations in the canonical space. Experiments show that our canonicalized occupancy estimation with the learned LBS functions greatly improves the generalization capability of the learned occupancy representation across various human shapes and poses, outperforming existing solutions in all settings.

Key facts. Cited by 107 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Apr 2021.

Builds on

40 of 75 references.

References · 40

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  2. 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
  3. 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,682
  4. 2020Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functionscited by 2,214
  5. 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,037
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  10. 2020Convolutional Occupancy Networkscited by 760
  11. 2020Implicit Geometric Regularization for Learning Shapescited by 707
  12. 2019Differentiable Volumetric Rendering: Learning Implicit 3D Representations without 3D Supervisioncited by 699
28 more
  1. 2019Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-fitting in the Loopcited by 625
  2. 2020PIFuHD: Multi-Level Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution 3D Human Digitizationcited by 521
  3. 2019SAL: Sign Agnostic Learning of Shapes from Raw Datacited by 389
  4. 2020Implicit Functions in Feature Space for 3D Shape Reconstruction and Completioncited by 343
  5. 2016A Learned Representation For Artistic Stylecited by 340
  6. 2019DISN: Deep Implicit Surface Network for High-quality Single-view 3D Reconstructioncited by 332
  7. 2020Deep Local Shapes: Learning Local SDF Priors for Detailed 3D Reconstructioncited by 321
  8. 2019Resolving 3D Human Pose Ambiguities with 3D Scene Constraintscited by 294
  9. 2019Convolutional Mesh Regression for Single-Image Human Shape Reconstructioncited by 270
  10. 2020Neural Unsigned Distance Fields for Implicit Function Learningcited by 265
  11. 2020ARCH: Animatable Reconstruction of Clothed Humanscited by 257
  12. 2020STAR: Sparse Trained Articulated Human Body Regressorcited by 194
  13. 2021SCANimate: Weakly Supervised Learning of Skinned Clothed Avatar Networkscited by 181
  14. 2020Grasping Field: Learning Implicit Representations for Human Graspscited by 178
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  16. 2020Coherent Reconstruction of Multiple Humans from a Single Imagecited by 136
  17. 2019Generating 3D People in Scenes without Peoplecited by 127
  18. 2015Capturing Hands in Action using Discriminative Salient Points and Physics Simulationcited by 115
  19. 2020SALD: Sign Agnostic Learning with Derivativescited by 115
  20. 2020LoopReg: Self-supervised Learning of Implicit Surface Correspondences, Pose and Shape for 3D Human Mesh Registrationcited by 108
  21. 2019Structured Prediction Helps 3D Human Motion Modellingcited by 96
  22. 2020Hierarchical Kinematic Human Mesh Recoverycited by 71
  23. 2016Deep Kinematic Pose Regressioncited by 40
  24. 2016Deep Roots: Improving CNN Efficiency with Hierarchical Filter Groupscited by 32
  25. 2019Learning Multi-Human Optical Flowcited by 26
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  27. 2019Learning to Train with Synthetic Humanscited by 14
  28. 2020DeepSurfels: Learning Online Appearance Fusioncited by 13

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 22; 2022: 30; 2023: 32; 2024: 13; 2025: 8; 2026: 2.

107 papers.

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  1. 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 539
  2. 2022HumanNeRF: Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving People from Monocular Videocited by 483
  3. 2021I M Avatar: Implicit Morphable Head Avatars from Videoscited by 230
  4. 20233DGS-Avatar: Animatable Avatars via Deformable 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 195
  5. 2021Shape As Points: A Differentiable Poisson Solvercited by 186
  6. 2023GauHuman: Articulated Gaussian Splatting from Monocular Human Videoscited by 168
  7. 2021H-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Rendering and Temporal Reconstruction of Humans in Motioncited by 157
  8. 2022ARAH: Animatable Volume Rendering of Articulated Human SDFscited by 139
  9. 2022InstantAvatar: Learning Avatars from Monocular Video in 60 Secondscited by 138
  10. 2022Photorealistic Monocular 3D Reconstruction of Humans Wearing Clothingcited by 126
  11. 2023ASH: Animatable Gaussian Splats for Efficient and Photoreal Human Renderingcited by 104
  12. 2022Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Surveycited by 103
38 more
  1. 2021Neural-GIF: Neural Generalized Implicit Functions for Animating People in Clothingcited by 102
  2. 2021imGHUM: Implicit Generative Models of 3D Human Shape and Articulated Posecited by 102
  3. 2023SINE: Semantic-driven Image-based NeRF Editing with Prior-guided Editing Fieldcited by 93
  4. 2021The Power of Points for Modeling Humans in Clothingcited by 90
  5. 2022Pose-NDF: Modeling Human Pose Manifolds with Neural Distance Fieldscited by 85
  6. 2022SNUG: Self-Supervised Neural Dynamic Garmentscited by 83
  7. 2022Capturing and Animation of Body and Clothing from Monocular Videocited by 83
  8. 2023AvatarReX: Real-time Expressive Full-body Avatarscited by 83
  9. 2021MetaAvatar: Learning Animatable Clothed Human Models from Few Depth Imagescited by 78
  10. 2022KeypointNeRF: Generalizing Image-based Volumetric Avatars using Relative Spatial Encoding of Keypointscited by 77
  11. 2021MobRecon: Mobile-Friendly Hand Mesh Reconstruction from Monocular Imagecited by 74
  12. 2021SCALE: Modeling Clothed Humans with a Surface Codec of Articulated Local Elementscited by 72
  13. 2022gDNA: Towards Generative Detailed Neural Avatarscited by 72
  14. 2025ArtGS: Building Interactable Replicas of Complex Articulated Objects via Gaussian Splattingcited by 67
  15. 2022NeMF: Neural Motion Fields for Kinematic Animationcited by 66
  16. 2023X-Avatar: Expressive Human Avatarscited by 66
  17. 2021CoNeRF: Controllable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 65
  18. 2022LISA: Learning Implicit Shape and Appearance of Handscited by 63
  19. 2022COAP: Compositional Articulated Occupancy of Peoplecited by 59
  20. 2022AvatarCLIP: Zero-Shot Text-Driven Generation and Animation of 3D Avatarscited by 55
  21. 2022Fast-SNARF: A Fast Deformer for Articulated Neural Fieldscited by 55
  22. 2023ContactGen: Generative Contact Modeling for Grasp Generationcited by 52
  23. 2022Self-supervised Neural Articulated Shape and Appearance Modelscited by 51
  24. 2021A Skeleton-Driven Neural Occupancy Representation for Articulated Handscited by 50
  25. 2022Learning Implicit Templates for Point-Based Clothed Human Modelingcited by 50
  26. 2023PoseVocab: Learning Joint-structured Pose Embeddings for Human Avatar Modelingcited by 50
  27. 2024REACTO: Reconstructing Articulated Objects from a Single Videocited by 45
  28. 2021Locally Aware Piecewise Transformation Fields for 3D Human Mesh Registrationcited by 41
  29. 2022Hand Avatar: Free-Pose Hand Animation and Rendering from Monocular Videocited by 37
  30. 2022CASA: Category-agnostic Skeletal Animal Reconstructioncited by 35
  31. 2024MeshAvatar: Learning High-quality Triangular Human Avatars from Multi-view Videoscited by 34
  32. 2021HVTR: Hybrid Volumetric-Textural Rendering for Human Avatarscited by 33
  33. 2022Animatable Implicit Neural Representations for Creating Realistic Avatars from Videoscited by 33
  34. 2023Probabilistic Human Mesh Recovery in 3D Scenes from Egocentric Viewscited by 33
  35. 2023Human101: Training 100+FPS Human Gaussians in 100s from 1 Viewcited by 32
  36. 2022SPAMs: Structured Implicit Parametric Modelscited by 29
  37. 2022HARP: Personalized Hand Reconstruction from a Monocular RGB Videocited by 28
  38. 2023Animatable and Relightable Gaussians for High-fidelity Human Avatar Modelingcited by 27

50 most cited of 107 All 107 (JSON)