NPGA: Neural Parametric Gaussian Avatars
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Abstract (arXiv)
The creation of high-fidelity, digital versions of human heads is an important stepping stone in the process of further integrating virtual components into our everyday lives. Constructing such avatars is a challenging research problem, due to a high demand for photo-realism and real-time rendering performance. In this work, we propose Neural Parametric Gaussian Avatars (NPGA), a data-driven approach to create high-fidelity, controllable avatars from multi-view video recordings. We build our method around 3D Gaussian splatting for its highly efficient rendering and to inherit the topological flexibility of point clouds. In contrast to previous work, we condition our avatars' dynamics on the rich expression space of neural parametric head models (NPHM), instead of mesh-based 3DMMs. To this end, we distill the backward deformation field of our underlying NPHM into forward deformations which are compatible with rasterization-based rendering. All remaining fine-scale, expression-dependent details are learned from the multi-view videos. For increased representational capacity of our avatars, we propose per-Gaussian latent features that condition each primitives dynamic behavior. To regularize this increased dynamic expressivity, we propose Laplacian terms on the latent features and predicted dynamics. We evaluate our method on the public NeRSemble dataset, demonstrating that NPGA significantly outperforms the previous state-of-the-art avatars on the self-reenactment task by 2.6 PSNR. Furthermore, we demonstrate accurate animation capabilities from real-world monocular videos.
Key facts. Cited by 46 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 May 2024.
Builds on
32 of 57 references.
References · 32
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
- 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,600
- 2020Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,194
- 2020Convolutional Occupancy Networkscited by 760
- 2023Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 753
- 2023Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 731
- 2020Face2Face: Real-time Face Capture and Reenactment of RGB Videoscited by 631
- 2021Mixture of Volumetric Primitives for Efficient Neural Renderingcited by 277
- 2018Deep Video Portraitscited by 265
- 2023GaussianAvatars: Photorealistic Head Avatars with Rigged 3D Gaussianscited by 256
20 more
- 2021SNARF: Differentiable Forward Skinning for Animating Non-Rigid Neural Implicit Shapescited by 221
- 2022Tensor4D : Efficient Neural 4D Decomposition for High-fidelity Dynamic Reconstruction and Renderingcited by 217
- 2021HyperNeRF: A Higher-Dimensional Representation for Topologically Varying Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 210
- 2021BANMo: Building Animatable 3D Neural Models from Many Casual Videoscited by 195
- 2023NeRSemble: Multi-view Radiance Field Reconstruction of Human Headscited by 190
- 2021SCANimate: Weakly Supervised Learning of Skinned Clothed Avatar Networkscited by 181
- 2019Neural Volumes: Learning Dynamic Renderable Volumes from Imagescited by 173
- 2023HyperReel: High-Fidelity 6-DoF Video with Ray-Conditioned Samplingcited by 173
- 2023HumanRF: High-Fidelity Neural Radiance Fields for Humans in Motioncited by 161
- 2022RigNeRF: Fully Controllable Neural 3D Portraitscited by 126
- 2020i3DMM: Deep Implicit 3D Morphable Model of Human Headscited by 109
- 2022FaceVerse: a Fine-grained and Detail-controllable 3D Face Morphable Model from a Hybrid Datasetcited by 98
- 2022Multiface: A Dataset for Neural Face Renderingcited by 87
- 2022Fast-SNARF: A Fast Deformer for Articulated Neural Fieldscited by 55
- 2023FaceTalk: Audio-Driven Motion Diffusion for Neural Parametric Head Modelscited by 55
- 2023LatentAvatar: Learning Latent Expression Code for Expressive Neural Head Avatarcited by 50
- 2023RenderMe-360: A Large Digital Asset Library and Benchmarks Towards High-fidelity Head Avatarscited by 45
- 2023HAvatar: High-fidelity Head Avatar via Facial Model Conditioned Neural Radiance Fieldcited by 37
- 2023MonoNPHM: Dynamic Head Reconstruction from Monocular Videoscited by 35
- 2023HACK: Learning a Parametric Head and Neck Model for High-fidelity Animationcited by 7
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 24; 2026: 17.
46 papers.
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- 2025Avat3r: Large Animatable Gaussian Reconstruction Model for High-fidelity 3D Head Avatarscited by 52
- 2024HeadGAP: Few-Shot 3D Head Avatar via Generalizable Gaussian Priorscited by 44
- 2024GAF: Gaussian Avatar Reconstruction from Monocular Videos via Multi-view Diffusioncited by 36
- 2025HRAvatar: High-Quality and Relightable Gaussian Head Avatarcited by 24
- 2024SurFhead: Affine Rig Blending for Geometrically Accurate 2D Gaussian Surfel Head Avatarscited by 15
- 2025Synthetic Prior for Few-Shot Drivable Head Avatar Inversioncited by 14
- 2025Articulated Kinematics Distillation from Video Diffusion Modelscited by 13
- 20253D Gaussian Head Avatars with Expressive Dynamic Appearances by Compact Tensorial Representationscited by 13
- 2025ScaffoldAvatar: High-Fidelity Gaussian Avatars with Patch Expressionscited by 12
- 2024Gaussian Deja-vu: Creating Controllable 3D Gaussian Head-Avatars with Enhanced Generalization and Personalization Abilitiescited by 10
- 2025SHeaP: Self-Supervised Head Geometry Predictor Learned via 2D Gaussianscited by 8
- 2024GASP: Gaussian Avatars with Synthetic Priorscited by 7
34 more
- 2025HairCUP: Hair Compositional Universal Prior for 3D Gaussian Avatarscited by 7
- 2025FastAvatar: Instant 3D Gaussian Splatting for Faces from Single Unconstrained Posescited by 7
- 2025BecomingLit: Relightable Gaussian Avatars with Hybrid Neural Shadingcited by 6
- 2025Audio-Driven Universal Gaussian Head Avatarscited by 6
- 2025PercHead: Perceptual Head Model for Single-Image 3D Head Reconstruction & Editingcited by 6
- 2025GHOST 2.0: generative high-fidelity one shot transfer of headscited by 4
- 2025TeGA: Texture Space Gaussian Avatars for High-Resolution Dynamic Head Modelingcited by 4
- 2026FastGHA: Generalized Few-Shot 3D Gaussian Head Avatars with Real-Time Animationcited by 4
- 2025AvatarMakeup: Realistic Makeup Transfer for 3D Animatable Head Avatarscited by 3
- 2025STAvatar: Soft Binding and Temporal Density Control for Monocular 3D Head Avatars Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2025AGORA: Adversarial Generation Of Real-time Animatable 3D Gaussian Head Avatarscited by 3
- 2025Text-based Animatable 3D Avatars with Morphable Model Alignmentcited by 2
- 2025TexAvatars : Hybrid Texel-3D Representations for Stable Rigging of Photorealistic Gaussian Head Avatarscited by 2
- 2026PhysHead: Simulation-Ready Gaussian Head Avatarscited by 2
- 2025LightHeadEd: Relightable & Editable Head Avatars from a Smartphonecited by 1
- 2025AvatarBack: Back-Head Generation for Complete 3D Avatars from Front-View Imagescited by 1
- 2025ArchitectHead: Continuous Level of Detail Control for 3D Gaussian Head Avatarscited by 1
- 2025Pix2NPHM: Learning to Regress NPHM Reconstructions From a Single Imagecited by 1
- 2026LegacyAvatars: Volumetric Face Avatars For Traditional Graphics Pipelinescited by 1
- 2026Feed-forward Gaussian Registration for Head Avatar Creation and Editingcited by 1
- 2026Registration-Free Learnable Multi-View Capture of Faces in Dense Semantic Correspondencecited by 1
- 2026Multi-view Consistent 3D Gaussian Head Avatars 'without' Multi-view Generationcited by 1
- 2025Instant Expressive Gaussian Head Avatars at Over 100 FPScited by 0
- 2026GaussianSwap: Animatable Video Face Swapping with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026Representing 3D Faces with Learnable B-Spline Volumescited by 0
- 2026Giving Faces Their Feelings Back: Explicit Emotion Control for Feedforward Single-Image 3D Head Avatarscited by 0
- 2026Splatshot: 3D Face Avatar Generation from a Single Unconstrained Photocited by 0
- 2026SpatialAvatar-0: High-Quality 4D Head Avatar with Multi-Stage Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026FiCA: Feed-forward instant Gaussian Codec Avatars from a Single Portrait Imagecited by 0
- 2026GNM Head: A Generative aNthropometric Model of the human headcited by 0
- 2026Head Avatars with Dynamic Explicit Haircited by 0
- 2026S-Avatar: Diffusion-Guided Gaussian Head Avatars from a Single Imagecited by 0
- 2026FaceSnap: Real-Time Personalized Lightstage Facial Performance Capturecited by 0
- 2026One Basis to Animate Them All: Gaussian Blendshape Distillation for Real-Time Avatarscited by 0
- 2026One Basis to Animate Them All: Gaussian Blendshape Distillation for Real-Time Avatars1 Oct 2026
- 2026FaceSnap: Real-Time Personalized Lightstage Facial Performance Capture31 Aug 2026
- 2026S-Avatar: Diffusion-Guided Gaussian Head Avatars from a Single Image30 Jul 2026
- 2026Head Avatars with Dynamic Explicit Hair26 Jul 2026
- 2026GNM Head: A Generative aNthropometric Model of the human head26 Jul 2026
- 2026FiCA: Feed-forward instant Gaussian Codec Avatars from a Single Portrait Image23 Jun 2026
- 2026SpatialAvatar-0: High-Quality 4D Head Avatar with Multi-Stage Reconstruction14 Jun 2026
- 2026Splatshot: 3D Face Avatar Generation from a Single Unconstrained Photo31 May 2026
- 2026Multi-view Consistent 3D Gaussian Head Avatars 'without' Multi-view Generation24 May 2026
- 2026Registration-Free Learnable Multi-View Capture of Faces in Dense Semantic Correspondence2 May 2026
- 2026Giving Faces Their Feelings Back: Explicit Emotion Control for Feedforward Single-Image 3D Head Avatars16 Apr 2026
- 2026Representing 3D Faces with Learnable B-Spline Volumes14 Apr 2026
34 more
- 2026PhysHead: Simulation-Ready Gaussian Head Avatars7 Apr 2026
- 2026Feed-forward Gaussian Registration for Head Avatar Creation and Editing16 Mar 2026
- 2026FastGHA: Generalized Few-Shot 3D Gaussian Head Avatars with Real-Time Animation20 Jan 2026
- 2026LegacyAvatars: Volumetric Face Avatars For Traditional Graphics Pipelines18 Jan 2026
- 2026GaussianSwap: Animatable Video Face Swapping with 3D Gaussian Splatting9 Jan 2026
- 2025TexAvatars : Hybrid Texel-3D Representations for Stable Rigging of Photorealistic Gaussian Head Avatars24 Dec 2025
- 2025Pix2NPHM: Learning to Regress NPHM Reconstructions From a Single Image19 Dec 2025
- 2025Instant Expressive Gaussian Head Avatars at Over 100 FPS18 Dec 2025
- 2025AGORA: Adversarial Generation Of Real-time Animatable 3D Gaussian Head Avatars6 Dec 2025
- 2025STAvatar: Soft Binding and Temporal Density Control for Monocular 3D Head Avatars Reconstruction25 Nov 2025
- 2025PercHead: Perceptual Head Model for Single-Image 3D Head Reconstruction & Editing4 Nov 2025
- 2025ArchitectHead: Continuous Level of Detail Control for 3D Gaussian Head Avatars7 Oct 2025
- 2025Audio-Driven Universal Gaussian Head Avatars23 Sep 2025
- 2025AvatarBack: Back-Head Generation for Complete 3D Avatars from Front-View Images28 Aug 2025
- 2025FastAvatar: Instant 3D Gaussian Splatting for Faces from Single Unconstrained Poses25 Aug 2025
- 2025HairCUP: Hair Compositional Universal Prior for 3D Gaussian Avatars25 Jul 2025
- 2025ScaffoldAvatar: High-Fidelity Gaussian Avatars with Patch Expressions14 Jul 2025
- 2025AvatarMakeup: Realistic Makeup Transfer for 3D Animatable Head Avatars3 Jul 2025
- 2025BecomingLit: Relightable Gaussian Avatars with Hybrid Neural Shading6 Jun 2025
- 2025TeGA: Texture Space Gaussian Avatars for High-Resolution Dynamic Head Modeling8 May 2025
- 2025Text-based Animatable 3D Avatars with Morphable Model Alignment22 Apr 2025
- 20253D Gaussian Head Avatars with Expressive Dynamic Appearances by Compact Tensorial Representations21 Apr 2025
- 2025SHeaP: Self-Supervised Head Geometry Predictor Learned via 2D Gaussians16 Apr 2025
- 2025LightHeadEd: Relightable & Editable Head Avatars from a Smartphone13 Apr 2025
- 2025Articulated Kinematics Distillation from Video Diffusion Models1 Apr 2025
- 2025HRAvatar: High-Quality and Relightable Gaussian Head Avatar11 Mar 2025
- 2025Avat3r: Large Animatable Gaussian Reconstruction Model for High-fidelity 3D Head Avatars27 Feb 2025
- 2025GHOST 2.0: generative high-fidelity one shot transfer of heads25 Feb 2025
- 2025Synthetic Prior for Few-Shot Drivable Head Avatar Inversion12 Jan 2025
- 2024GAF: Gaussian Avatar Reconstruction from Monocular Videos via Multi-view Diffusion13 Dec 2024
- 2024GASP: Gaussian Avatars with Synthetic Priors10 Dec 2024
- 2024SurFhead: Affine Rig Blending for Geometrically Accurate 2D Gaussian Surfel Head Avatars15 Oct 2024
- 2024Gaussian Deja-vu: Creating Controllable 3D Gaussian Head-Avatars with Enhanced Generalization and Personalization Abilities23 Sep 2024
- 2024HeadGAP: Few-Shot 3D Head Avatar via Generalizable Gaussian Priors12 Aug 2024
- 2024GAF: Gaussian Avatar Reconstruction from Monocular Videos via Multi-view Diffusioncited by 36
- 2025Articulated Kinematics Distillation from Video Diffusion Modelscited by 13
- 2025AvatarMakeup: Realistic Makeup Transfer for 3D Animatable Head Avatarscited by 3
- 2025Text-based Animatable 3D Avatars with Morphable Model Alignmentcited by 2
- 2025Instant Expressive Gaussian Head Avatars at Over 100 FPScited by 0
- 2026Splatshot: 3D Face Avatar Generation from a Single Unconstrained Photocited by 0
- 2026FiCA: Feed-forward instant Gaussian Codec Avatars from a Single Portrait Imagecited by 0
- 2026FiCA: Feed-forward instant Gaussian Codec Avatars from a Single Portrait Image23 Jun 2026
- 2026Splatshot: 3D Face Avatar Generation from a Single Unconstrained Photo31 May 2026
- 2025Instant Expressive Gaussian Head Avatars at Over 100 FPS18 Dec 2025
- 2025AvatarMakeup: Realistic Makeup Transfer for 3D Animatable Head Avatars3 Jul 2025
- 2025Text-based Animatable 3D Avatars with Morphable Model Alignment22 Apr 2025
- 2025Articulated Kinematics Distillation from Video Diffusion Models1 Apr 2025
- 2024GAF: Gaussian Avatar Reconstruction from Monocular Videos via Multi-view Diffusion13 Dec 2024
- 2025Avat3r: Large Animatable Gaussian Reconstruction Model for High-fidelity 3D Head Avatarscited by 52
- 2024HeadGAP: Few-Shot 3D Head Avatar via Generalizable Gaussian Priorscited by 44
- 2025HRAvatar: High-Quality and Relightable Gaussian Head Avatarcited by 24
- 2024SurFhead: Affine Rig Blending for Geometrically Accurate 2D Gaussian Surfel Head Avatarscited by 15
- 2025Synthetic Prior for Few-Shot Drivable Head Avatar Inversioncited by 14
- 20253D Gaussian Head Avatars with Expressive Dynamic Appearances by Compact Tensorial Representationscited by 13
- 2025ScaffoldAvatar: High-Fidelity Gaussian Avatars with Patch Expressionscited by 12
- 2024Gaussian Deja-vu: Creating Controllable 3D Gaussian Head-Avatars with Enhanced Generalization and Personalization Abilitiescited by 10
- 2025SHeaP: Self-Supervised Head Geometry Predictor Learned via 2D Gaussianscited by 8
- 2024GASP: Gaussian Avatars with Synthetic Priorscited by 7
- 2025HairCUP: Hair Compositional Universal Prior for 3D Gaussian Avatarscited by 7
- 2025FastAvatar: Instant 3D Gaussian Splatting for Faces from Single Unconstrained Posescited by 7
12 most cited of 39 All 39 (JSON)
- 2026One Basis to Animate Them All: Gaussian Blendshape Distillation for Real-Time Avatars1 Oct 2026
- 2026FaceSnap: Real-Time Personalized Lightstage Facial Performance Capture31 Aug 2026
- 2026S-Avatar: Diffusion-Guided Gaussian Head Avatars from a Single Image30 Jul 2026
- 2026Head Avatars with Dynamic Explicit Hair26 Jul 2026
- 2026GNM Head: A Generative aNthropometric Model of the human head26 Jul 2026
- 2026SpatialAvatar-0: High-Quality 4D Head Avatar with Multi-Stage Reconstruction14 Jun 2026
- 2026Multi-view Consistent 3D Gaussian Head Avatars 'without' Multi-view Generation24 May 2026
- 2026Registration-Free Learnable Multi-View Capture of Faces in Dense Semantic Correspondence2 May 2026
- 2026Giving Faces Their Feelings Back: Explicit Emotion Control for Feedforward Single-Image 3D Head Avatars16 Apr 2026
- 2026Representing 3D Faces with Learnable B-Spline Volumes14 Apr 2026
- 2026PhysHead: Simulation-Ready Gaussian Head Avatars7 Apr 2026
- 2026Feed-forward Gaussian Registration for Head Avatar Creation and Editing16 Mar 2026
12 newest of 39 All 39 (JSON)