mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

RadSplat: Radiance Field-Informed Gaussian Splatting for Robust Real-Time Rendering with 900+ FPS

arXiv 2403.13806 ↗First posted 20 Mar 2024cs.CV cs.GRcited by 113

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances in view synthesis and real-time rendering have achieved photorealistic quality at impressive rendering speeds. While Radiance Field-based methods achieve state-of-the-art quality in challenging scenarios such as in-the-wild captures and large-scale scenes, they often suffer from excessively high compute requirements linked to volumetric rendering. Gaussian Splatting-based methods, on the other hand, rely on rasterization and naturally achieve real-time rendering but suffer from brittle optimization heuristics that underperform on more challenging scenes. In this work, we present RadSplat, a lightweight method for robust real-time rendering of complex scenes. Our main contributions are threefold. First, we use radiance fields as a prior and supervision signal for optimizing point-based scene representations, leading to improved quality and more robust optimization. Next, we develop a novel pruning technique reducing the overall point count while maintaining high quality, leading to smaller and more compact scene representations with faster inference speeds. Finally, we propose a novel test-time filtering approach that further accelerates rendering and allows to scale to larger, house-sized scenes. We find that our method enables state-of-the-art synthesis of complex captures at 900+ FPS.

Key facts. Cited by 113 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 73 of its 93 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Mar 2024.

Builds on

73 of 93 references.

References · 73

  1. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
  2. 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,248
  3. 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,401
  4. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
  5. 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusioncited by 3,025
  6. 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,689
  7. 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,041
  8. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,032
  9. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,613
  10. 2022Magic3D: High-Resolution Text-to-3D Content Creationcited by 1,290
  11. 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,232
  12. 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,205
38 more
  1. 2020Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,198
  2. 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 1,157
  3. 2018Learning Implicit Fields for Generative Shape Modelingcited by 1,060
  4. 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 996
  5. 2021PlenOctrees for Real-time Rendering of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 905
  6. 2019Scene Representation Networks: Continuous 3D-Structure-Aware Neural Scene Representationscited by 864
  7. 2023DreamGaussian: Generative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Content Creationcited by 843
  8. 2020GIRAFFE: Representing Scenes as Compositional Generative Neural Feature Fieldscited by 785
  9. 2020Convolutional Occupancy Networkscited by 761
  10. 2019Differentiable Volumetric Rendering: Learning Implicit 3D Representations without 3D Supervisioncited by 700
  11. 2020GRAF: Generative Radiance Fields for 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 689
  12. 2021KiloNeRF: Speeding up Neural Radiance Fields with Thousands of Tiny MLPscited by 673
  13. 2023Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 671
  14. 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 667
  15. 2018Pixel2Mesh: Generating 3D Mesh Models from Single RGB Imagescited by 651
  16. 2021UNISURF: Unifying Neural Implicit Surfaces and Radiance Fields for Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 646
  17. 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 540
  18. 2018AtlasNet: A Papier-Mach'e Approach to Learning 3D Surface Generationcited by 539
  19. 2021FastNeRF: High-Fidelity Neural Rendering at 200FPScited by 511
  20. 2021Baking Neural Radiance Fields for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 468
  21. 2023Neuralangelo: High-Fidelity Neural Surface Reconstructioncited by 467
  22. 2023LightGaussian: Unbounded 3D Gaussian Compression with 15x Reduction and 200+ FPScited by 436
  23. 2023Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 415
  24. 2023LangSplat: 3D Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 415
  25. 2023Compact 3D Gaussian Representation for Radiance Fieldcited by 372
  26. 2019SynSin: End-to-end View Synthesis from a Single Imagecited by 364
  27. 2022MobileNeRF: Exploiting the Polygon Rasterization Pipeline for Efficient Neural Field Rendering on Mobile Architecturescited by 311
  28. 2023LucidDreamer: Towards High-Fidelity Text-to-3D Generation via Interval Score Matchingcited by 290
  29. 2023GS-SLAM: Dense Visual SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 278
  30. 2023GaussianAvatars: Photorealistic Head Avatars with Rigged 3D Gaussianscited by 260
  31. 2023GaussianDreamer: Fast Generation from Text to 3D Gaussians by Bridging 2D and 3D Diffusion Modelscited by 255
  32. 2016Volumetric and Multi-View CNNs for Object Classification on 3D Datacited by 240
  33. 2019Differentiable Surface Splatting for Point-based Geometry Processingcited by 239
  34. 2023Compressed 3D Gaussian Splatting for Accelerated Novel View Synthesiscited by 239
  35. 2023LucidDreamer: Domain-free Generation of 3D Gaussian Splatting Scenescited by 231
  36. 2023BakedSDF: Meshing Neural SDFs for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 221
  37. 2023MERF: Memory-Efficient Radiance Fields for Real-time View Synthesis in Unbounded Scenescited by 218
  38. 2021HyperNeRF: A Higher-Dimensional Representation for Topologically Varying Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 214

50 most cited of 73 All 73 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 31; 2025: 49; 2026: 33.

113 papers.

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  1. 2024Mini-Splatting: Representing Scenes with a Constrained Number of Gaussianscited by 213
  2. 2024Taming 3DGS: High-Quality Radiance Fields with Limited Resourcescited by 204
  3. 20243D Gaussian Ray Tracing: Fast Tracing of Particle Scenescited by 139
  4. 2024PUP 3D-GS: Principled Uncertainty Pruning for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 95
  5. 2024Speedy-Splat: Fast 3D Gaussian Splatting with Sparse Pixels and Sparse Primitivescited by 95
  6. 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 78
  7. 2024LP-3DGS: Learning to Prune 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 55
  8. 2024EVER: Exact Volumetric Ellipsoid Rendering for Real-time View Synthesiscited by 48
  9. 20243DGS-LM: Faster Gaussian-Splatting Optimization with Levenberg-Marquardtcited by 43
  10. 2025Swift4D:Adaptive divide-and-conquer Gaussian Splatting for compact and efficient reconstruction of dynamic scenecited by 42
  11. 2024MaskGaussian: Adaptive 3D Gaussian Representation from Probabilistic Maskscited by 41
  12. 2025Deformable Beta Splattingcited by 38
38 more
  1. 2024Efficient Perspective-Correct 3D Gaussian Splatting Using Hybrid Transparencycited by 35
  2. 2024Sparse Voxels Rasterization: Real-time High-fidelity Radiance Field Renderingcited by 35
  3. 2025Radiant Foam: Real-Time Differentiable Ray Tracingcited by 34
  4. 2024GaussianSpa: An "Optimizing-Sparsifying" Simplification Framework for Compact and High-Quality 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 29
  5. 2024FLoD: Integrating Flexible Level of Detail into 3D Gaussian Splatting for Customizable Renderingcited by 26
  6. 2024BillBoard Splatting (BBSplat): Learnable Textured Primitives for Novel View Synthesiscited by 25
  7. 2025LODGE: Level-of-Detail Large-Scale Gaussian Splatting with Efficient Renderingcited by 25
  8. 2024DDGS-CT: Direction-Disentangled Gaussian Splatting for Realistic Volume Renderingcited by 23
  9. 2024ELMGS: Enhancing memory and computation scaLability through coMpression for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 20
  10. 2024F-3DGS: Factorized Coordinates and Representations for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 19
  11. 2025Optimized Minimal 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 19
  12. 2025VRSplat: Fast and Robust Gaussian Splatting for Virtual Realitycited by 17
  13. 2026Faster-GS: Analyzing and Improving Gaussian Splatting Optimizationcited by 17
  14. 2024GSemSplat: Generalizable Semantic 3D Gaussian Splatting from Uncalibrated Image Pairscited by 15
  15. 2025NeRF Is a Valuable Assistant for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 15
  16. 2025DenseSplat: Densifying Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Neural Radiance Priorcited by 14
  17. 20251000+ FPS 4D Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 13
  18. 2024Rethinking Open-Vocabulary Segmentation of Radiance Fields in 3D Spacecited by 12
  19. 2025AAA-Gaussians: Anti-Aliased and Artifact-Free 3D Gaussian Renderingcited by 12
  20. 2024MonoGSDF: Exploring Monocular Geometric Cues for Gaussian Splatting-Guided Implicit Surface Reconstructioncited by 11
  21. 2025GaussianUpdate: Continual 3D Gaussian Splatting Update for Changing Environmentscited by 11
  22. 2025Spherical Voronoi: Directional Appearance as a Differentiable Partition of the Spherecited by 11
  23. 2025OccluGaussian: Occlusion-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Large Scene Reconstruction and Renderingcited by 10
  24. 2025Hardware-Rasterized Ray-Based Gaussian Splattingcited by 10
  25. 20253DGabSplat: 3D Gabor Splatting for Frequency-adaptive Radiance Field Renderingcited by 10
  26. 2024Evaluating Alternatives to SFM Point Cloud Initialization for Gaussian Splattingcited by 9
  27. 2024Gaussians-to-Life: Text-Driven Animation of 3D Gaussian Splatting Scenescited by 9
  28. 2025Gaussian Herding across Pens: An Optimal Transport Perspective on Global Gaussian Reduction for 3DGScited by 9
  29. 2024SPARS3R: Semantic Prior Alignment and Regularization for Sparse 3D Reconstructioncited by 8
  30. 2024SafeguardGS: 3D Gaussian Primitive Pruning While Avoiding Catastrophic Scene Destructioncited by 7
  31. 2025Decoupling Appearance Variations with 3D Consistent Features in Gaussian Splattingcited by 7
  32. 2026GaussFusion: Improving 3D Reconstruction in the Wild with A Geometry-Informed Video Generatorcited by 7
  33. 2024From NeRFs to Gaussian Splats, and Backcited by 6
  34. 2024Faster and Better 3D Splatting via Group Trainingcited by 6
  35. 2024Topology-Aware 3D Gaussian Splatting: Leveraging Persistent Homology for Optimized Structural Integritycited by 6
  36. 2025Can3Tok: Canonical 3D Tokenization and Latent Modeling of Scene-Level 3D Gaussianscited by 6
  37. 2025GALA: Guided Attention with Language Alignment for Open Vocabulary Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
  38. 2025Improving 3D Gaussian Splatting Compression by Scene-Adaptive Lattice Vector Quantizationcited by 6

50 most cited of 113 All 113 (JSON)