Compressed 3D Gaussian Splatting for Accelerated Novel View Synthesis
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, high-fidelity scene reconstruction with an optimized 3D Gaussian splat representation has been introduced for novel view synthesis from sparse image sets. Making such representations suitable for applications like network streaming and rendering on low-power devices requires significantly reduced memory consumption as well as improved rendering efficiency. We propose a compressed 3D Gaussian splat representation that utilizes sensitivity-aware vector clustering with quantization-aware training to compress directional colors and Gaussian parameters. The learned codebooks have low bitrates and achieve a compression rate of up to 31× on real-world scenes with only minimal degradation of visual quality. We demonstrate that the compressed splat representation can be efficiently rendered with hardware rasterization on lightweight GPUs at up to 4× higher framerates than reported via an optimized GPU compute pipeline. Extensive experiments across multiple datasets demonstrate the robustness and rendering speed of the proposed approach.
Key facts. Cited by 232 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Nov 2023.
Builds on
23 of 37 references.
References · 23
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- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
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11 more
- 2023MERF: Memory-Efficient Radiance Fields for Real-time View Synthesis in Unbounded Scenescited by 215
- 2022Variable Bitrate Neural Fieldscited by 116
- 2022Compressible-composable NeRF via Rank-residual Decompositioncited by 92
- 2022Compressing Volumetric Radiance Fields to 1 MBcited by 66
- 2022Masked Wavelet Representation for Compact Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 57
- 2022Compressing Explicit Voxel Grid Representations: fast NeRFs become also smallcited by 48
- 2023SurfelNeRF: Neural Surfel Radiance Fields for Online Photorealistic Reconstruction of Indoor Scenescited by 30
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 62; 2025: 91; 2026: 77.
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- 2023LightGaussian: Unbounded 3D Gaussian Compression with 15x Reduction and 200+ FPScited by 420
- 20243D Gaussian Splatting as Markov Chain Monte Carlocited by 210
- 2024Mini-Splatting: Representing Scenes with a Constrained Number of Gaussianscited by 208
- 2024HAC: Hash-grid Assisted Context for 3D Gaussian Splatting Compressioncited by 202
- 2024Taming 3DGS: High-Quality Radiance Fields with Limited Resourcescited by 198
- 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 130
- 2023CompGS: Smaller and Faster Gaussian Splatting with Vector Quantizationcited by 127
- 2024Pixel-GS: Density Control with Pixel-aware Gradient for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 111
- 2024RadSplat: Radiance Field-Informed Gaussian Splatting for Robust Real-Time Rendering with 900+ FPScited by 110
- 2024ContextGS: Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting with Anchor Level Context Modelcited by 98
- 2024PUP 3D-GS: Principled Uncertainty Pruning for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 85
- 2024FlashGS: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale and High-resolution Renderingcited by 85
38 more
- 2024DreamScene360: Unconstrained Text-to-3D Scene Generation with Panoramic Gaussian Splattingcited by 81
- 2024CompGS: Efficient 3D Scene Representation via Compressed Gaussian Splattingcited by 80
- 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 77
- 20243DGS.zip: A survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Compression Methodscited by 66
- 2025DropGaussian: Structural Regularization for Sparse-view Gaussian Splattingcited by 65
- 2024MesonGS: Post-training Compression of 3D Gaussians via Efficient Attribute Transformationcited by 54
- 2025HAC++: Towards 100X Compression of 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 52
- 20243D Convex Splatting: Radiance Field Rendering with 3D Smooth Convexescited by 50
- 2024Fast Feedforward 3D Gaussian Splatting Compressioncited by 49
- 2024Trimming the Fat: Efficient Compression of 3D Gaussian Splats through Pruningcited by 45
- 2024MEGA: Memory-Efficient 4D Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scenescited by 45
- 2024Generative Gaussian Splatting for Unbounded 3D City Generationcited by 43
- 2024BAGS: Blur Agnostic Gaussian Splatting through Multi-Scale Kernel Modelingcited by 42
- 2024SplatLoc: 3D Gaussian Splatting-based Visual Localization for Augmented Realitycited by 42
- 2024Textured Gaussians for Enhanced 3D Scene Appearance Modelingcited by 40
- 2025LangSplatV2: High-dimensional 3D Language Gaussian Splatting with 450+ FPScited by 40
- 2024On the Error Analysis of 3D Gaussian Splatting and an Optimal Projection Strategycited by 39
- 2024MaskGaussian: Adaptive 3D Gaussian Representation from Probabilistic Maskscited by 39
- 2025CAT-3DGS: A Context-Adaptive Triplane Approach to Rate-Distortion-Optimized 3DGS Compressioncited by 39
- 2025Radiant Foam: Real-Time Differentiable Ray Tracingcited by 33
- 2024HEMGS: A Hybrid Entropy Model for 3D Gaussian Splatting Data Compressioncited by 31
- 2025MoDec-GS: Global-to-Local Motion Decomposition and Temporal Interval Adjustment for Compact Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 30
- 2024Sort-free Gaussian Splatting via Weighted Sum Renderingcited by 27
- 2025Luminance-GS: Adapting 3D Gaussian Splatting to Challenging Lighting Conditions with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustmentcited by 27
- 2024GaussianSpa: An "Optimizing-Sparsifying" Simplification Framework for Compact and High-Quality 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 26
- 2024LetsGo: Large-Scale Garage Modeling and Rendering via LiDAR-Assisted Gaussian Primitivescited by 25
- 2024GaussianCut: Interactive segmentation via graph cut for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 25
- 2025LODGE: Level-of-Detail Large-Scale Gaussian Splatting with Efficient Renderingcited by 25
- 2025Compression of 3D Gaussian Splatting with Optimized Feature Planes and Standard Video Codecscited by 24
- 2025Locality-aware Gaussian Compression for Fast and High-quality Renderingcited by 24
- 2025GIFStream: 4D Gaussian-based Immersive Video with Feature Streamcited by 23
- 2024Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting for Static and Dynamic Radiance Fieldscited by 22
- 2024SAGS: Structure-Aware 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 21
- 2024Implicit Gaussian Splatting with Efficient Multi-Level Tri-Plane Representationcited by 21
- 2024ShapeSplat: A Large-scale Dataset of Gaussian Splats and Their Self-Supervised Pretrainingcited by 21
- 2025Sketch and Patch: Efficient 3D Gaussian Representation for Man-Made Scenescited by 20
- 2024StreetSurfGS: Scalable Urban Street Surface Reconstruction with Planar-based Gaussian Splattingcited by 19
- 2024ELMGS: Enhancing memory and computation scaLability through coMpression for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 19
50 most cited of 232 All 232 (JSON)
- 2026What Builds the Scene? Luminance Dominates Geometry Formation in 3D Gaussian Splatting30 Sep 2026
- 2026TSGL: Teacher-Student Graph Learning for 3DGS Compression29 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Practical Compression of 3D Gaussian Splatting24 Sep 2026
- 2026ADATEX4D: adaptive texture capacity allocation for 4D gaussian splatting24 Sep 2026
- 2026Only What Was Seen: Observation-Gram Compaction of View-Dependent Appearance in 3D Gaussian Splatting24 Sep 2026
- 2026GARO: Geometry-Aware Redundancy Optimization for Real-Time and High-Fidelity Dynamic Gaussian Splatting20 Sep 2026
- 2026Compressing 3D Gaussian Splatting via Cross-Representation Priors19 Sep 2026
- 2026What Makes a 3D Scene Editable? A Factorized Benchmark of Fidelity, Locality, Consistency, and Preservation14 Sep 2026
- 2026Is Gaussian Splatting Becoming Neural Again? A Taxonomy and Controlled Study of Learned Parameterization11 Sep 2026
- 20263D Field Data Reduction with Adaptive Sample-Based Gaussian-Encoded Reconstruction10 Sep 2026
- 2026LinearMask-GS: Stable-Mask Importance Pruning for Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting9 Sep 2026
- 2026RouteBridge: Reliability-Routed Bidirectional Distillation Between Neural Radiance Fields and 3D Gaussian Splatting9 Sep 2026
38 more
- 2026From Splats to Silicon: Rethinking Computational Efficiency of 3DGS5 Sep 2026
- 2026KISS-GS: 3D Gaussian Splatting Compression Kept Simple27 Aug 2026
- 2026Fast and Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting with Polarized Opacity Prior23 Aug 2026
- 2026RoofGS: Roofline-Guided End-to-End Acceleration of 3D Gaussian Splatting16 Aug 2026
- 2026Fixed-Budget Gaussian Volume Encoding with Structure-Aware Allocation14 Aug 2026
- 2026Compact Feed-Forward 3D Gaussians via Saliency-Guided Primitive Merging11 Aug 2026
- 2026G2ARD-GS: Geometry-Guided Anchor-Regularized Gaussian Splatting Distillation6 Aug 2026
- 2026GenSplatCodec: Feed-Forward Gaussian Splatting Compression via One-Step Diffusion27 Jul 2026
- 2026SPARE-GS: Structural Parsimony and Resource Efficiency for 3D Gaussian Splatting18 Jul 2026
- 2026Rendering 3D Gaussians on a Graph Processor17 Jul 2026
- 2026Bake It Till You Make It: Ultrafast Spatial Texture-Atlas Splatting15 Jul 2026
- 2026AdaptiveSplat:Texture Aware Controllable 3D Gaussian Allocation for Feed-Forward Reconstruction5 Jul 2026
- 2026TemporalGS: Training-Free Plug-and-Play Acceleration for 3D Gaussian Splatting Rendering via Temporal Priors3 Jul 2026
- 2026Efficient Compression of Structured and Unstructured Volumes via Learned 3D Gaussian Representation1 Jul 2026
- 2026DLGStream: Dynamic Language-embedded Guassian Splatting for Open-vocabulary Enabled Free-viewpoint Video Streaming27 Jun 2026
- 2026ACE-GS: Acing the Trade-off with Accurate, Compact and Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting19 Jun 2026
- 2026From Uncertainty to Stability and Fidelity: Guiding Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Splatting with Fisher Information18 Jun 2026
- 2026ReAge3D: Re-Aging 3D Faces with View Consistency16 Jun 2026
- 2026Local-GS: Accelerating 3D Gaussian Splatting via Tile-Local Warp Coherence15 Jun 2026
- 2026REFINE: Super-efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting Pruning via Rendering-Free Primitive Importance8 Jun 2026
- 2026HiGS: A Hierarchical Rendering Architecture for Real-Time 3D Gaussian Splatting29 May 2026
- 2026TriSplat: Simulation-Ready Feed-Forward 3D Scene Reconstruction25 May 2026
- 2026GazePrior: Zero-Shot AR/VR Eye Tracking via Learned 3D Gaze Reconstruction21 May 2026
- 2026CATRF: Codec-Adaptive TriPlane Radiance Fields for Volumetric Content Delivery18 May 2026
- 2026PD-4DGS:Progressive Decomposition of 4D Gaussian Splatting for Bandwidth-Adaptive Dynamic Scene Streaming12 May 2026
- 2026ReorgGS: Equivalent Distribution Reorganization for 3D Gaussian Splatting9 May 2026
- 2026AdpSplit: Error-Driven Adaptive Splitting for Faster Geometry Discovery in 3D Gaussian Splatting7 May 2026
- 2026GETA-3DGS: Automatic Joint Structured Pruning and Quantization for 3D Gaussian Splatting3 May 2026
- 2026High-Fidelity Mobile Avatars with Pruned Local Blendshapes3 May 2026
- 2026Multi-Scale Gaussian-Language Map for Zero-shot Embodied Navigation and Reasoning3 May 2026
- 2026Fake3DGS: A Benchmark for 3D Manipulation Detection in Neural Rendering30 Apr 2026
- 2026Difix3D-W: Distractor-Free Few-Shot 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wild30 Apr 2026
- 2026MesonGS++: Post-training Compression of 3D Gaussian Splatting with Hyperparameter Searching29 Apr 2026
- 2026Light 'em Up: Enabling Few-Shot Low-Light 3D Gaussian Splatting with Multi-Scale Explicit Retinex Illumination Decoupling27 Apr 2026
- 2026You Only Gaussian Once: Controllable 3D Gaussian Splatting for Ultra-Densely Sampled Scenes23 Apr 2026
- 2026GeoRect4D: Geometry-Compatible Generative Rectification for Dynamic Sparse-View 3D Reconstruction22 Apr 2026
- 2026GlobalSplat: Efficient Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting via Global Scene Tokens16 Apr 2026
- 2026Unfolding 3D Gaussian Splatting via Iterative Gaussian Synopsis13 Apr 2026
50 newest of 232 All 232 (JSON)
- 2025Content-Aware Mamba for Learned Image Compressioncited by 5
- 2025Content-Aware Mamba for Learned Image Compression4 Aug 2025
- 2023LightGaussian: Unbounded 3D Gaussian Compression with 15x Reduction and 200+ FPScited by 420
- 20243D Gaussian Splatting as Markov Chain Monte Carlocited by 210
- 2024Mini-Splatting: Representing Scenes with a Constrained Number of Gaussianscited by 208
- 2024HAC: Hash-grid Assisted Context for 3D Gaussian Splatting Compressioncited by 202
- 2024Taming 3DGS: High-Quality Radiance Fields with Limited Resourcescited by 198
- 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 130
- 2023CompGS: Smaller and Faster Gaussian Splatting with Vector Quantizationcited by 127
- 2024Pixel-GS: Density Control with Pixel-aware Gradient for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 111
- 2024RadSplat: Radiance Field-Informed Gaussian Splatting for Robust Real-Time Rendering with 900+ FPScited by 110
- 2024ContextGS: Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting with Anchor Level Context Modelcited by 98
- 2024PUP 3D-GS: Principled Uncertainty Pruning for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 85
- 2024FlashGS: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale and High-resolution Renderingcited by 85
12 most cited of 228 All 228 (JSON)
- 2026What Builds the Scene? Luminance Dominates Geometry Formation in 3D Gaussian Splatting30 Sep 2026
- 2026TSGL: Teacher-Student Graph Learning for 3DGS Compression29 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Practical Compression of 3D Gaussian Splatting24 Sep 2026
- 2026ADATEX4D: adaptive texture capacity allocation for 4D gaussian splatting24 Sep 2026
- 2026Only What Was Seen: Observation-Gram Compaction of View-Dependent Appearance in 3D Gaussian Splatting24 Sep 2026
- 2026GARO: Geometry-Aware Redundancy Optimization for Real-Time and High-Fidelity Dynamic Gaussian Splatting20 Sep 2026
- 2026Compressing 3D Gaussian Splatting via Cross-Representation Priors19 Sep 2026
- 2026What Makes a 3D Scene Editable? A Factorized Benchmark of Fidelity, Locality, Consistency, and Preservation14 Sep 2026
- 2026Is Gaussian Splatting Becoming Neural Again? A Taxonomy and Controlled Study of Learned Parameterization11 Sep 2026
- 20263D Field Data Reduction with Adaptive Sample-Based Gaussian-Encoded Reconstruction10 Sep 2026
- 2026LinearMask-GS: Stable-Mask Importance Pruning for Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting9 Sep 2026
- 2026RouteBridge: Reliability-Routed Bidirectional Distillation Between Neural Radiance Fields and 3D Gaussian Splatting9 Sep 2026
12 newest of 228 All 228 (JSON)