mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Compressed 3D Gaussian Splatting for Accelerated Novel View Synthesis

arXiv 2401.02436 ↗First posted 17 Nov 2023cs.CV cs.GRcited by 232

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, high-fidelity scene reconstruction with an optimized 3D Gaussian splat representation has been introduced for novel view synthesis from sparse image sets. Making such representations suitable for applications like network streaming and rendering on low-power devices requires significantly reduced memory consumption as well as improved rendering efficiency. We propose a compressed 3D Gaussian splat representation that utilizes sensitivity-aware vector clustering with quantization-aware training to compress directional colors and Gaussian parameters. The learned codebooks have low bitrates and achieve a compression rate of up to 31× on real-world scenes with only minimal degradation of visual quality. We demonstrate that the compressed splat representation can be efficiently rendered with hardware rasterization on lightweight GPUs at up to 4× higher framerates than reported via an optimized GPU compute pipeline. Extensive experiments across multiple datasets demonstrate the robustness and rendering speed of the proposed approach.

Key facts. Cited by 232 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Nov 2023.

Builds on

23 of 37 references.

References · 23

  1. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  2. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
  3. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
  4. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
  5. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,607
  6. 2017Quantization and Training of Neural Networks for Efficient Integer-Arithmetic-Only Inferencecited by 1,548
  7. 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,275
  8. 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 961
  9. 2021PlenOctrees for Real-time Rendering of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 904
  10. 2016XNOR-Net: ImageNet Classification Using Binary Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 829
  11. 2022Point-NeRF: Point-based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 503
  12. 2021Baking Neural Radiance Fields for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 465
11 more
  1. 2023MERF: Memory-Efficient Radiance Fields for Real-time View Synthesis in Unbounded Scenescited by 215
  2. 2022Variable Bitrate Neural Fieldscited by 116
  3. 2022Compressible-composable NeRF via Rank-residual Decompositioncited by 92
  4. 2022Compressing Volumetric Radiance Fields to 1 MBcited by 66
  5. 2022Masked Wavelet Representation for Compact Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 57
  6. 2022Compressing Explicit Voxel Grid Representations: fast NeRFs become also smallcited by 48
  7. 2023SurfelNeRF: Neural Surfel Radiance Fields for Online Photorealistic Reconstruction of Indoor Scenescited by 30
  8. 2022On Quantizing Implicit Neural Representationscited by 20
  9. 2022SqueezeNeRF: Further factorized FastNeRF for memory-efficient inferencecited by 16
  10. 2021Differentiable Direct Volume Renderingcited by 14
  11. 2022Onesweep: A Faster Least Significant Digit Radix Sort for GPUscited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 62; 2025: 91; 2026: 77.

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  1. 2023LightGaussian: Unbounded 3D Gaussian Compression with 15x Reduction and 200+ FPScited by 420
  2. 20243D Gaussian Splatting as Markov Chain Monte Carlocited by 210
  3. 2024Mini-Splatting: Representing Scenes with a Constrained Number of Gaussianscited by 208
  4. 2024HAC: Hash-grid Assisted Context for 3D Gaussian Splatting Compressioncited by 202
  5. 2024Taming 3DGS: High-Quality Radiance Fields with Limited Resourcescited by 198
  6. 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 130
  7. 2023CompGS: Smaller and Faster Gaussian Splatting with Vector Quantizationcited by 127
  8. 2024Pixel-GS: Density Control with Pixel-aware Gradient for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 111
  9. 2024RadSplat: Radiance Field-Informed Gaussian Splatting for Robust Real-Time Rendering with 900+ FPScited by 110
  10. 2024ContextGS: Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting with Anchor Level Context Modelcited by 98
  11. 2024PUP 3D-GS: Principled Uncertainty Pruning for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 85
  12. 2024FlashGS: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale and High-resolution Renderingcited by 85
38 more
  1. 2024DreamScene360: Unconstrained Text-to-3D Scene Generation with Panoramic Gaussian Splattingcited by 81
  2. 2024CompGS: Efficient 3D Scene Representation via Compressed Gaussian Splattingcited by 80
  3. 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 77
  4. 20243DGS.zip: A survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Compression Methodscited by 66
  5. 2025DropGaussian: Structural Regularization for Sparse-view Gaussian Splattingcited by 65
  6. 2024MesonGS: Post-training Compression of 3D Gaussians via Efficient Attribute Transformationcited by 54
  7. 2025HAC++: Towards 100X Compression of 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 52
  8. 20243D Convex Splatting: Radiance Field Rendering with 3D Smooth Convexescited by 50
  9. 2024Fast Feedforward 3D Gaussian Splatting Compressioncited by 49
  10. 2024Trimming the Fat: Efficient Compression of 3D Gaussian Splats through Pruningcited by 45
  11. 2024MEGA: Memory-Efficient 4D Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scenescited by 45
  12. 2024Generative Gaussian Splatting for Unbounded 3D City Generationcited by 43
  13. 2024BAGS: Blur Agnostic Gaussian Splatting through Multi-Scale Kernel Modelingcited by 42
  14. 2024SplatLoc: 3D Gaussian Splatting-based Visual Localization for Augmented Realitycited by 42
  15. 2024Textured Gaussians for Enhanced 3D Scene Appearance Modelingcited by 40
  16. 2025LangSplatV2: High-dimensional 3D Language Gaussian Splatting with 450+ FPScited by 40
  17. 2024On the Error Analysis of 3D Gaussian Splatting and an Optimal Projection Strategycited by 39
  18. 2024MaskGaussian: Adaptive 3D Gaussian Representation from Probabilistic Maskscited by 39
  19. 2025CAT-3DGS: A Context-Adaptive Triplane Approach to Rate-Distortion-Optimized 3DGS Compressioncited by 39
  20. 2025Radiant Foam: Real-Time Differentiable Ray Tracingcited by 33
  21. 2024HEMGS: A Hybrid Entropy Model for 3D Gaussian Splatting Data Compressioncited by 31
  22. 2025MoDec-GS: Global-to-Local Motion Decomposition and Temporal Interval Adjustment for Compact Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 30
  23. 2024Sort-free Gaussian Splatting via Weighted Sum Renderingcited by 27
  24. 2025Luminance-GS: Adapting 3D Gaussian Splatting to Challenging Lighting Conditions with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustmentcited by 27
  25. 2024GaussianSpa: An "Optimizing-Sparsifying" Simplification Framework for Compact and High-Quality 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 26
  26. 2024LetsGo: Large-Scale Garage Modeling and Rendering via LiDAR-Assisted Gaussian Primitivescited by 25
  27. 2024GaussianCut: Interactive segmentation via graph cut for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 25
  28. 2025LODGE: Level-of-Detail Large-Scale Gaussian Splatting with Efficient Renderingcited by 25
  29. 2025Compression of 3D Gaussian Splatting with Optimized Feature Planes and Standard Video Codecscited by 24
  30. 2025Locality-aware Gaussian Compression for Fast and High-quality Renderingcited by 24
  31. 2025GIFStream: 4D Gaussian-based Immersive Video with Feature Streamcited by 23
  32. 2024Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting for Static and Dynamic Radiance Fieldscited by 22
  33. 2024SAGS: Structure-Aware 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 21
  34. 2024Implicit Gaussian Splatting with Efficient Multi-Level Tri-Plane Representationcited by 21
  35. 2024ShapeSplat: A Large-scale Dataset of Gaussian Splats and Their Self-Supervised Pretrainingcited by 21
  36. 2025Sketch and Patch: Efficient 3D Gaussian Representation for Man-Made Scenescited by 20
  37. 2024StreetSurfGS: Scalable Urban Street Surface Reconstruction with Planar-based Gaussian Splattingcited by 19
  38. 2024ELMGS: Enhancing memory and computation scaLability through coMpression for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 19

50 most cited of 232 All 232 (JSON)