DenseSplat: Densifying Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Neural Radiance Prior
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Abstract (arXiv)
Gaussian SLAM systems excel in real-time rendering and fine-grained reconstruction compared to NeRF-based systems. However, their reliance on extensive keyframes is impractical for deployment in real-world robotic systems, which typically operate under sparse-view conditions that can result in substantial holes in the map. To address these challenges, we introduce DenseSplat, the first SLAM system that effectively combines the advantages of NeRF and 3DGS. DenseSplat utilizes sparse keyframes and NeRF priors for initializing primitives that densely populate maps and seamlessly fill gaps. It also implements geometry-aware primitive sampling and pruning strategies to manage granularity and enhance rendering efficiency. Moreover, DenseSplat integrates loop closure and bundle adjustment, significantly enhancing frame-to-frame tracking accuracy. Extensive experiments on multiple large-scale datasets demonstrate that DenseSplat achieves superior performance in tracking and mapping compared to current state-of-the-art methods.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 51 of its 72 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Feb 2025.
Builds on
51 of 72 references.
References · 51
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
- 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
- 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,957
- 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,574
- 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,459
- 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,230
- 2015ORB-SLAM: a Versatile and Accurate Monocular SLAM Systemcited by 983
- 2019The Replica Dataset: A Digital Replica of Indoor Spacescited by 885
- 2020ORB-SLAM3: An Accurate Open-Source Library for Visual, Visual-Inertial and Multi-Map SLAMcited by 862
- 2016ORB-SLAM2: an Open-Source SLAM System for Monocular, Stereo and RGB-D Camerascited by 801
38 more
- 2021Depth-supervised NeRF: Fewer Views and Faster Training for Freecited by 732
- 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 673
- 2023Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 667
- 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 661
- 2021NICE-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scalable Encoding for SLAMcited by 586
- 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
- 2023Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 410
- 2023SplaTAM: Splat, Track & Map 3D Gaussians for Dense RGB-D SLAMcited by 386
- 2023GS-SLAM: Dense Visual SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 278
- 2023Co-SLAM: Joint Coordinate and Sparse Parametric Encodings for Neural Real-Time SLAMcited by 183
- 2023NICER-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scene Encoding for RGB SLAMcited by 162
- 2023Point-SLAM: Dense Neural Point Cloud-based SLAMcited by 160
- 2022ESLAM: Efficient Dense SLAM System Based on Hybrid Representation of Signed Distance Fieldscited by 158
- 2023Gaussian-SLAM: Photo-realistic Dense SLAM with Gaussian Splattingcited by 152
- 2018CodeSLAM - Learning a Compact, Optimisable Representation for Dense Visual SLAMcited by 151
- 2024WildGaussians: 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 150
- 2023Photo-SLAM: Real-time Simultaneous Localization and Photorealistic Mapping for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 139
- 2023GO-SLAM: Global Optimization for Consistent 3D Instant Reconstructioncited by 132
- 2021NeRFReN: Neural Radiance Fields with Reflectionscited by 121
- 2024RadSplat: Radiance Field-Informed Gaussian Splatting for Robust Real-Time Rendering with 900+ FPScited by 110
- 2024SGS-SLAM: Semantic Gaussian Splatting For Neural Dense SLAMcited by 86
- 2022Orbeez-SLAM: A Real-time Monocular Visual SLAM with ORB Features and NeRF-realized Mappingcited by 79
- 2020DI-Fusion: Online Implicit 3D Reconstruction with Deep Priorscited by 70
- 2024RGBD GS-ICP SLAMcited by 65
- 2023PLGSLAM: Progressive Neural Scene Represenation with Local to Global Bundle Adjustmentcited by 62
- 2024CG-SLAM: Efficient Dense RGB-D SLAM in a Consistent Uncertainty-aware 3D Gaussian Fieldcited by 61
- 2024LoopSplat: Loop Closure by Registering 3D Gaussian Splatscited by 59
- 2024Loopy-SLAM: Dense Neural SLAM with Loop Closurescited by 48
- 2017Co-Fusion: Real-time Segmentation, Tracking and Fusion of Multiple Objectscited by 47
- 2024Relaxing Accurate Initialization Constraint for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 33
- 2024NeSLAM: Neural Implicit Mapping and Self-Supervised Feature Tracking With Depth Completion and Denoisingcited by 29
- 2023MIPS-Fusion: Multi-Implicit-Submaps for Scalable and Robust Online Neural RGB-D Reconstructioncited by 24
- 2024Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting For Dense Visual SLAMcited by 24
- 2024MG-SLAM: Structure Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Manhattan World Hypothesiscited by 22
- 2024NIS-SLAM: Neural Implicit Semantic RGB-D SLAM for 3D Consistent Scene Understandingcited by 19
- 2024DeRainGS: Gaussian Splatting for Enhanced Scene Reconstruction in Rainy Environmentscited by 19
- 2024MoD-SLAM: Monocular Dense Mapping for Unbounded 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 18
- 2023NeRFVS: Neural Radiance Fields for Free View Synthesis via Geometry Scaffoldscited by 16
50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 9.
14 papers.
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- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
- 2025RealX3D: A Physically-Degraded 3D Benchmark for Multi-view Visual Restoration and Reconstructioncited by 19
- 2025VPGS-SLAM: Voxel-based Progressive 3D Gaussian SLAM in Large-Scale Scenescited by 12
- 2026NTIRE 2026 3D Restoration and Reconstruction in Real-world Adverse Conditions: RealX3D Challenge Resultscited by 11
- 2026Unifying Color and Lightness Correction with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustment for Robust 3D Novel View Synthesiscited by 8
- 2026CLIP-Guided Data Augmentation for Night-Time Image Dehazingcited by 8
- 2026Dual-Branch Remote Sensing Infrared Image Super-Resolutioncited by 7
- 2026Training-Free Model Ensemble for Single-Image Super-Resolution via Strong-Branch Compensationcited by 6
- 2025ConeGS: Error-Guided Densification Using Pixel Cones for Improved Reconstruction With Fewer Primitivescited by 5
- 2026Beyond Model Design: Data-Centric Training and Self-Ensemble for Gaussian Color Image Denoisingcited by 5
- 2026Towards Next-Generation SLAM: A Survey on 3DGS-SLAM Focusing on Performance, Robustness, and Future Directionscited by 2
- 2025From Fields to Splats: A Cross-Domain Survey of Real-Time Neural Scene Representationscited by 1
- 2026Stipple: Real-Time Incremental Gaussian Splatting with Visual-Inertial Tracking2 Aug 2026
- 2026GaussLite: Online Task-Conditioned 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Robotic Mapping29 Jun 2026
- 2026Training-Free Model Ensemble for Single-Image Super-Resolution via Strong-Branch Compensation13 Apr 2026
- 2026Beyond Model Design: Data-Centric Training and Self-Ensemble for Gaussian Color Image Denoising13 Apr 2026
- 2026Dual-Branch Remote Sensing Infrared Image Super-Resolution11 Apr 2026
- 2026CLIP-Guided Data Augmentation for Night-Time Image Dehazing7 Apr 2026
- 2026NTIRE 2026 3D Restoration and Reconstruction in Real-world Adverse Conditions: RealX3D Challenge Results5 Apr 2026
- 2026Unifying Color and Lightness Correction with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustment for Robust 3D Novel View Synthesis20 Feb 2026
- 2026Towards Next-Generation SLAM: A Survey on 3DGS-SLAM Focusing on Performance, Robustness, and Future Directions4 Feb 2026
- 2025RealX3D: A Physically-Degraded 3D Benchmark for Multi-view Visual Restoration and Reconstruction29 Dec 2025
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Models3 Dec 2025
- 2025ConeGS: Error-Guided Densification Using Pixel Cones for Improved Reconstruction With Fewer Primitives10 Nov 2025
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
- 2025RealX3D: A Physically-Degraded 3D Benchmark for Multi-view Visual Restoration and Reconstructioncited by 19
- 2025VPGS-SLAM: Voxel-based Progressive 3D Gaussian SLAM in Large-Scale Scenescited by 12
- 2026NTIRE 2026 3D Restoration and Reconstruction in Real-world Adverse Conditions: RealX3D Challenge Resultscited by 11
- 2026Unifying Color and Lightness Correction with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustment for Robust 3D Novel View Synthesiscited by 8
- 2026CLIP-Guided Data Augmentation for Night-Time Image Dehazingcited by 8
- 2026Dual-Branch Remote Sensing Infrared Image Super-Resolutioncited by 7
- 2026Training-Free Model Ensemble for Single-Image Super-Resolution via Strong-Branch Compensationcited by 6
- 2025ConeGS: Error-Guided Densification Using Pixel Cones for Improved Reconstruction With Fewer Primitivescited by 5
- 2026Beyond Model Design: Data-Centric Training and Self-Ensemble for Gaussian Color Image Denoisingcited by 5
- 2026Towards Next-Generation SLAM: A Survey on 3DGS-SLAM Focusing on Performance, Robustness, and Future Directionscited by 2
- 2025From Fields to Splats: A Cross-Domain Survey of Real-Time Neural Scene Representationscited by 1
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026Stipple: Real-Time Incremental Gaussian Splatting with Visual-Inertial Tracking2 Aug 2026
- 2026GaussLite: Online Task-Conditioned 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Robotic Mapping29 Jun 2026
- 2026Training-Free Model Ensemble for Single-Image Super-Resolution via Strong-Branch Compensation13 Apr 2026
- 2026Beyond Model Design: Data-Centric Training and Self-Ensemble for Gaussian Color Image Denoising13 Apr 2026
- 2026Dual-Branch Remote Sensing Infrared Image Super-Resolution11 Apr 2026
- 2026CLIP-Guided Data Augmentation for Night-Time Image Dehazing7 Apr 2026
- 2026NTIRE 2026 3D Restoration and Reconstruction in Real-world Adverse Conditions: RealX3D Challenge Results5 Apr 2026
- 2026Unifying Color and Lightness Correction with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustment for Robust 3D Novel View Synthesis20 Feb 2026
- 2026Towards Next-Generation SLAM: A Survey on 3DGS-SLAM Focusing on Performance, Robustness, and Future Directions4 Feb 2026
- 2025RealX3D: A Physically-Degraded 3D Benchmark for Multi-view Visual Restoration and Reconstruction29 Dec 2025
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Models3 Dec 2025
- 2025ConeGS: Error-Guided Densification Using Pixel Cones for Improved Reconstruction With Fewer Primitives10 Nov 2025
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)