mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collections

arXiv 2008.02268 ↗First posted 5 Aug 2020cs.CV cs.GR cs.LGcited by 1,230

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Cited by 40 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

We present a learning-based method for synthesizing novel views of complex scenes using only unstructured collections of in-the-wild photographs. We build on Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF), which uses the weights of a multilayer perceptron to model the density and color of a scene as a function of 3D coordinates. While NeRF works well on images of static subjects captured under controlled settings, it is incapable of modeling many ubiquitous, real-world phenomena in uncontrolled images, such as variable illumination or transient occluders. We introduce a series of extensions to NeRF to address these issues, thereby enabling accurate reconstructions from unstructured image collections taken from the internet. We apply our system, dubbed NeRF-W, to internet photo collections of famous landmarks, and demonstrate temporally consistent novel view renderings that are significantly closer to photorealism than the prior state of the art.

Key facts. Cited by 1,230 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 5 Aug 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 130; 2022: 207; 2023: 316; 2024: 309; 2025: 179; 2026: 89.

1,230 papers.

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  1. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
  2. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,957
  3. 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,526
  4. 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,275
  5. 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,204
  6. 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 1,144
  7. 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 961
  8. 2021PlenOctrees for Real-time Rendering of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 904
  9. 2023ScanNet++: A High-Fidelity Dataset of 3D Indoor Scenescited by 747
  10. 2023K-Planes: Explicit Radiance Fields in Space, Time, and Appearancecited by 742
  11. 2021MVSNeRF: Fast Generalizable Radiance Field Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 735
  12. 2021Depth-supervised NeRF: Fewer Views and Faster Training for Freecited by 732
38 more
  1. 2022Block-NeRF: Scalable Large Scene Neural View Synthesiscited by 720
  2. 2021IBRNet: Learning Multi-View Image-Based Renderingcited by 698
  3. 2021KiloNeRF: Speeding up Neural Radiance Fields with Thousands of Tiny MLPscited by 672
  4. 2023pixelSplat: 3D Gaussian Splats from Image Pairs for Scalable Generalizable 3D Reconstructioncited by 668
  5. 2023Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 667
  6. 2021UNISURF: Unifying Neural Implicit Surfaces and Radiance Fields for Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 643
  7. 2021RegNeRF: Regularizing Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis from Sparse Inputscited by 614
  8. 2022Score Jacobian Chaining: Lifting Pretrained 2D Diffusion Models for 3D Generationcited by 597
  9. 2023Nerfstudio: A Modular Framework for Neural Radiance Field Developmentcited by 596
  10. 2021NICE-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scalable Encoding for SLAMcited by 586
  11. 2023HexPlane: A Fast Representation for Dynamic Scenescited by 582
  12. 2021Ref-NeRF: Structured View-Dependent Appearance for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 569
  13. 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 539
  14. 2021FastNeRF: High-Fidelity Neural Rendering at 200FPScited by 510
  15. 2022Point-NeRF: Point-based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 503
  16. 2022HumanNeRF: Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving People from Monocular Videocited by 483
  17. 2023Neuralangelo: High-Fidelity Neural Surface Reconstructioncited by 464
  18. 2021Dynamic View Synthesis from Dynamic Monocular Videocited by 420
  19. 2021In-Place Scene Labelling and Understanding with Implicit Scene Representationcited by 411
  20. 2021Mega-NeRF: Scalable Construction of Large-Scale NeRFs for Virtual Fly-Throughscited by 396
  21. 2022Kubric: A scalable dataset generatorcited by 373
  22. 2021GAN Inversion: A Surveycited by 366
  23. 2021Advances in Neural Renderingcited by 365
  24. 2021Extracting Triangular 3D Models, Materials, and Lighting From Imagescited by 363
  25. 2023DrivingGaussian: Composite Gaussian Splatting for Surrounding Dynamic Autonomous Driving Scenescited by 359
  26. 2022Fast Dynamic Radiance Fields with Time-Aware Neural Voxelscited by 344
  27. 2021AD-NeRF: Audio Driven Neural Radiance Fields for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 339
  28. 2021NeRF in the Dark: High Dynamic Range View Synthesis from Noisy Raw Imagescited by 336
  29. 2021PhySG: Inverse Rendering with Spherical Gaussians for Physics-based Material Editing and Relightingcited by 332
  30. 2021Neural RGB-D Surface Reconstructioncited by 312
  31. 2023FreeNeRF: Improving Few-shot Neural Rendering with Free Frequency Regularizationcited by 310
  32. 2021Dense Depth Priors for Neural Radiance Fields from Sparse Input Viewscited by 301
  33. 2023Text-to-3D using Gaussian Splattingcited by 299
  34. 2021Mixture of Volumetric Primitives for Efficient Neural Renderingcited by 277
  35. 20223D Neural Field Generation using Triplane Diffusioncited by 274
  36. 2021Urban Radiance Fieldscited by 263
  37. 2021A Survey of Embodied AI: From Simulators to Research Taskscited by 256
  38. 2021A-NeRF: Articulated Neural Radiance Fields for Learning Human Shape, Appearance, and Posecited by 233

50 most cited of 1,230 All 1,230 (JSON)