Deformable Beta Splatting
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has advanced radiance field reconstruction by enabling real-time rendering. However, its reliance on Gaussian kernels for geometry and low-order Spherical Harmonics (SH) for color encoding limits its ability to capture complex geometries and diverse colors. We introduce Deformable Beta Splatting (DBS), a deformable and compact approach that enhances both geometry and color representation. DBS replaces Gaussian kernels with deformable Beta Kernels, which offer bounded support and adaptive frequency control to capture fine geometric details with higher fidelity while achieving better memory efficiency. In addition, we extended the Beta Kernel to color encoding, which facilitates improved representation of diffuse and specular components, yielding superior results compared to SH-based methods. Furthermore, Unlike prior densification techniques that depend on Gaussian properties, we mathematically prove that adjusting regularized opacity alone ensures distribution-preserved Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), independent of the splatting kernel type. Experimental results demonstrate that DBS achieves state-of-the-art visual quality while utilizing only 45% of the parameters and rendering 1.5x faster than 3DGS-MCMC, highlighting the superior performance of DBS for real-time radiance field rendering. Interactive demonstrations and source code are available on our project website: https://rongliu-leo.github.io/beta-splatting/.
Key facts. Cited by 38 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jan 2025.
Builds on
44 of 64 references.
References · 44
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
- 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,964
- 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,712
- 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,232
- 20242D Gaussian Splatting for Geometrically Accurate Radiance Fieldscited by 1,076
- 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 964
- 2021PlenOctrees for Real-time Rendering of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 905
- 2020NeRF++: Analyzing and Improving Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 861
- 2023DreamGaussian: Generative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Content Creationcited by 843
- 2023Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 759
- 2023Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 737
32 more
- 2023Scaffold-GS: Structured 3D Gaussians for View-Adaptive Renderingcited by 695
- 2023SuGaR: Surface-Aligned Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Mesh Reconstruction and High-Quality Mesh Renderingcited by 616
- 2023Real-time Photorealistic Dynamic Scene Representation and Rendering with 4D Gaussian Splattingcited by 476
- 2023Gaussian Grouping: Segment and Edit Anything in 3D Scenescited by 393
- 2023Feature 3DGS: Supercharging 3D Gaussian Splatting to Enable Distilled Feature Fieldscited by 364
- 2024gsplat: An Open-Source Library for Gaussian Splattingcited by 285
- 2023GaussianDreamer: Fast Generation from Text to 3D Gaussians by Bridging 2D and 3D Diffusion Modelscited by 255
- 2023LucidDreamer: Domain-free Generation of 3D Gaussian Splatting Scenescited by 231
- 2023Language Embedded 3D Gaussians for Open-Vocabulary Scene Understandingcited by 208
- 2024VR-GS: A Physical Dynamics-Aware Interactive Gaussian Splatting System in Virtual Realitycited by 179
- 2020DeRF: Decomposed Radiance Fieldscited by 163
- 2024High-quality Surface Reconstruction using Gaussian Surfelscited by 161
- 2023Compact 3D Scene Representation via Self-Organizing Gaussian Gridscited by 151
- 2024Revising Densification in Gaussian Splattingcited by 128
- 2024RadSplat: Radiance Field-Informed Gaussian Splatting for Robust Real-Time Rendering with 900+ FPScited by 113
- 2024Motion-aware 3D Gaussian Splatting for Efficient Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 100
- 2024GES: Generalized Exponential Splatting for Efficient Radiance Field Renderingcited by 92
- 2024Analytic-Splatting: Anti-Aliased 3D Gaussian Splatting via Analytic Integrationcited by 67
- 2024BAD-Gaussians: Bundle Adjusted Deblur Gaussian Splattingcited by 61
- 20243D Convex Splatting: Radiance Field Rendering with 3D Smooth Convexescited by 50
- 2024Feature Splatting: Language-Driven Physics-Based Scene Synthesis and Editingcited by 45
- 20243D-HGS: 3D Half-Gaussian Splattingcited by 44
- 2024BAGS: Blur Agnostic Gaussian Splatting through Multi-Scale Kernel Modelingcited by 42
- 2024Gaussian Splatting on the Move: Blur and Rolling Shutter Compensation for Natural Camera Motioncited by 29
- 2024VR-Splatting: Foveated Radiance Field Rendering via 3D Gaussian Splatting and Neural Pointscited by 29
- 2024NerfBaselines: Consistent and Reproducible Evaluation of Novel View Synthesis Methodscited by 26
- 2024Beyond Gaussians: Fast and High-Fidelity 3D Splatting with Linear Kernelscited by 22
- 2024AtomGS: Atomizing Gaussian Splatting for High-Fidelity Radiance Fieldcited by 18
- 2024Gaussian Billboards: Expressive 2D Gaussian Splatting with Texturescited by 14
- 2024DeblurGS: Gaussian Splatting for Camera Motion Blurcited by 12
- 2024Cinematic Gaussians: Real-Time HDR Radiance Fields with Depth of Fieldcited by 12
- 2024Den-SOFT: Dense Space-Oriented Light Field DataseT for 6-DOF Immersive Experiencecited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 17; 2026: 21.
38 papers.
Sort:
- 2025Triangle Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 50
- 2026Faster-GS: Analyzing and Improving Gaussian Splatting Optimizationcited by 17
- 2025Spherical Voronoi: Directional Appearance as a Differentiable Partition of the Spherecited by 11
- 20253DGabSplat: 3D Gabor Splatting for Frequency-adaptive Radiance Field Renderingcited by 10
- 2026AdaGaR: Adaptive Gabor Representation for Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 9
- 2025Radiance Meshes for Volumetric Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2025SOF: Sorted Opacity Fields for Fast Unbounded Surface Reconstructioncited by 7
- 2025Splat Feature Solvercited by 7
- 2025Splat the Net: Radiance Fields with Splattable Neural Primitivescited by 7
- 2025ConeGS: Error-Guided Densification Using Pixel Cones for Improved Reconstruction With Fewer Primitivescited by 6
- 2025Consistent Instance Field for Dynamic Scene Understandingcited by 5
- 2025ContraGS: Codebook-Condensed and Trainable Gaussian Splatting for Fast, Memory-Efficient Reconstructioncited by 4
26 more
- 2025Universal Beta Splattingcited by 4
- 2025Nexels: Neurally-Textured Surfels for Real-Time Novel View Synthesis with Sparse Geometriescited by 4
- 2026Neural Harmonic Textures for High-Quality Primitive Based Neural Reconstructioncited by 4
- 2026Confidence-Based Mesh Extraction from 3D Gaussianscited by 3
- 2026Power Foam: Unifying Real-Time Differentiable Ray Tracing and Rasterizationcited by 3
- 2025Radiant Triangle Soup with Soft Connectivity Forces for 3D Reconstruction and Novel View Synthesiscited by 2
- 2026NanoGS: Training-Free Gaussian Splat Simplificationcited by 2
- 2026Depth Peeling for High-Fidelity Gaussian-Enhanced Surfel Renderingcited by 2
- 2025A Bag of Tricks for Efficient Implicit Neural Point Cloudscited by 1
- 2026Fourier Splatting: Generalized Fourier encoded primitives for scalable radiance fieldscited by 1
- 2026Hybrid Latents: Geometry-Appearance-Aware Surfel Splattingcited by 1
- 2026Beyond Spherical Harmonics: Rethinking Appearance Models for Radiance Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2025The Architecture of Trust: A Framework for AI-Augmented Real Estate Valuation in the Era of Structured Datacited by 0
- 2025IDU: Incremental Dynamic Update of Existing 3D Virtual Environments with New Imagery Datacited by 0
- 2025Iterative Motion Compensation for Canonical 3D Reconstruction from UAV Plant Images Captured in Windy Conditionscited by 0
- 2026A Step to Decouple Optimization in 3DGScited by 0
- 2026Augmented Radiance Field: A General Framework for Enhanced Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026From ex(p) to poly: Gaussian Splatting with Polynomial Kernelscited by 0
- 2026A Comparative Evaluation of Geometric Accuracy in NeRF and Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026Recent Advances and Trends in Learning-based 3D Representationscited by 0
- 2026Resonant Brane Splatting for Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolutioncited by 0
- 2026Bake It Till You Make It: Ultrafast Spatial Texture-Atlas Splattingcited by 0
- 2026Deformable Triangle Splatting: Flexible Primitives for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 0
- 20263D Gaussian Accelerated Ray Tracing: Fast training through particle-based backward propagationcited by 0
- 2026Point-Based 3D Reconstruction from Sparse Views under Known Illuminationcited by 0
- 2026Compact Neural Appearance Models for Efficient Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026Compact Neural Appearance Models for Efficient Gaussian Splatting4 Sep 2026
- 2026Point-Based 3D Reconstruction from Sparse Views under Known Illumination20 Aug 2026
- 20263D Gaussian Accelerated Ray Tracing: Fast training through particle-based backward propagation18 Aug 2026
- 2026Deformable Triangle Splatting: Flexible Primitives for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering24 Jul 2026
- 2026Bake It Till You Make It: Ultrafast Spatial Texture-Atlas Splatting15 Jul 2026
- 2026Resonant Brane Splatting for Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution28 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Spherical Harmonics: Rethinking Appearance Models for Radiance Reconstruction8 Jun 2026
- 2026Recent Advances and Trends in Learning-based 3D Representations3 Jun 2026
- 2026Depth Peeling for High-Fidelity Gaussian-Enhanced Surfel Rendering25 May 2026
- 2026Power Foam: Unifying Real-Time Differentiable Ray Tracing and Rasterization27 Apr 2026
- 2026A Comparative Evaluation of Geometric Accuracy in NeRF and Gaussian Splatting20 Apr 2026
- 2026Hybrid Latents: Geometry-Appearance-Aware Surfel Splatting16 Apr 2026
26 more
- 2026Neural Harmonic Textures for High-Quality Primitive Based Neural Reconstruction1 Apr 2026
- 2026Confidence-Based Mesh Extraction from 3D Gaussians25 Mar 2026
- 2026Fourier Splatting: Generalized Fourier encoded primitives for scalable radiance fields20 Mar 2026
- 2026From ex(p) to poly: Gaussian Splatting with Polynomial Kernels19 Mar 2026
- 2026NanoGS: Training-Free Gaussian Splat Simplification17 Mar 2026
- 2026Augmented Radiance Field: A General Framework for Enhanced Gaussian Splatting23 Feb 2026
- 2026Faster-GS: Analyzing and Improving Gaussian Splatting Optimization10 Feb 2026
- 2026A Step to Decouple Optimization in 3DGS23 Jan 2026
- 2026AdaGaR: Adaptive Gabor Representation for Dynamic Scene Reconstruction2 Jan 2026
- 2025Spherical Voronoi: Directional Appearance as a Differentiable Partition of the Sphere16 Dec 2025
- 2025Consistent Instance Field for Dynamic Scene Understanding16 Dec 2025
- 2025Nexels: Neurally-Textured Surfels for Real-Time Novel View Synthesis with Sparse Geometries15 Dec 2025
- 2025Radiance Meshes for Volumetric Reconstruction3 Dec 2025
- 2025ConeGS: Error-Guided Densification Using Pixel Cones for Improved Reconstruction With Fewer Primitives10 Nov 2025
- 2025Iterative Motion Compensation for Canonical 3D Reconstruction from UAV Plant Images Captured in Windy Conditions17 Oct 2025
- 2025Splat the Net: Radiance Fields with Splattable Neural Primitives9 Oct 2025
- 2025Universal Beta Splatting30 Sep 2025
- 2025ContraGS: Codebook-Condensed and Trainable Gaussian Splatting for Fast, Memory-Efficient Reconstruction3 Sep 2025
- 2025A Bag of Tricks for Efficient Implicit Neural Point Clouds26 Aug 2025
- 2025IDU: Incremental Dynamic Update of Existing 3D Virtual Environments with New Imagery Data25 Aug 2025
- 2025Splat Feature Solver17 Aug 2025
- 20253DGabSplat: 3D Gabor Splatting for Frequency-adaptive Radiance Field Rendering7 Aug 2025
- 2025The Architecture of Trust: A Framework for AI-Augmented Real Estate Valuation in the Era of Structured Data4 Aug 2025
- 2025SOF: Sorted Opacity Fields for Fast Unbounded Surface Reconstruction23 Jun 2025
- 2025Radiant Triangle Soup with Soft Connectivity Forces for 3D Reconstruction and Novel View Synthesis29 May 2025
- 2025Triangle Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering25 May 2025
- 2025Triangle Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 50
- 2026Faster-GS: Analyzing and Improving Gaussian Splatting Optimizationcited by 17
- 2025Spherical Voronoi: Directional Appearance as a Differentiable Partition of the Spherecited by 11
- 20253DGabSplat: 3D Gabor Splatting for Frequency-adaptive Radiance Field Renderingcited by 10
- 2026AdaGaR: Adaptive Gabor Representation for Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 9
- 2025Radiance Meshes for Volumetric Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2025SOF: Sorted Opacity Fields for Fast Unbounded Surface Reconstructioncited by 7
- 2025Splat Feature Solvercited by 7
- 2025Splat the Net: Radiance Fields with Splattable Neural Primitivescited by 7
- 2025ConeGS: Error-Guided Densification Using Pixel Cones for Improved Reconstruction With Fewer Primitivescited by 6
- 2025Consistent Instance Field for Dynamic Scene Understandingcited by 5
- 2025ContraGS: Codebook-Condensed and Trainable Gaussian Splatting for Fast, Memory-Efficient Reconstructioncited by 4
12 most cited of 38 All 38 (JSON)
- 2026Compact Neural Appearance Models for Efficient Gaussian Splatting4 Sep 2026
- 2026Point-Based 3D Reconstruction from Sparse Views under Known Illumination20 Aug 2026
- 20263D Gaussian Accelerated Ray Tracing: Fast training through particle-based backward propagation18 Aug 2026
- 2026Deformable Triangle Splatting: Flexible Primitives for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering24 Jul 2026
- 2026Bake It Till You Make It: Ultrafast Spatial Texture-Atlas Splatting15 Jul 2026
- 2026Resonant Brane Splatting for Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution28 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Spherical Harmonics: Rethinking Appearance Models for Radiance Reconstruction8 Jun 2026
- 2026Recent Advances and Trends in Learning-based 3D Representations3 Jun 2026
- 2026Depth Peeling for High-Fidelity Gaussian-Enhanced Surfel Rendering25 May 2026
- 2026Power Foam: Unifying Real-Time Differentiable Ray Tracing and Rasterization27 Apr 2026
- 2026A Comparative Evaluation of Geometric Accuracy in NeRF and Gaussian Splatting20 Apr 2026
- 2026Hybrid Latents: Geometry-Appearance-Aware Surfel Splatting16 Apr 2026
12 newest of 38 All 38 (JSON)