mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

FastNeRF: High-Fidelity Neural Rendering at 200FPS

arXiv 2103.10380 ↗First posted 18 Mar 2021cs.CVcited by 510

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent work on Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) showed how neural networks can be used to encode complex 3D environments that can be rendered photorealistically from novel viewpoints. Rendering these images is very computationally demanding and recent improvements are still a long way from enabling interactive rates, even on high-end hardware. Motivated by scenarios on mobile and mixed reality devices, we propose FastNeRF, the first NeRF-based system capable of rendering high fidelity photorealistic images at 200Hz on a high-end consumer GPU. The core of our method is a graphics-inspired factorization that allows for (i) compactly caching a deep radiance map at each position in space, (ii) efficiently querying that map using ray directions to estimate the pixel values in the rendered image. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method is 3000 times faster than the original NeRF algorithm and at least an order of magnitude faster than existing work on accelerating NeRF, while maintaining visual quality and extensibility.

Key facts. Cited by 510 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Mar 2021.

Builds on

30 of 59 references.

References · 30

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  3. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  4. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
  5. 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,682
  6. 2020Fourier Features Let Networks Learn High Frequency Functions in Low Dimensional Domainscited by 2,170
  7. 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,037
  8. 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,459
  9. 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,230
  10. 2018Learning Implicit Fields for Generative Shape Modelingcited by 1,060
  11. 2020Neural Sparse Voxel Fieldscited by 959
  12. 2020NeRF++: Analyzing and Improving Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 857
18 more
  1. 2020Neural Scene Flow Fields for Space-Time View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenescited by 750
  2. 2019Local Light Field Fusion: Practical View Synthesis with Prescriptive Sampling Guidelinescited by 672
  3. 2020NeRV: Neural Reflectance and Visibility Fields for Relighting and View Synthesiscited by 493
  4. 2020Dynamic Neural Radiance Fields for Monocular 4D Facial Avatar Reconstructioncited by 465
  5. 2017Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks: A Tutorial and Surveycited by 427
  6. 2021Neural Geometric Level of Detail: Real-time Rendering with Implicit 3D Shapescited by 426
  7. 2020Space-time Neural Irradiance Fields for Free-Viewpoint Videocited by 414
  8. 2021Mixture of Volumetric Primitives for Efficient Neural Renderingcited by 277
  9. 2020Learned Initializations for Optimizing Coordinate-Based Neural Representationscited by 240
  10. 2020AutoInt: Automatic Integration for Fast Neural Volume Renderingcited by 204
  11. 2020Neural Reflectance Fields for Appearance Acquisitioncited by 196
  12. 2020Stable View Synthesiscited by 165
  13. 2018Deep Appearance Models for Face Renderingcited by 164
  14. 2020DeRF: Decomposed Radiance Fieldscited by 163
  15. 2020Deep Reflectance Volumes: Relightable Reconstructions from Multi-View Photometric Imagescited by 98
  16. 2019Reconstructing continuous distributions of 3D protein structure from cryo-EM imagescited by 56
  17. 2016Deep Shading: Convolutional Neural Networks for Screen-Space Shadingcited by 46
  18. 2020TRANSPR: Transparency Ray-Accumulating Neural 3D Scene Point Renderercited by 9

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 44; 2022: 115; 2023: 138; 2024: 111; 2025: 74; 2026: 28.

510 papers.

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  1. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
  2. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
  3. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,607
  4. 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,275
  5. 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,204
  6. 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 961
  7. 2021PlenOctrees for Real-time Rendering of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 904
  8. 2023Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 753
  9. 2022Block-NeRF: Scalable Large Scene Neural View Synthesiscited by 720
  10. 2021KiloNeRF: Speeding up Neural Radiance Fields with Thousands of Tiny MLPscited by 672
  11. 2023Nerfstudio: A Modular Framework for Neural Radiance Field Developmentcited by 596
  12. 2023HexPlane: A Fast Representation for Dynamic Scenescited by 582
38 more
  1. 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 539
  2. 2021Baking Neural Radiance Fields for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 465
  3. 2023LightGaussian: Unbounded 3D Gaussian Compression with 15x Reduction and 200+ FPScited by 420
  4. 2021Mega-NeRF: Scalable Construction of Large-Scale NeRFs for Virtual Fly-Throughscited by 396
  5. 2021Advances in Neural Renderingcited by 365
  6. 2021Extracting Triangular 3D Models, Materials, and Lighting From Imagescited by 363
  7. 2023DrivingGaussian: Composite Gaussian Splatting for Surrounding Dynamic Autonomous Driving Scenescited by 359
  8. 2022Fast Dynamic Radiance Fields with Time-Aware Neural Voxelscited by 344
  9. 2022MobileNeRF: Exploiting the Polygon Rasterization Pipeline for Efficient Neural Field Rendering on Mobile Architecturescited by 308
  10. 2023FSGS: Real-Time Few-shot View Synthesis using Gaussian Splattingcited by 278
  11. 20223D Neural Field Generation using Triplane Diffusioncited by 274
  12. 2023Triplane Meets Gaussian Splatting: Fast and Generalizable Single-View 3D Reconstruction with Transformerscited by 257
  13. 2023SparseNeRF: Distilling Depth Ranking for Few-shot Novel View Synthesiscited by 247
  14. 2022NoPe-NeRF: Optimising Neural Radiance Field with No Pose Priorcited by 235
  15. 2021HeadNeRF: A Real-time NeRF-based Parametric Head Modelcited by 228
  16. 2023LucidDreamer: Domain-free Generation of 3D Gaussian Splatting Scenescited by 228
  17. 2021Scene Representation Transformer: Geometry-Free Novel View Synthesis Through Set-Latent Scene Representationscited by 222
  18. 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 221
  19. 2023BakedSDF: Meshing Neural SDFs for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 220
  20. 2022NeRF-Editing: Geometry Editing of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 216
  21. 2023MERF: Memory-Efficient Radiance Fields for Real-time View Synthesis in Unbounded Scenescited by 215
  22. 2023COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 193
  23. 2021Neural Rays for Occlusion-aware Image-based Renderingcited by 192
  24. 2023Depth-Regularized Optimization for 3D Gaussian Splatting in Few-Shot Imagescited by 172
  25. 2023GauHuman: Articulated Gaussian Splatting from Monocular Human Videoscited by 168
  26. 2022Fourier PlenOctrees for Dynamic Radiance Field Rendering in Real-timecited by 164
  27. 2022Shape, Light, and Material Decomposition from Images using Monte Carlo Rendering and Denoisingcited by 163
  28. 2022NeRF: Neural Radiance Field in 3D Vision: A Comprehensive Review (Updated Post-Gaussian Splatting)cited by 156
  29. 20243DGStream: On-the-Fly Training of 3D Gaussians for Efficient Streaming of Photo-Realistic Free-Viewpoint Videoscited by 156
  30. 2022NeRFPlayer: A Streamable Dynamic Scene Representation with Decomposed Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 151
  31. 2021Efficient Neural Radiance Fields for Interactive Free-viewpoint Videocited by 150
  32. 2023Compact 3D Scene Representation via Self-Organizing Gaussian Gridscited by 147
  33. 2021BACON: Band-limited Coordinate Networks for Multiscale Scene Representationcited by 142
  34. 2023Tri-MipRF: Tri-Mip Representation for Efficient Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 142
  35. 2022NeuMesh: Learning Disentangled Neural Mesh-based Implicit Field for Geometry and Texture Editingcited by 141
  36. 2022InstantAvatar: Learning Avatars from Monocular Video in 60 Secondscited by 138
  37. 2023Relightable 3D Gaussians: Realistic Point Cloud Relighting with BRDF Decomposition and Ray Tracingcited by 138
  38. 2023NeuSG: Neural Implicit Surface Reconstruction with 3D Gaussian Splatting Guidancecited by 137

50 most cited of 510 All 510 (JSON)