mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splatting

arXiv 2311.16493 ↗First posted 27 Nov 2023cs.CVcited by 667

Not on the map. Why?

Cited by 28 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, 3D Gaussian Splatting has demonstrated impressive novel view synthesis results, reaching high fidelity and efficiency. However, strong artifacts can be observed when changing the sampling rate, eg, by changing focal length or camera distance. We find that the source for this phenomenon can be attributed to the lack of 3D frequency constraints and the usage of a 2D dilation filter. To address this problem, we introduce a 3D smoothing filter which constrains the size of the 3D Gaussian primitives based on the maximal sampling frequency induced by the input views, eliminating high-frequency artifacts when zooming in. Moreover, replacing 2D dilation with a 2D Mip filter, which simulates a 2D box filter, effectively mitigates aliasing and dilation issues. Our evaluation, including scenarios such a training on single-scale images and testing on multiple scales, validates the effectiveness of our approach.

Key facts. Cited by 667 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Nov 2023.

Builds on

32 of 61 references.

References · 32

  1. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,305
  2. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
  3. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
  4. 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,689
  5. 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,041
  6. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,032
  7. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,964
  8. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,613
  9. 2018Learning Implicit Fields for Generative Shape Modelingcited by 1,060
  10. 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 964
  11. 2020Neural Sparse Voxel Fieldscited by 959
  12. 2021PlenOctrees for Real-time Rendering of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 905
20 more
  1. 2020NeRF++: Analyzing and Improving Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 861
  2. 2021KiloNeRF: Speeding up Neural Radiance Fields with Thousands of Tiny MLPscited by 673
  3. 2023Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 671
  4. 2022Point-NeRF: Point-based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 503
  5. 2022MonoSDF: Exploring Monocular Geometric Cues for Neural Implicit Surface Reconstructioncited by 470
  6. 2021Baking Neural Radiance Fields for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 468
  7. 2019SynSin: End-to-end View Synthesis from a Single Imagecited by 364
  8. 2021NeRF in the Dark: High Dynamic Range View Synthesis from Noisy Raw Imagescited by 336
  9. 2019Differentiable Surface Splatting for Point-based Geometry Processingcited by 239
  10. 2023BakedSDF: Meshing Neural SDFs for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 221
  11. 2023MERF: Memory-Efficient Radiance Fields for Real-time View Synthesis in Unbounded Scenescited by 218
  12. 2021Shape As Points: A Differentiable Poisson Solvercited by 187
  13. 2022PointAvatar: Deformable Point-based Head Avatars from Videoscited by 184
  14. 2023Tri-MipRF: Tri-Mip Representation for Efficient Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 143
  15. 2023NerfAcc: Efficient Sampling Accelerates NeRFscited by 90
  16. 2023NeuRBF: A Neural Fields Representation with Adaptive Radial Basis Functionscited by 65
  17. 2023Tetra-NeRF: Representing Neural Radiance Fields Using Tetrahedracited by 57
  18. 2023Dynamic Point Fieldscited by 37
  19. 2023Anti-Aliased Neural Implicit Surfaces with Encoding Level of Detailcited by 23
  20. 2023Neural Radiance Fields: Past, Present, and Futurecited by 8

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 200; 2025: 272; 2026: 195.

667 papers.

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  1. 2024Structured 3D Latents for Scalable and Versatile 3D Generationcited by 770
  2. 2025Continuous 3D Perception Model with Persistent Statecited by 548
  3. 2024gsplat: An Open-Source Library for Gaussian Splattingcited by 285
  4. 2025AnySplat: Feed-forward 3D Gaussian Splatting from Unconstrained Viewscited by 243
  5. 2024Gaussian Opacity Fields: Efficient Adaptive Surface Reconstruction in Unbounded Scenescited by 232
  6. 2024Octree-GS: Towards Consistent Real-time Rendering with LOD-Structured 3D Gaussianscited by 230
  7. 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 224
  8. 20243D Gaussian Splatting as Markov Chain Monte Carlocited by 217
  9. 2024A Hierarchical 3D Gaussian Representation for Real-Time Rendering of Very Large Datasetscited by 216
  10. 2024Mini-Splatting: Representing Scenes with a Constrained Number of Gaussianscited by 213
  11. 2024WonderWorld: Interactive 3D Scene Generation from a Single Imagecited by 202
  12. 2024GaussianPro: 3D Gaussian Splatting with Progressive Propagationcited by 200
38 more
  1. 2024LVSM: A Large View Synthesis Model with Minimal 3D Inductive Biascited by 189
  2. 2025Native and Compact Structured Latents for 3D Generationcited by 175
  3. 2024WildGaussians: 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 152
  4. 2024MV-DUSt3R+: Single-Stage Scene Reconstruction from Sparse Views In 2 Secondscited by 141
  5. 2024Reducing the Memory Footprint of 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 133
  6. 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 131
  7. 2024Revising Densification in Gaussian Splattingcited by 128
  8. 2025TrajectoryCrafter: Redirecting Camera Trajectory for Monocular Videos via Diffusion Modelscited by 125
  9. 2024DriveDreamer4D: World Models Are Effective Data Machines for 4D Driving Scene Representationcited by 123
  10. 2024Gaussian in the Wild: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Unconstrained Image Collectionscited by 117
  11. 2024Long-LRM: Long-sequence Large Reconstruction Model for Wide-coverage Gaussian Splatscited by 114
  12. 2024RadSplat: Radiance Field-Informed Gaussian Splatting for Robust Real-Time Rendering with 900+ FPScited by 113
  13. 2024Pixel-GS: Density Control with Pixel-aware Gradient for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 113
  14. 2024StopThePop: Sorted Gaussian Splatting for View-Consistent Real-time Renderingcited by 111
  15. 20243D Gaussian as a New Era: A Surveycited by 104
  16. 2024FreeSplat: Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting Towards Free-View Synthesis of Indoor Scenescited by 89
  17. 2024ReconDreamer: Crafting World Models for Driving Scene Reconstruction via Online Restorationcited by 89
  18. 2024FlashGS: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale and High-resolution Renderingcited by 88
  19. 20243DGUT: Enabling Distorted Cameras and Secondary Rays in Gaussian Splattingcited by 88
  20. 2024CompGS: Efficient 3D Scene Representation via Compressed Gaussian Splattingcited by 82
  21. 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 78
  22. 2024Fully Explicit Dynamic Gaussian Splattingcited by 76
  23. 2024End-to-End Rate-Distortion Optimized 3D Gaussian Representationcited by 75
  24. 2024InstantSplat: Sparse-view Gaussian Splatting in Secondscited by 70
  25. 2024SplatAD: Real-Time Lidar and Camera Rendering with 3D Gaussian Splatting for Autonomous Drivingcited by 69
  26. 2024Analytic-Splatting: Anti-Aliased 3D Gaussian Splatting via Analytic Integrationcited by 67
  27. 2024GS2Mesh: Surface Reconstruction from Gaussian Splatting via Novel Stereo Viewscited by 67
  28. 2024R2-Gaussian: Rectifying Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Tomographic Reconstructioncited by 67
  29. 2025WorldMirror: Universal 3D World Reconstruction with Any-Prior Promptingcited by 67
  30. 2025DropGaussian: Structural Regularization for Sparse-view Gaussian Splattingcited by 65
  31. 2024PF3plat: Pose-Free Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 62
  32. 2024SWAG: Splatting in the Wild images with Appearance-conditioned Gaussianscited by 61
  33. 2024SpotlessSplats: Ignoring Distractors in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 61
  34. 2024HiSplat: Hierarchical 3D Gaussian Splatting for Generalizable Sparse-View Reconstructioncited by 57
  35. 2024LaRa: Efficient Large-Baseline Radiance Fieldscited by 55
  36. 2024SplatFields: Neural Gaussian Splats for Sparse 3D and 4D Reconstructioncited by 52
  37. 2025SceneSplat: Gaussian Splatting-based Scene Understanding with Vision-Language Pretrainingcited by 52
  38. 2024DOGS: Distributed-Oriented Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale 3D Reconstruction Via Gaussian Consensuscited by 51

50 most cited of 667 All 667 (JSON)