mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

EVER: Exact Volumetric Ellipsoid Rendering for Real-time View Synthesis

arXiv 2410.01804 ↗First posted 2 Oct 2024cs.CVcited by 48

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present Exact Volumetric Ellipsoid Rendering (EVER), a method for real-time differentiable emission-only volume rendering. Unlike recent rasterization based approach by 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), our primitive based representation allows for exact volume rendering, rather than alpha compositing 3D Gaussian billboards. As such, unlike 3DGS our formulation does not suffer from popping artifacts and view dependent density, but still achieves frame rates of ~!30 FPS at 720p on an NVIDIA RTX4090. Since our approach is built upon ray tracing it enables effects such as defocus blur and camera distortion (e.g. such as from fisheye cameras), which are difficult to achieve by rasterization. We show that our method is more accurate with fewer blending issues than 3DGS and follow-up work on view-consistent rendering, especially on the challenging large-scale scenes from the Zip-NeRF dataset where it achieves sharpest results among real-time techniques.

Key facts. Cited by 48 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Oct 2024.

Builds on

38 of 54 references.

References · 38

  1. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
  2. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
  3. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,032
  4. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,964
  5. 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,712
  6. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,613
  7. 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,205
  8. 20242D Gaussian Splatting for Geometrically Accurate Radiance Fieldscited by 1,076
  9. 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 964
  10. 2021PlenOctrees for Real-time Rendering of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 905
  11. 2023Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 671
  12. 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 667
26 more
  1. 2021FastNeRF: High-Fidelity Neural Rendering at 200FPScited by 511
  2. 2022Point-NeRF: Point-based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 503
  3. 2023Neuralangelo: High-Fidelity Neural Surface Reconstructioncited by 467
  4. 2022MobileNeRF: Exploiting the Polygon Rasterization Pipeline for Efficient Neural Field Rendering on Mobile Architecturescited by 311
  5. 2021Mixture of Volumetric Primitives for Efficient Neural Renderingcited by 277
  6. 2024Gaussian Opacity Fields: Efficient Adaptive Surface Reconstruction in Unbounded Scenescited by 232
  7. 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 224
  8. 2023BakedSDF: Meshing Neural SDFs for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 221
  9. 2023MERF: Memory-Efficient Radiance Fields for Real-time View Synthesis in Unbounded Scenescited by 218
  10. 20243D Gaussian Splatting as Markov Chain Monte Carlocited by 217
  11. 20243D Gaussian Ray Tracing: Fast Tracing of Particle Scenescited by 139
  12. 2024Revising Densification in Gaussian Splattingcited by 128
  13. 2024RadSplat: Radiance Field-Informed Gaussian Splatting for Robust Real-Time Rendering with 900+ FPScited by 113
  14. 2024StopThePop: Sorted Gaussian Splatting for View-Consistent Real-time Renderingcited by 111
  15. 2023Adaptive Shells for Efficient Neural Radiance Field Renderingcited by 69
  16. 2023SMERF: Streamable Memory Efficient Radiance Fields for Real-Time Large-Scene Explorationcited by 62
  17. 2023NeRFMeshing: Distilling Neural Radiance Fields into Geometrically-Accurate 3D Meshescited by 53
  18. 2024Binary Opacity Grids: Capturing Fine Geometric Detail for Mesh-Based View Synthesiscited by 41
  19. 2023Learning Neural Duplex Radiance Fields for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 28
  20. 2023HybridNeRF: Efficient Neural Rendering via Adaptive Volumetric Surfacescited by 28
  21. 2022VoGE: A Differentiable Volume Renderer using Gaussian Ellipsoids for Analysis-by-Synthesiscited by 22
  22. 2024SAGS: Structure-Aware 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 21
  23. 2023Re-ReND: Real-time Rendering of NeRFs across Devicescited by 17
  24. 2024Unified Gaussian Primitives for Scene Representation and Renderingcited by 12
  25. 2024RayGauss: Volumetric Gaussian-Based Ray Casting for Photorealistic Novel View Synthesiscited by 11
  26. 2024Lightweight Predictive 3D Gaussian Splatscited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 26; 2026: 15.

48 papers.

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  1. 20243DGUT: Enabling Distorted Cameras and Secondary Rays in Gaussian Splattingcited by 88
  2. 20243D Convex Splatting: Radiance Field Rendering with 3D Smooth Convexescited by 50
  3. 2025Triangle Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 50
  4. 2024Sparse Voxels Rasterization: Real-time High-fidelity Radiance Field Renderingcited by 35
  5. 2025Radiant Foam: Real-Time Differentiable Ray Tracingcited by 34
  6. 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
  7. 2025LinPrim: Linear Primitives for Differentiable Volumetric Renderingcited by 21
  8. 2025StochasticSplats: Stochastic Rasterization for Sorting-Free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 19
  9. 20257DGS: Unified Spatial-Temporal-Angular Gaussian Splattingcited by 18
  10. 2025GeoSVR: Taming Sparse Voxels for Geometrically Accurate Surface Reconstructioncited by 17
  11. 2026Faster-GS: Analyzing and Improving Gaussian Splatting Optimizationcited by 17
  12. 2024Efficient Scene Modeling via Structure-Aware and Region-Prioritized 3D Gaussianscited by 15
36 more
  1. 2024Volumetrically Consistent 3D Gaussian Rasterizationcited by 12
  2. 2025AAA-Gaussians: Anti-Aliased and Artifact-Free 3D Gaussian Renderingcited by 12
  3. 2024LiDAR-RT: Gaussian-based Ray Tracing for Dynamic LiDAR Re-simulationcited by 11
  4. 2025Spherical Voronoi: Directional Appearance as a Differentiable Partition of the Spherecited by 11
  5. 2025Hardware-Rasterized Ray-Based Gaussian Splattingcited by 10
  6. 20253DGEER: 3D Gaussian Rendering Made Exact and Efficient for Generic Camerascited by 8
  7. 2025Radiance Meshes for Volumetric Reconstructioncited by 8
  8. 2025SOF: Sorted Opacity Fields for Fast Unbounded Surface Reconstructioncited by 7
  9. 2025Splat the Net: Radiance Fields with Splattable Neural Primitivescited by 7
  10. 2025ConeGS: Error-Guided Densification Using Pixel Cones for Improved Reconstruction With Fewer Primitivescited by 6
  11. 2025AG2aussian: Anchor-Graph Structured Gaussian Splatting for Instance-Level 3D Scene Understanding and Editingcited by 4
  12. 2026From Blobs to Spokes: High-Fidelity Surface Reconstruction via Oriented Gaussianscited by 4
  13. 2025SaLF: Sparse Local Fields for Multi-Sensor Rendering in Real-Timecited by 3
  14. 2025RLGS: Reinforcement Learning-Based Adaptive Hyperparameter Tuning for Gaussian Splattingcited by 3
  15. 2026ShadowGS: Shadow-Aware 3D Gaussian Splatting for Satellite Imagerycited by 3
  16. 2025Photoreal Scene Reconstruction from an Egocentric Devicecited by 2
  17. 2025Moment-Based 3D Gaussian Splatting: Resolving Volumetric Occlusion with Order-Independent Transmittancecited by 2
  18. 2025MatSpray: Fusing 2D Material World Knowledge on 3D Geometrycited by 2
  19. 2026Depth Peeling for High-Fidelity Gaussian-Enhanced Surfel Renderingcited by 2
  20. 2025Next-Scale Autoregressive Models are Zero-Shot Single-Image Object View Synthesizerscited by 1
  21. 2025A Bag of Tricks for Efficient Implicit Neural Point Cloudscited by 1
  22. 2025RayGaussX: Accelerating Gaussian-Based Ray Marching for Real-Time and High-Quality Novel View Synthesiscited by 1
  23. 2026GRTX: Efficient Ray Tracing for 3D Gaussian-Based Renderingcited by 1
  24. 2026Stochastic Ray Tracing for the Reconstruction of 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
  25. 2026DirectFisheye-GS: Enabling Native Fisheye Input in Gaussian Splatting with Cross-View Joint Optimizationcited by 1
  26. 2024Projecting Gaussian Ellipsoids While Avoiding Affine Projection Approximationcited by 0
  27. 2025Multi-Sample Anti-Aliasing and Constrained Optimization for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
  28. 2025Towards High-Fidelity Gaussian Splatting with Queried-Convolution Neural Networkscited by 0
  29. 2026Eulerian Gaussian Splatting using Hashed Probability Pyramidscited by 0
  30. 2026MLP Splatting: Object-Centric Neural Fieldscited by 0
  31. 2026TRON: Tracing Rays to Orchestrate a Neural Renderer for 3D Gaussian Reconstructionscited by 0
  32. 20263D Gaussian Accelerated Ray Tracing: Fast training through particle-based backward propagationcited by 0
  33. 2026Compact Neural Appearance Models for Efficient Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
  34. 2026ConeGaussian: Anti-Aliased Gaussian Ray-Tracing for Generic Central Camerascited by 0
  35. 2026SteadySplats: Resampling of Low-Variance Gaussians for High-Fidelity Stochastic Renderingcited by 0
  36. 2026Efficient Confidence-Aware Densification for 3DGScited by 0