Real-time Deep Dynamic Characters
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a deep videorealistic 3D human character model displaying highly realistic shape, motion, and dynamic appearance learned in a new weakly supervised way from multi-view imagery. In contrast to previous work, our controllable 3D character displays dynamics, e.g., the swing of the skirt, dependent on skeletal body motion in an efficient data-driven way, without requiring complex physics simulation. Our character model also features a learned dynamic texture model that accounts for photo-realistic motion-dependent appearance details, as well as view-dependent lighting effects. During training, we do not need to resort to difficult dynamic 3D capture of the human; instead we can train our model entirely from multi-view video in a weakly supervised manner. To this end, we propose a parametric and differentiable character representation which allows us to model coarse and fine dynamic deformations, e.g., garment wrinkles, as explicit space-time coherent mesh geometry that is augmented with high-quality dynamic textures dependent on motion and view point. As input to the model, only an arbitrary 3D skeleton motion is required, making it directly compatible with the established 3D animation pipeline. We use a novel graph convolutional network architecture to enable motion-dependent deformation learning of body and clothing, including dynamics, and a neural generative dynamic texture model creates corresponding dynamic texture maps. We show that by merely providing new skeletal motions, our model creates motion-dependent surface deformations, physically plausible dynamic clothing deformations, as well as video-realistic surface textures at a much higher level of detail than previous state of the art approaches, and even in real-time.
Key facts. Cited by 133 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 49 of its 100 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 May 2021.
Builds on
49 of 100 references.
References · 49
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37 more
- 2020Dynamic Neural Radiance Fields for Monocular 4D Facial Avatar Reconstructioncited by 467
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- 2018Everybody Dance Nowcited by 315
- 2018Deep Video Portraitscited by 267
- 2017Pose Guided Person Image Generationcited by 251
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- 2019Multi-Garment Net: Learning to Dress 3D People from Imagescited by 245
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- 2018Deep Appearance Models for Face Renderingcited by 164
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- 2020TailorNet: Predicting Clothing in 3D as a Function of Human Pose, Shape and Garment Stylecited by 149
- 2018Detailed Human Avatars from Monocular Videocited by 109
- 2017Disentangled Person Image Generationcited by 98
- 2018LiveCap: Real-time Human Performance Capture from Monocular Videocited by 93
- 2018DeepWrinkles: Accurate and Realistic Clothing Modelingcited by 90
- 2019Learning-Based Animation of Clothing for Virtual Try-Oncited by 89
- 2020Learning Compositional Radiance Fields of Dynamic Human Headscited by 78
- 2018GarNet: A Two-Stream Network for Fast and Accurate 3D Cloth Drapingcited by 69
- 2019Textured Neural Avatarscited by 65
- 2021Neural Re-Rendering of Humans from a Single Imagecited by 59
- 2018Unsupervised Person Image Synthesis in Arbitrary Posescited by 55
- 2020Pose-Guided Human Animation from a Single Image in the Wildcited by 53
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- 2020TexMesh: Reconstructing Detailed Human Texture and Geometry from RGB-D Videocited by 28
- 2020Deep Detail Enhancement for Any Garmentcited by 22
- 2020MulayCap: Multi-layer Human Performance Capture Using A Monocular Video Cameracited by 14
- 2020Going beyond Free Viewpoint: Creating Animatable Volumetric Video of Human Performancescited by 6
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 29; 2023: 30; 2024: 27; 2025: 21; 2026: 16.
133 papers.
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- 2022HumanNeRF: Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving People from Monocular Videocited by 483
- 2022NeuS2: Fast Learning of Neural Implicit Surfaces for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 314
- 2021Neural Rays for Occlusion-aware Image-based Renderingcited by 192
- 2023GaussianAvatar: Towards Realistic Human Avatar Modeling from a Single Video via Animatable 3D Gaussianscited by 191
- 2023GauHuman: Articulated Gaussian Splatting from Monocular Human Videoscited by 168
- 2023HumanRF: High-Fidelity Neural Radiance Fields for Humans in Motioncited by 161
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- 2021Efficient Neural Radiance Fields for Interactive Free-viewpoint Videocited by 150
- 2023State of the Art on Diffusion Models for Visual Computingcited by 127
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38 more
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- 2021Modeling Clothing as a Separate Layer for an Animatable Human Avatarcited by 66
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- 2022Human Performance Modeling and Rendering via Neural Animated Meshcited by 64
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- 2022Predicting Loose-Fitting Garment Deformations Using Bone-Driven Motion Networkscited by 39
- 2022DANBO: Disentangled Articulated Neural Body Representations via Graph Neural Networkscited by 38
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- 2022Animatable Implicit Neural Representations for Creating Realistic Avatars from Videoscited by 33
- 2023HOSNeRF: Dynamic Human-Object-Scene Neural Radiance Fields from a Single Videocited by 33
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- 2025Vid2Avatar-Pro: Authentic Avatar from Videos in the Wild via Universal Priorcited by 31
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- 2022AvatarCap: Animatable Avatar Conditioned Monocular Human Volumetric Capturecited by 25
- 2024Morphable Diffusion: 3D-Consistent Diffusion for Single-image Avatar Creationcited by 23
- 2023Drivable Avatar Clothing: Faithful Full-Body Telepresence with Dynamic Clothing Driven by Sparse RGB-D Inputcited by 22
- 2024LayGA: Layered Gaussian Avatars for Animatable Clothing Transfercited by 22
- 2025Relightable Full-Body Gaussian Codec Avatarscited by 22
- 2022Dressing Avatars: Deep Photorealistic Appearance for Physically Simulated Clothingcited by 19
50 most cited of 133 All 133 (JSON)
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- 2026EgoRelight: Egocentric Human Capture and Illumination Recovery for Relightable and Photoreal Avatar Rendering27 May 2026
- 2026Latent Dynamics for Full Body Avatar Animation20 May 2026
- 2026High-Fidelity Mobile Avatars with Pruned Local Blendshapes3 May 2026
- 2026MUA: Mobile Ultra-detailed Animatable Avatars20 Apr 2026
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- 2025Relightable Holoported Characters: Capturing and Relighting Dynamic Human Performance from Sparse Views29 Nov 2025
- 2025Advances in 4D Representation: Geometry, Motion, and Interaction22 Oct 2025
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- 2025MPMAvatar: Learning 3D Gaussian Avatars with Accurate and Robust Physics-Based Dynamics2 Oct 2025
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- 2024DEGAS: Detailed Expressions on Full-Body Gaussian Avatars20 Aug 2024
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- 2024Motion-Oriented Compositional Neural Radiance Fields for Monocular Dynamic Human Modeling16 Jul 2024
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50 newest of 133 All 133 (JSON)
- 2023State of the Art on Diffusion Models for Visual Computingcited by 127
- 2024Morphable Diffusion: 3D-Consistent Diffusion for Single-image Avatar Creationcited by 23
- 2025REWIND: Real-Time Egocentric Whole-Body Motion Diffusion with Exemplar-Based Identity Conditioningcited by 14
- 2025HumanGif: Single-View Human Diffusion with Generative Priorcited by 7
- 2024TEDRA: Text-based Editing of Dynamic and Photoreal Actorscited by 1
- 2024PocoLoco: A Point Cloud Diffusion Model of Human Shape in Loose Clothingcited by 1
- 2025REWIND: Real-Time Egocentric Whole-Body Motion Diffusion with Exemplar-Based Identity Conditioning7 Apr 2025
- 2025HumanGif: Single-View Human Diffusion with Generative Prior17 Feb 2025
- 2024PocoLoco: A Point Cloud Diffusion Model of Human Shape in Loose Clothing6 Nov 2024
- 2024TEDRA: Text-based Editing of Dynamic and Photoreal Actors28 Aug 2024
- 2024Morphable Diffusion: 3D-Consistent Diffusion for Single-image Avatar Creation9 Jan 2024
- 2023State of the Art on Diffusion Models for Visual Computing11 Oct 2023
- 2022HumanNeRF: Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving People from Monocular Videocited by 483
- 2022NeuS2: Fast Learning of Neural Implicit Surfaces for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 314
- 2021Neural Rays for Occlusion-aware Image-based Renderingcited by 192
- 2023GaussianAvatar: Towards Realistic Human Avatar Modeling from a Single Video via Animatable 3D Gaussianscited by 191
- 2023GauHuman: Articulated Gaussian Splatting from Monocular Human Videoscited by 168
- 2023HumanRF: High-Fidelity Neural Radiance Fields for Humans in Motioncited by 161
- 2021H-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Rendering and Temporal Reconstruction of Humans in Motioncited by 157
- 2021Efficient Neural Radiance Fields for Interactive Free-viewpoint Videocited by 150
- 2023GART: Gaussian Articulated Template Modelscited by 121
- 2022HuMMan: Multi-Modal 4D Human Dataset for Versatile Sensing and Modelingcited by 117
- 2022Structured Local Radiance Fields for Human Avatar Modelingcited by 116
- 2021HumanNeRF: Efficiently Generated Human Radiance Field from Sparse Inputscited by 112
12 most cited of 127 All 127 (JSON)
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- 2026AvatarDynamizer: From Static to Dynamic Human Avatars via Generative Dynamic Textures20 Aug 2026
- 2026Efficient Human-Contact Representation for Human-Scene Interaction10 Aug 2026
- 2026LUNA: Learning Universal 3D Human Animation Beyond Skinning30 Jun 2026
- 2026Generative Relightable Avatars21 Jun 2026
- 20263D-DLP: Self-Supervised 3D Object-Centric Scene Representation Learning17 Jun 2026
- 2026TROPHIES: Temporal Reconstruction of Places, Humans, and Cameras from Multi-view Videos1 Jun 2026
- 2026EgoRelight: Egocentric Human Capture and Illumination Recovery for Relightable and Photoreal Avatar Rendering27 May 2026
- 2026Latent Dynamics for Full Body Avatar Animation20 May 2026
- 2026High-Fidelity Mobile Avatars with Pruned Local Blendshapes3 May 2026
- 2026MUA: Mobile Ultra-detailed Animatable Avatars20 Apr 2026
12 newest of 127 All 127 (JSON)