Deep Video Portraits
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a novel approach that enables photo-realistic re-animation of portrait videos using only an input video. In contrast to existing approaches that are restricted to manipulations of facial expressions only, we are the first to transfer the full 3D head position, head rotation, face expression, eye gaze, and eye blinking from a source actor to a portrait video of a target actor. The core of our approach is a generative neural network with a novel space-time architecture. The network takes as input synthetic renderings of a parametric face model, based on which it predicts photo-realistic video frames for a given target actor. The realism in this rendering-to-video transfer is achieved by careful adversarial training, and as a result, we can create modified target videos that mimic the behavior of the synthetically-created input. In order to enable source-to-target video re-animation, we render a synthetic target video with the reconstructed head animation parameters from a source video, and feed it into the trained network -- thus taking full control of the target. With the ability to freely recombine source and target parameters, we are able to demonstrate a large variety of video rewrite applications without explicitly modeling hair, body or background. For instance, we can reenact the full head using interactive user-controlled editing, and realize high-fidelity visual dubbing. To demonstrate the high quality of our output, we conduct an extensive series of experiments and evaluations, where for instance a user study shows that our video edits are hard to detect.
Key facts. Cited by 267 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 May 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 64; 2022: 70; 2023: 57; 2024: 38; 2025: 23; 2026: 15.
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- 2022SadTalker: Learning Realistic 3D Motion Coefficients for Stylized Audio-Driven Single Image Talking Face Animationcited by 382
- 2021AD-NeRF: Audio Driven Neural Radiance Fields for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 339
- 2021StyleSDF: High-Resolution 3D-Consistent Image and Geometry Generationcited by 289
- 2021Pose-Controllable Talking Face Generation by Implicitly Modularized Audio-Visual Representationcited by 288
- 2023GaussianAvatars: Photorealistic Head Avatars with Rigged 3D Gaussianscited by 260
- 2021Motion Representations for Articulated Animationcited by 255
- 2022EMOCA: Emotion Driven Monocular Face Capture and Animationcited by 255
- 2021GRAM: Generative Radiance Manifolds for 3D-Aware Image Generationcited by 216
- 2021HyperNeRF: A Higher-Dimensional Representation for Topologically Varying Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 214
- 2021Neural Head Avatars from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 213
- 2021FaceFormer: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Transformerscited by 209
- 2021PIRenderer: Controllable Portrait Image Generation via Semantic Neural Renderingcited by 203
38 more
- 2022PointAvatar: Deformable Point-based Head Avatars from Videoscited by 184
- 2023CodeTalker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Discrete Motion Priorcited by 184
- 2021Audio-Driven Emotional Video Portraitscited by 180
- 2024Follow-Your-Emoji: Fine-Controllable and Expressive Freestyle Portrait Animationcited by 174
- 2022StyleHEAT: One-Shot High-Resolution Editable Talking Face Generation via Pre-trained StyleGANcited by 169
- 2022Towards Metrical Reconstruction of Human Facescited by 166
- 2022EAMM: One-Shot Emotional Talking Face via Audio-Based Emotion-Aware Motion Modelcited by 151
- 2021Audio2Head: Audio-driven One-shot Talking-head Generation with Natural Head Motioncited by 149
- 2021Real-time Deep Dynamic Characterscited by 133
- 2022MegaPortraits: One-shot Megapixel Neural Head Avatarscited by 131
- 2022Reconstructing Personalized Semantic Facial NeRF Models From Monocular Videocited by 128
- 2022RigNeRF: Fully Controllable Neural 3D Portraitscited by 126
- 2022Next3D: Generative Neural Texture Rasterization for 3D-Aware Head Avatarscited by 124
- 2023Space-Time Diffusion Features for Zero-Shot Text-Driven Motion Transfercited by 124
- 2023PatchCraft: Exploring Texture Patch for Efficient AI-generated Image Detectioncited by 122
- 2022Realistic One-shot Mesh-based Head Avatarscited by 119
- 2023MagicPose: Realistic Human Poses and Facial Expressions Retargeting with Identity-aware Diffusioncited by 117
- 2023DCFace: Synthetic Face Generation with Dual Condition Diffusion Modelcited by 116
- 2023FlashAvatar: High-fidelity Head Avatar with Efficient Gaussian Embeddingcited by 108
- 2021Neural Actor: Neural Free-view Synthesis of Human Actors with Pose Controlcited by 106
- 2022VideoReTalking: Audio-based Lip Synchronization for Talking Head Video Editing In the Wildcited by 106
- 2023Seeing What You Said: Talking Face Generation Guided by a Lip Reading Expertcited by 98
- 2024Real3D-Portrait: One-shot Realistic 3D Talking Portrait Synthesiscited by 97
- 2022Progressive Disentangled Representation Learning for Fine-Grained Controllable Talking Head Synthesiscited by 93
- 2021FACIAL: Synthesizing Dynamic Talking Face with Implicit Attribute Learningcited by 90
- 2021Face Forensics in the Wildcited by 87
- 2023SyncTalk: The Devil is in the Synchronization for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 86
- 2024SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesiscited by 84
- 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forwardcited by 82
- 2022KeypointNeRF: Generalizing Image-based Volumetric Avatars using Relative Spatial Encoding of Keypointscited by 77
- 2022AvatarMAV: Fast 3D Head Avatar Reconstruction Using Motion-Aware Neural Voxelscited by 73
- 2022MetaPortrait: Identity-Preserving Talking Head Generation with Fast Personalized Adaptationcited by 69
- 2021LipSync3D: Data-Efficient Learning of Personalized 3D Talking Faces from Video using Pose and Lighting Normalizationcited by 67
- 2021A Latent Transformer for Disentangled Face Editing in Images and Videoscited by 67
- 2021Responsive Listening Head Generation: A Benchmark Dataset and Baselinecited by 67
- 2022Synthetic Data -- what, why and how?cited by 67
- 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Surveycited by 67
- 2023Real-Time Radiance Fields for Single-Image Portrait View Synthesiscited by 64
50 most cited of 267 All 267 (JSON)
- 2026LentiAvatar: Pseudo-Multiview Reconstruction and Subpixel Prism Rendering for Real-Time Stereoscopic Communication9 Jun 2026
- 2026Test-Time Self-Adaptive Conditioning for Stable Audio-Driven Talking-Head Generation25 May 2026
- 2026DYMAPIA: A Multi-Domain Framework for Detecting AI-based Video Manipulation27 Apr 2026
- 2026Interpretable facial dynamics as behavioral and perceptual traces of deepfakes23 Apr 2026
- 2026PortraitDirector: A Hierarchical Disentanglement Framework for Controllable and Real-time Facial Reenactment21 Apr 2026
- 2026MMTalker: Multiresolution 3D Talking Head Synthesis with Multimodal Feature Fusion3 Apr 2026
- 2026CIPHER: Counterfeit Image Pattern High-level Examination via Representation31 Mar 2026
- 2026FHAvatar: Fast and High-Fidelity Reconstruction of Face-and-Hair Composable 3D Head Avatar from Few Casual Captures24 Mar 2026
- 2026Retrieval-Augmented Gaussian Avatars: Improving Expression Generalization9 Mar 2026
- 2026FaceCam: Portrait Video Camera Control via Scale-Aware Conditioning5 Mar 2026
- 2026Motion Manipulation via Unsupervised Keypoint Positioning in Face Animation4 Mar 2026
- 2026Toward Fine-Grained Facial Control in 3D Talking Head Generation10 Feb 2026
38 more
- 2026VedicTHG: Symbolic Vedic Computation for Low-Resource Talking-Head Generation in Educational Avatars9 Feb 2026
- 2026ICo3D: An Interactive Conversational 3D Virtual Human19 Jan 2026
- 2026Deep Learning Based Facial Retargeting Using Local Patches13 Jan 2026
- 2025AGORA: Adversarial Generation Of Real-time Animatable 3D Gaussian Head Avatars6 Dec 2025
- 2025Mind-to-Face: Neural-Driven Photorealistic Avatar Synthesis via EEG Decoding3 Dec 2025
- 2025StyleYourSmile: Cross-Domain Face Retargeting Without Paired Multi-Style Data1 Dec 2025
- 2025Follow-Your-Emoji-Faster: Towards Efficient, Fine-Controllable, and Expressive Freestyle Portrait Animation20 Sep 2025
- 2025Tell-Tale Watermarks for Explanatory Reasoning in Synthetic Media Forensics6 Sep 2025
- 2025Human Motion Video Generation: A Survey4 Sep 2025
- 2025GRMM: Real-Time High-Fidelity Gaussian Morphable Head Model with Learned Residuals2 Sep 2025
- 2025Robust Deepfake Detection for Electronic Know Your Customer Systems Using Registered Images30 Jul 2025
- 2025Reconstructing 4D Spatial Intelligence: A Survey28 Jul 2025
- 2025Learning Phonetic Context-Dependent Viseme for Enhancing Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation28 Jul 2025
- 2025MoDiT: Learning Highly Consistent 3D Motion Coefficients with Diffusion Transformer for Talking Head Generation7 Jul 2025
- 2025Advancing Talking Head Generation: A Comprehensive Survey of Multi-Modal Methodologies, Datasets, Evaluation Metrics, and Loss Functions23 Jun 2025
- 2025SyncTalk++: High-Fidelity and Efficient Synchronized Talking Heads Synthesis Using Gaussian Splatting17 Jun 2025
- 2025Low-Rank Head Avatar Personalization with Registers2 Jun 2025
- 202550 Years of Automated Face Recognition30 May 2025
- 2025PASE: Phoneme-Aware Speech Encoder to Improve Lip Sync Accuracy for Talking Head Synthesis8 Apr 2025
- 2025Exploiting Temporal Audio-Visual Correlation Embedding for Audio-Driven One-Shot Talking Head Animation8 Apr 2025
- 2025Data Synthesis with Diverse Styles for Face Recognition via 3DMM-Guided Diffusion1 Apr 2025
- 2025EvAnimate: Event-conditioned Image-to-Video Generation for Human Animation24 Mar 2025
- 2025SyncDiff: Diffusion-based Talking Head Synthesis with Bottlenecked Temporal Visual Prior for Improved Synchronization17 Mar 2025
- 2025SwapAnyone: Consistent and Realistic Video Synthesis for Swapping Any Person into Any Video12 Mar 2025
- 2025Removing Averaging: Personalized Lip-Sync Driven Characters Based on Identity Adapter9 Mar 2025
- 2025Steganography Beyond Space-Time with Chain of Multimodal AI25 Feb 2025
- 2024Identity-Preserving Pose-Guided Character Animation via Facial Landmarks Transformation12 Dec 2024
- 2024FaceTracer: Unveiling Source Identities from Swapped Face Images and Videos for Fraud Prevention11 Dec 2024
- 2024GASP: Gaussian Avatars with Synthetic Priors10 Dec 2024
- 2024TALK-Act: Enhance Textural-Awareness for 2D Speaking Avatar Reenactment with Diffusion Model14 Oct 2024
- 2024Lipschitz-Driven Noise Robustness in VQ-AE for High-Frequency Texture Repair in ID-Specific Talking Heads1 Oct 2024
- 2024Stable Video Portraits26 Sep 2024
- 2024LightAvatar: Efficient Head Avatar as Dynamic Neural Light Field26 Sep 2024
- 2024JEAN: Joint Expression and Audio-guided NeRF-based Talking Face Generation18 Sep 2024
- 2024GaussianHeads: End-to-End Learning of Drivable Gaussian Head Avatars from Coarse-to-fine Representations18 Sep 2024
- 2024HeadGAP: Few-Shot 3D Head Avatar via Generalizable Gaussian Priors12 Aug 2024
- 2024LookupForensics: A Large-Scale Multi-Task Dataset for Multi-Phase Image-Based Fact Verification26 Jul 2024
- 2024PAV: Personalized Head Avatar from Unstructured Video Collection22 Jul 2024
50 newest of 267 All 267 (JSON)
- 2023MagicPose: Realistic Human Poses and Facial Expressions Retargeting with Identity-aware Diffusioncited by 117
- 2023DCFace: Synthetic Face Generation with Dual Condition Diffusion Modelcited by 116
- 2022Talking Head Generation with Probabilistic Audio-to-Visual Diffusion Priorscited by 55
- 2023Face Animation with an Attribute-Guided Diffusion Modelcited by 48
- 2023AvatarStudio: Text-driven Editing of 3D Dynamic Human Head Avatarscited by 30
- 2024Towards a Simultaneous and Granular Identity-Expression Control in Personalized Face Generationcited by 26
- 2024TALK-Act: Enhance Textural-Awareness for 2D Speaking Avatar Reenactment with Diffusion Modelcited by 19
- 20234D Facial Expression Diffusion Modelcited by 15
- 2025Data Synthesis with Diverse Styles for Face Recognition via 3DMM-Guided Diffusioncited by 12
- 2025MoDiT: Learning Highly Consistent 3D Motion Coefficients with Diffusion Transformer for Talking Head Generationcited by 1
- 2026CIPHER: Counterfeit Image Pattern High-level Examination via Representationcited by 0
- 2026CIPHER: Counterfeit Image Pattern High-level Examination via Representation31 Mar 2026
- 2025MoDiT: Learning Highly Consistent 3D Motion Coefficients with Diffusion Transformer for Talking Head Generation7 Jul 2025
- 2025Data Synthesis with Diverse Styles for Face Recognition via 3DMM-Guided Diffusion1 Apr 2025
- 2024TALK-Act: Enhance Textural-Awareness for 2D Speaking Avatar Reenactment with Diffusion Model14 Oct 2024
- 2024Towards a Simultaneous and Granular Identity-Expression Control in Personalized Face Generation2 Jan 2024
- 2023MagicPose: Realistic Human Poses and Facial Expressions Retargeting with Identity-aware Diffusion18 Nov 2023
- 2023AvatarStudio: Text-driven Editing of 3D Dynamic Human Head Avatars1 Jun 2023
- 2023DCFace: Synthetic Face Generation with Dual Condition Diffusion Model14 Apr 2023
- 2023Face Animation with an Attribute-Guided Diffusion Model6 Apr 2023
- 20234D Facial Expression Diffusion Model29 Mar 2023
- 2022Talking Head Generation with Probabilistic Audio-to-Visual Diffusion Priors7 Dec 2022
- 2022SadTalker: Learning Realistic 3D Motion Coefficients for Stylized Audio-Driven Single Image Talking Face Animationcited by 382
- 2021AD-NeRF: Audio Driven Neural Radiance Fields for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 339
- 2021StyleSDF: High-Resolution 3D-Consistent Image and Geometry Generationcited by 289
- 2021Pose-Controllable Talking Face Generation by Implicitly Modularized Audio-Visual Representationcited by 288
- 2023GaussianAvatars: Photorealistic Head Avatars with Rigged 3D Gaussianscited by 260
- 2021Motion Representations for Articulated Animationcited by 255
- 2022EMOCA: Emotion Driven Monocular Face Capture and Animationcited by 255
- 2021GRAM: Generative Radiance Manifolds for 3D-Aware Image Generationcited by 216
- 2021HyperNeRF: A Higher-Dimensional Representation for Topologically Varying Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 214
- 2021Neural Head Avatars from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 213
- 2021FaceFormer: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Transformerscited by 209
- 2021PIRenderer: Controllable Portrait Image Generation via Semantic Neural Renderingcited by 203
12 most cited of 254 All 254 (JSON)
- 2026LentiAvatar: Pseudo-Multiview Reconstruction and Subpixel Prism Rendering for Real-Time Stereoscopic Communication9 Jun 2026
- 2026Test-Time Self-Adaptive Conditioning for Stable Audio-Driven Talking-Head Generation25 May 2026
- 2026DYMAPIA: A Multi-Domain Framework for Detecting AI-based Video Manipulation27 Apr 2026
- 2026Interpretable facial dynamics as behavioral and perceptual traces of deepfakes23 Apr 2026
- 2026PortraitDirector: A Hierarchical Disentanglement Framework for Controllable and Real-time Facial Reenactment21 Apr 2026
- 2026MMTalker: Multiresolution 3D Talking Head Synthesis with Multimodal Feature Fusion3 Apr 2026
- 2026FHAvatar: Fast and High-Fidelity Reconstruction of Face-and-Hair Composable 3D Head Avatar from Few Casual Captures24 Mar 2026
- 2026FaceCam: Portrait Video Camera Control via Scale-Aware Conditioning5 Mar 2026
- 2026Motion Manipulation via Unsupervised Keypoint Positioning in Face Animation4 Mar 2026
- 2026Toward Fine-Grained Facial Control in 3D Talking Head Generation10 Feb 2026
- 2026VedicTHG: Symbolic Vedic Computation for Low-Resource Talking-Head Generation in Educational Avatars9 Feb 2026
- 2026ICo3D: An Interactive Conversational 3D Virtual Human19 Jan 2026
12 newest of 254 All 254 (JSON)