PyMAF: 3D Human Pose and Shape Regression with Pyramidal Mesh Alignment Feedback Loop
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Abstract (arXiv)
Regression-based methods have recently shown promising results in reconstructing human meshes from monocular images. By directly mapping raw pixels to model parameters, these methods can produce parametric models in a feed-forward manner via neural networks. However, minor deviation in parameters may lead to noticeable misalignment between the estimated meshes and image evidences. To address this issue, we propose a Pyramidal Mesh Alignment Feedback (PyMAF) loop to leverage a feature pyramid and rectify the predicted parameters explicitly based on the mesh-image alignment status in our deep regressor. In PyMAF, given the currently predicted parameters, mesh-aligned evidences will be extracted from finer-resolution features accordingly and fed back for parameter rectification. To reduce noise and enhance the reliability of these evidences, an auxiliary pixel-wise supervision is imposed on the feature encoder, which provides mesh-image correspondence guidance for our network to preserve the most related information in spatial features. The efficacy of our approach is validated on several benchmarks, including Human3.6M, 3DPW, LSP, and COCO, where experimental results show that our approach consistently improves the mesh-image alignment of the reconstruction. The project page with code and video results can be found at https://hongwenzhang.github.io/pymaf.
Key facts. Cited by 250 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 54 of its 74 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Mar 2021.
Builds on
54 of 74 references.
References · 54
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- 2016Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Imagecited by 692
38 more
- 2018Pixel2Mesh: Generating 3D Mesh Models from Single RGB Imagescited by 650
- 2019Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-fitting in the Loopcited by 625
- 2019VIBE: Video Inference for Human Body Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 616
- 2018DensePose: Dense Human Pose Estimation In The Wildcited by 573
- 2016Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation In The Wild Using Improved CNN Supervisioncited by 493
- 2020End-to-End Human Pose and Mesh Reconstruction with Transformerscited by 417
- 2018Learning 3D Human Dynamics from Videocited by 315
- 2020HybrIK: A Hybrid Analytical-Neural Inverse Kinematics Solution for 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 304
- 2020I2L-MeshNet: Image-to-Lixel Prediction Network for Accurate 3D Human Pose and Mesh Estimation from a Single RGB Imagecited by 274
- 2019Convolutional Mesh Regression for Single-Image Human Shape Reconstructioncited by 270
- 2020Pose2Mesh: Graph Convolutional Network for 3D Human Pose and Mesh Recovery from a 2D Human Posecited by 248
- 2018Learning to Estimate 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Color Imagecited by 226
- 2016Coarse-to-Fine Volumetric Prediction for Single-Image 3D Human Posecited by 221
- 2017Unite the People: Closing the Loop Between 3D and 2D Human Representationscited by 205
- 2018Neural Body Fitting: Unifying Deep Learning and Model-Based Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 185
- 2019DeepHuman: 3D Human Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 182
- 2020Monocular Expressive Body Regression through Body-Driven Attentioncited by 155
- 2018BodyNet: Volumetric Inference of 3D Human Body Shapescited by 141
- 2020Coherent Reconstruction of Multiple Humans from a Single Imagecited by 136
- 2015Human Pose Estimation with Iterative Error Feedbackcited by 121
- 2019Exploiting temporal context for 3D human pose estimation in the wildcited by 110
- 2019DenseRaC: Joint 3D Pose and Shape Estimation by Dense Render-and-Comparecited by 100
- 2017Self-supervised Learning of Motion Capturecited by 97
- 2020Weakly Supervised 3D Human Pose and Shape Reconstruction with Normalizing Flowscited by 94
- 2017Towards Accurate Markerless Human Shape and Pose Estimation over Timecited by 92
- 2019Human Mesh Recovery from Monocular Images via a Skeleton-disentangled Representationcited by 87
- 2020Synthetic Training for Accurate 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation in the Wildcited by 82
- 2020Human Body Model Fitting by Learned Gradient Descentcited by 81
- 2019Sim2real transfer learning for 3D human pose estimation: motion to the rescuecited by 75
- 2019Detailed Human Shape Estimation from a Single Image by Hierarchical Mesh Deformationcited by 71
- 2020Hierarchical Kinematic Human Mesh Recoverycited by 71
- 20203D Human Mesh Regression with Dense Correspondencecited by 66
- 2020Neural Descent for Visual 3D Human Pose and Shapecited by 60
- 2019TexturePose: Supervising Human Mesh Estimation with Texture Consistencycited by 53
- 2019Learning 3D Human Shape and Pose from Dense Body Partscited by 48
- 2019Delving Deep Into Hybrid Annotations for 3D Human Recovery in the Wildcited by 38
- 2020Appearance Consensus Driven Self-Supervised Human Mesh Recoverycited by 27
- 2021PC-HMR: Pose Calibration for 3D Human Mesh Recovery from 2D Images/Videoscited by 25
50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 34; 2023: 74; 2024: 68; 2025: 34; 2026: 30.
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- 2023Humans in 4D: Reconstructing and Tracking Humans with Transformerscited by 345
- 2021ICON: Implicit Clothed humans Obtained from Normalscited by 283
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- 2023BEDLAM: A Synthetic Dataset of Bodies Exhibiting Detailed Lifelike Animated Motioncited by 232
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- 2023GaussianAvatar: Towards Realistic Human Avatar Modeling from a Single Video via Animatable 3D Gaussianscited by 190
- 2022Generating Holistic 3D Human Motion from Speechcited by 180
- 2021GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Camerascited by 152
- 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Imagescited by 152
- 2021Putting People in their Place: Monocular Regression of 3D People in Depthcited by 141
- 2023Decoupling Human and Camera Motion from Videos in the Wildcited by 141
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- 20233D Human Pose Estimation via Intuitive Physicscited by 101
- 2024Multi-HMR: Multi-Person Whole-Body Human Mesh Recovery in a Single Shotcited by 99
- 2023EMDB: The Electromagnetic Database of Global 3D Human Pose and Shape in the Wildcited by 95
- 2024TokenHMR: Advancing Human Mesh Recovery with a Tokenized Pose Representationcited by 93
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- 2022GIMO: Gaze-Informed Human Motion Prediction in Contextcited by 81
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- 2021DoubleField: Bridging the Neural Surface and Radiance Fields for High-fidelity Human Reconstruction and Renderingcited by 52
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- 2023ReFit: Recurrent Fitting Network for 3D Human Recoverycited by 47
- 2023Global-to-Local Modeling for Video-based 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 46
- 2023NIKI: Neural Inverse Kinematics with Invertible Neural Networks for 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 45
- 20233D Human Mesh Estimation from Virtual Markerscited by 44
- 2023Generative Proxemics: A Prior for 3D Social Interaction from Imagescited by 43
- 2023I'M HOI: Inertia-aware Monocular Capture of 3D Human-Object Interactionscited by 43
- 2023Global-correlated 3D-decoupling Transformer for Clothed Avatar Reconstructioncited by 42
- 2022TORE: Token Reduction for Efficient Human Mesh Recovery with Transformercited by 41
- 2023Zolly: Zoom Focal Length Correctly for Perspective-Distorted Human Mesh Reconstructioncited by 41
- 2024AiOS: All-in-One-Stage Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 41
- 2024Score-Guided Diffusion for 3D Human Recoverycited by 39
50 most cited of 250 All 250 (JSON)
- 2026GraspHOI: Full-Body 3D Human-Object Reconstruction with Finger-Level Grasps from a Single In-the-Wild Image28 Aug 2026
- 2026PressureMesh: 3D Human Mesh Estimation from Multi-Device Pressure Images10 Aug 2026
- 2026Reliability-Aware 3D Geometric Injection for Universal Person Re-identification21 Jul 2026
- 2026EgoExoMoCap: Distributed Ego-Exo Human Motion Capture17 Jul 2026
- 2026DETRAM: End-to-end DEtection, Tracking and Recovery of HumAn Meshes10 Jul 2026
- 2026Again-Pose: Anchor-Guided Adaptive Inter-Frame Motion Cues Propagating for High-quality Human Pose Reconstruction28 Jun 2026
- 2026HAFMat: Hybrid Priors Guided Adaptive Fusion for Single-Image Human Material Estimation15 Jun 2026
- 2026Multi-HMR 2: Multi-Person Camera-Centric Human Detection, Mesh Recovery and Tracking12 Jun 2026
- 2026MuNet: A Mutualistic Network for Joint 3D Human Mesh Recovery and 3D Clothed Human Reconstruction from Single Images25 May 2026
- 2026B'ezier Degradation Modeling for LiDAR-based Human Motion Capture19 May 2026
- 2026Best Segmentation Buddies for Image-Shape Correspondence18 May 2026
- 2026MoPO: Incorporating Motion Prior for Occluded Human Mesh Recovery11 May 2026
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- 2026Meta-Learned Adaptive Optimization for Robust Human Mesh Recovery with Uncertainty-Aware Parameter Updates27 Mar 2026
- 2026UniMotion: A Unified Framework for Motion-Text-Vision Understanding and Generation23 Mar 2026
- 2026Monocular Models are Strong Learners for Multi-View Human Mesh Recovery20 Mar 2026
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- 2026CrowdGaussian: Reconstructing High-Fidelity 3D Gaussians for Human Crowd from a Single Image18 Mar 2026
- 2026End-to-End Spatial-Temporal Transformer for Real-time 4D HOI Reconstruction15 Mar 2026
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- 2026MorphGS: Morphology-Adaptive Articulated 3D Motion Transfer from Videos6 Jan 2026
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- 2025SKEL-CF: Coarse-to-Fine Biomechanical Skeleton and Surface Mesh Recovery25 Nov 2025
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- 2025UniHPR: Unified Human Pose Representation via Singular Value Contrastive Learning21 Oct 2025
- 2025On the Use of Hierarchical Vision Foundation Models for Low-Cost Human Mesh Recovery and Pose Estimation14 Oct 2025
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- 2025UP2You: Fast Reconstruction of Yourself from Unconstrained Photo Collections29 Sep 2025
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- 2025Human-in-Context: Unified Cross-Domain 3D Human Motion Modeling via In-Context Learning14 Aug 2025
- 2025Pose-RFT: Enhancing MLLMs for 3D Pose Generation via Hybrid Action Reinforcement Fine-Tuning11 Aug 2025
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- 2025GestureHYDRA: Semantic Co-speech Gesture Synthesis via Hybrid Modality Diffusion Transformer and Cascaded-Synchronized Retrieval-Augmented Generation30 Jul 2025
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50 newest of 250 All 250 (JSON)
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12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026Direct Reward Fine-Tuning on Poses for Single Image to 3D Human in the Wild3 Mar 2026
- 2025Sketch2PoseNet: Efficient and Generalized Sketch to 3D Human Pose Prediction30 Oct 2025
- 2025GestureHYDRA: Semantic Co-speech Gesture Synthesis via Hybrid Modality Diffusion Transformer and Cascaded-Synchronized Retrieval-Augmented Generation30 Jul 2025
- 2025DeClotH: Decomposable 3D Cloth and Human Body Reconstruction from a Single Image25 Mar 2025
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- 2024COIN: Control-Inpainting Diffusion Prior for Human and Camera Motion Estimation29 Aug 2024
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- 2024Score-Guided Diffusion for 3D Human Recovery14 Mar 2024
- 2024Template-Free Single-View 3D Human Digitalization with Diffusion-Guided LRM22 Jan 2024
- 2023FG-MDM: Towards Zero-Shot Human Motion Generation via ChatGPT-Refined Descriptions5 Dec 2023
- 2023TeCH: Text-guided Reconstruction of Lifelike Clothed Humans16 Aug 2023
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2023ChatPose: Chatting about 3D Human Posecited by 71
- 2023ChatPose: Chatting about 3D Human Pose30 Nov 2023
- 2023Humans in 4D: Reconstructing and Tracking Humans with Transformerscited by 345
- 2021ICON: Implicit Clothed humans Obtained from Normalscited by 283
- 2022CLIFF: Carrying Location Information in Full Frames into Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 237
- 2023BEDLAM: A Synthetic Dataset of Bodies Exhibiting Detailed Lifelike Animated Motioncited by 232
- 2022ECON: Explicit Clothed humans Optimized via Normal integrationcited by 199
- 2022MotionBERT: A Unified Perspective on Learning Human Motion Representationscited by 190
- 2023GaussianAvatar: Towards Realistic Human Avatar Modeling from a Single Video via Animatable 3D Gaussianscited by 190
- 2022Generating Holistic 3D Human Motion from Speechcited by 180
- 2021GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Camerascited by 152
- 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Imagescited by 152
- 2021Putting People in their Place: Monocular Regression of 3D People in Depthcited by 141
- 2023Decoupling Human and Camera Motion from Videos in the Wildcited by 141
12 most cited of 231 All 231 (JSON)
- 2026GraspHOI: Full-Body 3D Human-Object Reconstruction with Finger-Level Grasps from a Single In-the-Wild Image28 Aug 2026
- 2026PressureMesh: 3D Human Mesh Estimation from Multi-Device Pressure Images10 Aug 2026
- 2026Reliability-Aware 3D Geometric Injection for Universal Person Re-identification21 Jul 2026
- 2026EgoExoMoCap: Distributed Ego-Exo Human Motion Capture17 Jul 2026
- 2026DETRAM: End-to-end DEtection, Tracking and Recovery of HumAn Meshes10 Jul 2026
- 2026Again-Pose: Anchor-Guided Adaptive Inter-Frame Motion Cues Propagating for High-quality Human Pose Reconstruction28 Jun 2026
- 2026HAFMat: Hybrid Priors Guided Adaptive Fusion for Single-Image Human Material Estimation15 Jun 2026
- 2026Multi-HMR 2: Multi-Person Camera-Centric Human Detection, Mesh Recovery and Tracking12 Jun 2026
- 2026MuNet: A Mutualistic Network for Joint 3D Human Mesh Recovery and 3D Clothed Human Reconstruction from Single Images25 May 2026
- 2026B'ezier Degradation Modeling for LiDAR-based Human Motion Capture19 May 2026
- 2026Best Segmentation Buddies for Image-Shape Correspondence18 May 2026
- 2026MoPO: Incorporating Motion Prior for Occluded Human Mesh Recovery11 May 2026
12 newest of 231 All 231 (JSON)