Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Survey
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Abstract (arXiv)
Estimating human pose and shape from monocular images is a long-standing problem in computer vision. Since the release of statistical body models, 3D human mesh recovery has been drawing broader attention. With the same goal of obtaining well-aligned and physically plausible mesh results, two paradigms have been developed to overcome challenges in the 2D-to-3D lifting process: i) an optimization-based paradigm, where different data terms and regularization terms are exploited as optimization objectives; and ii) a regression-based paradigm, where deep learning techniques are embraced to solve the problem in an end-to-end fashion. Meanwhile, continuous efforts are devoted to improving the quality of 3D mesh labels for a wide range of datasets. Though remarkable progress has been achieved in the past decade, the task is still challenging due to flexible body motions, diverse appearances, complex environments, and insufficient in-the-wild annotations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey that focuses on the task of monocular 3D human mesh recovery. We start with the introduction of body models and then elaborate recovery frameworks and training objectives by providing in-depth analyses of their strengths and weaknesses. We also summarize datasets, evaluation metrics, and benchmark results. Open issues and future directions are discussed in the end, hoping to motivate researchers and facilitate their research in this area. A regularly updated project page can be found at https://github.com/tinatiansjz/hmr-survey.
Key facts. Cited by 103 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 183 of its 360 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Mar 2022.
Builds on
183 of 360 references.
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50 most cited of 183 All 183 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 20; 2023: 28; 2024: 25; 2025: 19; 2026: 11.
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- 2022CLIFF: Carrying Location Information in Full Frames into Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 237
- 2022Capturing and Inferring Dense Full-Body Human-Scene Contactcited by 176
- 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Imagescited by 152
- 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 128
- 20233D Human Pose Estimation via Intuitive Physicscited by 100
- 2022InterCap: Joint Markerless 3D Tracking of Humans and Objects in Interactioncited by 90
- 2022Capturing and Animation of Body and Clothing from Monocular Videocited by 83
- 2022GIMO: Gaze-Informed Human Motion Prediction in Contextcited by 81
- 2023SiTH: Single-view Textured Human Reconstruction with Image-Conditioned Diffusioncited by 72
- 2023Visibility Aware Human-Object Interaction Tracking from Single RGB Cameracited by 58
- 2022MIME: Human-Aware 3D Scene Generationcited by 57
- 2024Neural Localizer Fields for Continuous 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 57
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- 2023POTTER: Pooling Attention Transformer for Efficient Human Mesh Recoverycited by 31
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- 2022Embodied Scene-aware Human Pose Estimationcited by 28
- 2022Benchmarking and Analyzing 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Beyond Algorithmscited by 28
- 2022FOF: Learning Fourier Occupancy Field for Monocular Real-time Human Reconstructioncited by 27
- 2023CIMI4D: A Large Multimodal Climbing Motion Dataset under Human-scene Interactionscited by 27
- 2023Distribution-Aligned Diffusion for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 27
- 2022HUM3DIL: Semi-supervised Multi-modal 3D Human Pose Estimation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 22
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- 2024RELI11D: A Comprehensive Multimodal Human Motion Dataset and Methodcited by 16
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- 2023Generative Approach for Probabilistic Human Mesh Recovery using Diffusion Modelscited by 14
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- 2023Crowd3D: Towards Hundreds of People Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 12
- 2022MPT: Mesh Pre-Training with Transformers for Human Pose and Mesh Reconstructioncited by 11
- 2023Learning Visibility Field for Detailed 3D Human Reconstruction and Relightingcited by 11
- 2024Deep learning for 3D human pose estimation and mesh recovery: A surveycited by 11
- 2022PosePipe: Open-Source Human Pose Estimation Pipeline for Clinical Researchcited by 10
- 2023Delving Deep into Pixel Alignment Feature for Accurate Multi-view Human Mesh Recoverycited by 10
- 2024RHOBIN Challenge: Reconstruction of Human Object Interactioncited by 10
- 2022FeatER: An Efficient Network for Human Reconstruction via Feature Map-Based TransformERcited by 9
- 2023ProxyCap: Real-time Monocular Full-body Capture in World Space via Human-Centric Proxy-to-Motion Learningcited by 9
- 2024STAF: 3D Human Mesh Recovery from Video with Spatio-Temporal Alignment Fusioncited by 9
- 2025VolumetricSMPL: A Neural Volumetric Body Model for Efficient Interactions, Contacts, and Collisionscited by 9
- 2024A Survey on 3D Egocentric Human Pose Estimationcited by 8
- 2023MMBaT: A Multi-task Framework for mmWave-based Human Body Reconstruction and Translation Predictioncited by 7
- 2024Dessie: Disentanglement for Articulated 3D Horse Shape and Pose Estimation from Imagescited by 7
- 2023KBody: Towards general, robust, and aligned monocular whole-body estimationcited by 6
- 2023Towards Robust and Expressive Whole-body Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 6
- 2025DiSRT-In-Bed: Diffusion-Based Sim-to-Real Transfer Framework for In-Bed Human Mesh Recoverycited by 6
- 2025M4Human: A Large-Scale Multimodal mmWave Radar Benchmark for Human Mesh Reconstructioncited by 6
- 2024Human Mesh Recovery from Arbitrary Multi-view Imagescited by 5
- 2024BodyMAP -- Jointly Predicting Body Mesh and 3D Applied Pressure Map for People in Bedcited by 5
- 2023GATOR: Graph-Aware Transformer with Motion-Disentangled Regression for Human Mesh Recovery from a 2D Posecited by 4
50 most cited of 103 All 103 (JSON)
- 2026Single Image to Textured 3D Object Generation in Frequency Domain: From Theory to Pipeline7 Sep 2026
- 2026MuNet: A Mutualistic Network for Joint 3D Human Mesh Recovery and 3D Clothed Human Reconstruction from Single Images25 May 2026
- 2026MoPO: Incorporating Motion Prior for Occluded Human Mesh Recovery11 May 2026
- 2026EgoMotion: Hierarchical Reasoning and Diffusion for Egocentric Vision-Language Motion Generation21 Apr 2026
- 2026Chatting about Upper-Body Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation20 Apr 2026
- 2026DGHMesh: A Large-scale Dual-radar mmWave Dataset and Generalization-focused Benchmark for Human Mesh Reconstruction19 Apr 2026
- 2026From 3D Pose to Prose: Biomechanics-Grounded Vision--Language Coaching27 Mar 2026
- 2026Ground Reaction Inertial Poser: Physics-based Human Motion Capture from Sparse IMUs and Insole Pressure Sensors17 Mar 2026
- 2026HSImul3R: Physics-in-the-Loop Reconstruction of Simulation-Ready Human-Scene Interactions16 Mar 2026
- 2026Towards Geometry-Aware and Motion-Guided Video Human Mesh Recovery29 Jan 2026
- 2026BBoxMaskPose v2: Expanding Mutual Conditioning to 3D21 Jan 2026
- 2025ClothHMR: 3D Mesh Recovery of Humans in Diverse Clothing from Single Image19 Dec 2025
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- 2025Learning Neural Parametric 3D Breast Shape Models for Metrical Surface Reconstruction From Monocular RGB Videos15 Oct 2025
- 2025On the Use of Hierarchical Vision Foundation Models for Low-Cost Human Mesh Recovery and Pose Estimation14 Oct 2025
- 20253D Human Pose and Shape Estimation from LiDAR Point Clouds: A Review15 Sep 2025
- 2025Shape-from-Template with Generalised Camera19 Aug 2025
- 2025EgoLoc: A Generalizable Solution for Temporal Interaction Localization in Egocentric Videos17 Aug 2025
- 2025MeshMamba: State Space Models for Articulated 3D Mesh Generation and Reconstruction21 Jul 2025
- 2025VolumetricSMPL: A Neural Volumetric Body Model for Efficient Interactions, Contacts, and Collisions29 Jun 2025
- 2025Micro-macro Gaussian Splatting with Enhanced Scalability for Unconstrained Scene Reconstruction16 Jun 2025
- 2025Multimodal Generative AI with Autoregressive LLMs for Human Motion Understanding and Generation: A Way Forward31 May 2025
- 2025Disentangled Human Body Representation Based on Unsupervised Semantic-Aware Learning25 May 2025
- 2025DiSRT-In-Bed: Diffusion-Based Sim-to-Real Transfer Framework for In-Bed Human Mesh Recovery3 Apr 2025
- 2025ReCoM: Realistic Co-Speech Motion Generation with Recurrent Embedded Transformer27 Mar 2025
- 2025ProtoGS: Efficient and High-Quality Rendering with 3D Gaussian Prototypes21 Mar 2025
- 2025EasyCraft: A Robust and Efficient Framework for Automatic Avatar Crafting3 Mar 2025
- 2025AniGaussian: Animatable Gaussian Avatar with Pose-guided Deformation24 Feb 2025
- 2025HuGDiffusion: Generalizable Single-Image Human Rendering via 3D Gaussian Diffusion25 Jan 2025
- 2024A Plug-and-Play Physical Motion Restoration Approach for In-the-Wild High-Difficulty Motions23 Dec 2024
- 2024Med-2E3: A 2D-Enhanced 3D Medical Multimodal Large Language Model19 Nov 2024
- 20243D2M Dataset: A 3-Dimension diverse Mesh Dataset9 Oct 2024
- 2024Dessie: Disentanglement for Articulated 3D Horse Shape and Pose Estimation from Images4 Oct 2024
- 2024The Influence of Faulty Labels in Data Sets on Human Pose Estimation5 Sep 2024
- 2024DiffSurf: A Transformer-based Diffusion Model for Generating and Reconstructing 3D Surfaces in Pose27 Aug 2024
- 2024Temporally-consistent 3D Reconstruction of Birds24 Aug 2024
- 2024Neural Localizer Fields for Continuous 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation10 Jul 2024
- 2024A Survey on 3D Human Avatar Modeling -- From Reconstruction to Generation6 Jun 2024
- 2024SuDA: Support-based Domain Adaptation for Sim2Real Motion Capture with Flexible Sensors25 May 2024
- 2024Synergistic Global-space Camera and Human Reconstruction from Videos23 May 2024
- 2024RemoCap: Disentangled Representation Learning for Motion Capture21 May 2024
- 2024MaSkel: A Model for Human Whole-body X-rays Generation from Human Masking Images13 Apr 2024
- 2024BodyMAP -- Jointly Predicting Body Mesh and 3D Applied Pressure Map for People in Bed4 Apr 2024
- 2024RELI11D: A Comprehensive Multimodal Human Motion Dataset and Method28 Mar 2024
- 2024A Survey on 3D Egocentric Human Pose Estimation26 Mar 2024
- 2024AnySkill: Learning Open-Vocabulary Physical Skill for Interactive Agents19 Mar 2024
- 2024Human Mesh Recovery from Arbitrary Multi-view Images19 Mar 2024
- 2024Automatic Spatial Calibration of Near-Field MIMO Radar With Respect to Optical Depth Sensors16 Mar 2024
- 2024Deep learning for 3D human pose estimation and mesh recovery: A survey29 Feb 2024
50 newest of 103 All 103 (JSON)
- 2023SiTH: Single-view Textured Human Reconstruction with Image-Conditioned Diffusioncited by 72
- 2023Generative Approach for Probabilistic Human Mesh Recovery using Diffusion Modelscited by 14
- 2023FG-MDM: Towards Zero-Shot Human Motion Generation via ChatGPT-Refined Descriptionscited by 4
- 2024DiffSurf: A Transformer-based Diffusion Model for Generating and Reconstructing 3D Surfaces in Posecited by 2
- 2026Single Image to Textured 3D Object Generation in Frequency Domain: From Theory to Pipelinecited by 0
- 2026Single Image to Textured 3D Object Generation in Frequency Domain: From Theory to Pipeline7 Sep 2026
- 2024DiffSurf: A Transformer-based Diffusion Model for Generating and Reconstructing 3D Surfaces in Pose27 Aug 2024
- 2023FG-MDM: Towards Zero-Shot Human Motion Generation via ChatGPT-Refined Descriptions5 Dec 2023
- 2023SiTH: Single-view Textured Human Reconstruction with Image-Conditioned Diffusion27 Nov 2023
- 2023Generative Approach for Probabilistic Human Mesh Recovery using Diffusion Models5 Aug 2023
- 2022CLIFF: Carrying Location Information in Full Frames into Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 237
- 2022Capturing and Inferring Dense Full-Body Human-Scene Contactcited by 176
- 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Imagescited by 152
- 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 128
- 20233D Human Pose Estimation via Intuitive Physicscited by 100
- 2022InterCap: Joint Markerless 3D Tracking of Humans and Objects in Interactioncited by 90
- 2022Capturing and Animation of Body and Clothing from Monocular Videocited by 83
- 2022GIMO: Gaze-Informed Human Motion Prediction in Contextcited by 81
- 2023Visibility Aware Human-Object Interaction Tracking from Single RGB Cameracited by 58
- 2022MIME: Human-Aware 3D Scene Generationcited by 57
- 2024Neural Localizer Fields for Continuous 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 57
- 2022Learning Implicit Templates for Point-Based Clothed Human Modelingcited by 50
12 most cited of 93 All 93 (JSON)
- 2026MuNet: A Mutualistic Network for Joint 3D Human Mesh Recovery and 3D Clothed Human Reconstruction from Single Images25 May 2026
- 2026MoPO: Incorporating Motion Prior for Occluded Human Mesh Recovery11 May 2026
- 2026Chatting about Upper-Body Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation20 Apr 2026
- 2026DGHMesh: A Large-scale Dual-radar mmWave Dataset and Generalization-focused Benchmark for Human Mesh Reconstruction19 Apr 2026
- 2026From 3D Pose to Prose: Biomechanics-Grounded Vision--Language Coaching27 Mar 2026
- 2026Ground Reaction Inertial Poser: Physics-based Human Motion Capture from Sparse IMUs and Insole Pressure Sensors17 Mar 2026
- 2026HSImul3R: Physics-in-the-Loop Reconstruction of Simulation-Ready Human-Scene Interactions16 Mar 2026
- 2026BBoxMaskPose v2: Expanding Mutual Conditioning to 3D21 Jan 2026
- 2025ClothHMR: 3D Mesh Recovery of Humans in Diverse Clothing from Single Image19 Dec 2025
- 2025M4Human: A Large-Scale Multimodal mmWave Radar Benchmark for Human Mesh Reconstruction13 Dec 2025
- 2025Uni-Hand: Universal Hand Motion Forecasting in Egocentric Views17 Nov 2025
- 2025Learning Neural Parametric 3D Breast Shape Models for Metrical Surface Reconstruction From Monocular RGB Videos15 Oct 2025
12 newest of 93 All 93 (JSON)