mlsanityData to 13 Oct 2026

AG3D: Learning to Generate 3D Avatars from 2D Image Collections

arXiv 2305.02312 ↗First posted 3 May 2023cs.CVcited by 55

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Abstract (arXiv)

While progress in 2D generative models of human appearance has been rapid, many applications require 3D avatars that can be animated and rendered. Unfortunately, most existing methods for learning generative models of 3D humans with diverse shape and appearance require 3D training data, which is limited and expensive to acquire. The key to progress is hence to learn generative models of 3D avatars from abundant unstructured 2D image collections. However, learning realistic and complete 3D appearance and geometry in this under-constrained setting remains challenging, especially in the presence of loose clothing such as dresses. In this paper, we propose a new adversarial generative model of realistic 3D people from 2D images. Our method captures shape and deformation of the body and loose clothing by adopting a holistic 3D generator and integrating an efficient and flexible articulation module. To improve realism, we train our model using multiple discriminators while also integrating geometric cues in the form of predicted 2D normal maps. We experimentally find that our method outperforms previous 3D- and articulation-aware methods in terms of geometry and appearance. We validate the effectiveness of our model and the importance of each component via systematic ablation studies.

Key facts. Cited by 55 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 61 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 May 2023.

Builds on

61 of 75 references.

References · 61

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38 more
  1. 2020GIRAFFE: Representing Scenes as Compositional Generative Neural Feature Fieldscited by 785
  2. 2020Convolutional Occupancy Networkscited by 760
  3. 2020Implicit Geometric Regularization for Learning Shapescited by 708
  4. 2020pi-GAN: Periodic Implicit Generative Adversarial Networks for 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 708
  5. 2019Differentiable Volumetric Rendering: Learning Implicit 3D Representations without 3D Supervisioncited by 699
  6. 2020GRAF: Generative Radiance Fields for 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 689
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  8. 2020Neural Body: Implicit Neural Representations with Structured Latent Codes for Novel View Synthesis of Dynamic Humanscited by 634
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  12. 2022HumanNeRF: Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving People from Monocular Videocited by 483
  13. 2021StyleNeRF: A Style-based 3D-Aware Generator for High-resolution Image Synthesiscited by 477
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  16. 2021StyleSDF: High-Resolution 3D-Consistent Image and Geometry Generationcited by 289
  17. 2021ICON: Implicit Clothed humans Obtained from Normalscited by 283
  18. 2017Pose Guided Person Image Generationcited by 251
  19. 2021PyMAF: 3D Human Pose and Shape Regression with Pyramidal Mesh Alignment Feedback Loopcited by 250
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  38. 2022Unsupervised Learning of Efficient Geometry-Aware Neural Articulated Representationscited by 65

50 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 13 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 14; 2024: 22; 2025: 17; 2026: 2.

55 papers.

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  1. 2023HUGS: Human Gaussian Splatscited by 154
  2. 2023TeCH: Text-guided Reconstruction of Lifelike Clothed Humanscited by 104
  3. 2025Hi3DGen: High-fidelity 3D Geometry Generation from Images via Normal Bridgingcited by 96
  4. 2023Paint-it: Text-to-Texture Synthesis via Deep Convolutional Texture Map Optimization and Physically-Based Renderingcited by 84
  5. 2024MIMO: Controllable Character Video Synthesis with Spatial Decomposed Modelingcited by 63
  6. 2023Gaussian Shell Maps for Efficient 3D Human Generationcited by 61
  7. 2024PhysAvatar: Learning the Physics of Dressed 3D Avatars from Visual Observationscited by 51
  8. 2024AniGS: Animatable Gaussian Avatar from a Single Image with Inconsistent Gaussian Reconstructioncited by 36
  9. 2024Animal Avatars: Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from Casual Videoscited by 26
  10. 2023HumanLiff: Layer-wise 3D Human Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 23
  11. 2024Morphable Diffusion: 3D-Consistent Diffusion for Single-image Avatar Creationcited by 23
  12. 2024SuperGaussian: Repurposing Video Models for 3D Super Resolutioncited by 22
38 more
  1. 2023DiffusionGAN3D: Boosting Text-guided 3D Generation and Domain Adaptation by Combining 3D GANs and Diffusion Priorscited by 19
  2. 2023XAGen: 3D Expressive Human Avatars Generationcited by 17
  3. 2024StructLDM: Structured Latent Diffusion for 3D Human Generationcited by 17
  4. 2023AniPortraitGAN: Animatable 3D Portrait Generation from 2D Image Collectionscited by 16
  5. 2024En3D: An Enhanced Generative Model for Sculpting 3D Humans from 2D Synthetic Datacited by 14
  6. 2024Instant 3D Human Avatar Generation using Image Diffusion Modelscited by 14
  7. 2023Efficient 3D Articulated Human Generation with Layered Surface Volumescited by 13
  8. 2025HumanDreamer-X: Photorealistic Single-image Human Avatars Reconstruction via Gaussian Restorationcited by 13
  9. 2024What You See is What You GAN: Rendering Every Pixel for High-Fidelity Geometry in 3D GANscited by 12
  10. 2025Human-Centric Foundation Models: Perception, Generation and Agentic Modelingcited by 12
  11. 2024Reference-Based 3D-Aware Image Editing with Triplanescited by 9
  12. 20233DPortraitGAN: Learning One-Quarter Headshot 3D GANs from a Single-View Portrait Dataset with Diverse Body Posescited by 8
  13. 2023AttriHuman-3D: Editable 3D Human Avatar Generation with Attribute Decomposition and Indexingcited by 8
  14. 2025MoGA: 3D Generative Avatar Prior for Monocular Gaussian Avatar Reconstructioncited by 8
  15. 2025MPMAvatar: Learning 3D Gaussian Avatars with Accurate and Robust Physics-Based Dynamicscited by 8
  16. 2024PEGASUS: Personalized Generative 3D Avatars with Composable Attributescited by 7
  17. 2025Disentangled Clothed Avatar Generation with Layered Representationcited by 7
  18. 2023Joint2Human: High-quality 3D Human Generation via Compact Spherical Embedding of 3D Jointscited by 6
  19. 2023Warping the Residuals for Image Editing with StyleGANcited by 6
  20. 2024BodyShapeGPT: SMPL Body Shape Manipulation with LLMscited by 6
  21. 2023HeadCraft: Modeling High-Detail Shape Variations for Animated 3DMMscited by 5
  22. 2025Generative Human Geometry Distributioncited by 5
  23. 2024Motion-Oriented Compositional Neural Radiance Fields for Monocular Dynamic Human Modelingcited by 4
  24. 2024Single Image, Any Face: Generalisable 3D Face Generationcited by 4
  25. 2025Dream, Lift, Animate: From Single Images to Animatable Gaussian Avatarscited by 4
  26. 2024SemanticHuman-HD: High-Resolution Semantic Disentangled 3D Human Generationcited by 3
  27. 2025Parametric Gaussian Human Model: Generalizable Prior for Efficient and Realistic Human Avatar Modelingcited by 3
  28. 2025InfiniHuman: Infinite 3D Human Creation with Precise Controlcited by 3
  29. 2025Bringing Your Portrait to 3D Presencecited by 3
  30. 2025SuperNeRF-GAN: A Universal 3D-Consistent Super-Resolution Framework for Efficient and Enhanced 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 2
  31. 2025PARTE: Part-Guided Texturing for 3D Human Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 2
  32. 2025Human Geometry Distribution for 3D Animation Generationcited by 2
  33. 2024DITTO: Dual and Integrated Latent Topologies for Implicit 3D Reconstructioncited by 1
  34. 2024Are Pose Estimators Ready for the Open World? STAGE: A GenAI Toolkit for Auditing 3D Human Pose Estimatorscited by 1
  35. 2024Biometrics in Extended Reality: A Reviewcited by 1
  36. 2024GANFusion: Feed-Forward Text-to-3D with Diffusion in GAN Spacecited by 1
  37. 2026GenLCA: 3D Diffusion for Full-Body Avatars from In-the-Wild Videoscited by 1
  38. 2024Enhancing Texture Generation with High-Fidelity Using Advanced Texture Priorscited by 0

50 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)