AG3D: Learning to Generate 3D Avatars from 2D Image Collections
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
While progress in 2D generative models of human appearance has been rapid, many applications require 3D avatars that can be animated and rendered. Unfortunately, most existing methods for learning generative models of 3D humans with diverse shape and appearance require 3D training data, which is limited and expensive to acquire. The key to progress is hence to learn generative models of 3D avatars from abundant unstructured 2D image collections. However, learning realistic and complete 3D appearance and geometry in this under-constrained setting remains challenging, especially in the presence of loose clothing such as dresses. In this paper, we propose a new adversarial generative model of realistic 3D people from 2D images. Our method captures shape and deformation of the body and loose clothing by adopting a holistic 3D generator and integrating an efficient and flexible articulation module. To improve realism, we train our model using multiple discriminators while also integrating geometric cues in the form of predicted 2D normal maps. We experimentally find that our method outperforms previous 3D- and articulation-aware methods in terms of geometry and appearance. We validate the effectiveness of our model and the importance of each component via systematic ablation studies.
Key facts. Cited by 55 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 61 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 May 2023.
Builds on
61 of 75 references.
References · 61
- 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 6,000
- 2022Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,614
- 2014Going Deeper with Convolutionscited by 4,239
- 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,585
- 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,975
- 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,686
- 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,619
- 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,039
- 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,706
- 2014Depth Map Prediction from a Single Image using a Multi-Scale Deep Networkcited by 1,269
- 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,205
- 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 992
38 more
- 2020GIRAFFE: Representing Scenes as Compositional Generative Neural Feature Fieldscited by 785
- 2020Convolutional Occupancy Networkscited by 760
- 2020Implicit Geometric Regularization for Learning Shapescited by 708
- 2020pi-GAN: Periodic Implicit Generative Adversarial Networks for 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 708
- 2019Differentiable Volumetric Rendering: Learning Implicit 3D Representations without 3D Supervisioncited by 699
- 2020GRAF: Generative Radiance Fields for 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 689
- 2018Which Training Methods for GANs do actually Converge?cited by 676
- 2020Neural Body: Implicit Neural Representations with Structured Latent Codes for Novel View Synthesis of Dynamic Humanscited by 634
- 2016Learning a Probabilistic Latent Space of Object Shapes via 3D Generative-Adversarial Modelingcited by 558
- 2020PIFuHD: Multi-Level Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution 3D Human Digitizationcited by 521
- 2014Predicting Depth, Surface Normals and Semantic Labels with a Common Multi-Scale Convolutional Architecturecited by 483
- 2022HumanNeRF: Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving People from Monocular Videocited by 483
- 2021StyleNeRF: A Style-based 3D-Aware Generator for High-resolution Image Synthesiscited by 477
- 2022MonoSDF: Exploring Monocular Geometric Cues for Neural Implicit Surface Reconstructioncited by 468
- 2021Omnidata: A Scalable Pipeline for Making Multi-Task Mid-Level Vision Datasets from 3D Scanscited by 336
- 2021StyleSDF: High-Resolution 3D-Consistent Image and Geometry Generationcited by 289
- 2021ICON: Implicit Clothed humans Obtained from Normalscited by 283
- 2017Pose Guided Person Image Generationcited by 251
- 2021PyMAF: 3D Human Pose and Shape Regression with Pyramidal Mesh Alignment Feedback Loopcited by 250
- 2022NeuMan: Neural Human Radiance Field from a Single Videocited by 244
- 2018Total Capture: A 3D Deformation Model for Tracking Faces, Hands, and Bodiescited by 239
- 2020STAR: Sparse Trained Articulated Human Body Regressorcited by 194
- 2019PU-GAN: a Point Cloud Upsampling Adversarial Networkcited by 164
- 2021Neural Human Performer: Learning Generalizable Radiance Fields for Human Performance Renderingcited by 158
- 2021SMPLicit: Topology-aware Generative Model for Clothed Peoplecited by 154
- 2022SelfRecon: Self Reconstruction Your Digital Avatar from Monocular Videocited by 144
- 2022StyleGAN-Human: A Data-Centric Odyssey of Human Generationcited by 143
- 2022ARAH: Animatable Volume Rendering of Articulated Human SDFscited by 139
- 2022VoxGRAF: Fast 3D-Aware Image Synthesis with Sparse Voxel Gridscited by 133
- 2019DwNet: Dense warp-based network for pose-guided human video generationcited by 115
- 2021HumanNeRF: Efficiently Generated Human Radiance Field from Sparse Inputscited by 112
- 2022EVA3D: Compositional 3D Human Generation from 2D Image Collectionscited by 111
- 2019Towards Unsupervised Learning of Generative Models for 3D Controllable Image Synthesiscited by 104
- 2022Generative Neural Articulated Radiance Fieldscited by 101
- 2021NPMs: Neural Parametric Models for 3D Deformable Shapescited by 89
- 2022Capturing and Animation of Body and Clothing from Monocular Videocited by 83
- 2022gDNA: Towards Generative Detailed Neural Avatarscited by 72
- 2022Unsupervised Learning of Efficient Geometry-Aware Neural Articulated Representationscited by 65
50 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 14; 2024: 22; 2025: 17; 2026: 2.
55 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023HUGS: Human Gaussian Splatscited by 154
- 2023TeCH: Text-guided Reconstruction of Lifelike Clothed Humanscited by 104
- 2025Hi3DGen: High-fidelity 3D Geometry Generation from Images via Normal Bridgingcited by 96
- 2023Paint-it: Text-to-Texture Synthesis via Deep Convolutional Texture Map Optimization and Physically-Based Renderingcited by 84
- 2024MIMO: Controllable Character Video Synthesis with Spatial Decomposed Modelingcited by 63
- 2023Gaussian Shell Maps for Efficient 3D Human Generationcited by 61
- 2024PhysAvatar: Learning the Physics of Dressed 3D Avatars from Visual Observationscited by 51
- 2024AniGS: Animatable Gaussian Avatar from a Single Image with Inconsistent Gaussian Reconstructioncited by 36
- 2024Animal Avatars: Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from Casual Videoscited by 26
- 2023HumanLiff: Layer-wise 3D Human Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 23
- 2024Morphable Diffusion: 3D-Consistent Diffusion for Single-image Avatar Creationcited by 23
- 2024SuperGaussian: Repurposing Video Models for 3D Super Resolutioncited by 22
38 more
- 2023DiffusionGAN3D: Boosting Text-guided 3D Generation and Domain Adaptation by Combining 3D GANs and Diffusion Priorscited by 19
- 2023XAGen: 3D Expressive Human Avatars Generationcited by 17
- 2024StructLDM: Structured Latent Diffusion for 3D Human Generationcited by 17
- 2023AniPortraitGAN: Animatable 3D Portrait Generation from 2D Image Collectionscited by 16
- 2024En3D: An Enhanced Generative Model for Sculpting 3D Humans from 2D Synthetic Datacited by 14
- 2024Instant 3D Human Avatar Generation using Image Diffusion Modelscited by 14
- 2023Efficient 3D Articulated Human Generation with Layered Surface Volumescited by 13
- 2025HumanDreamer-X: Photorealistic Single-image Human Avatars Reconstruction via Gaussian Restorationcited by 13
- 2024What You See is What You GAN: Rendering Every Pixel for High-Fidelity Geometry in 3D GANscited by 12
- 2025Human-Centric Foundation Models: Perception, Generation and Agentic Modelingcited by 12
- 2024Reference-Based 3D-Aware Image Editing with Triplanescited by 9
- 20233DPortraitGAN: Learning One-Quarter Headshot 3D GANs from a Single-View Portrait Dataset with Diverse Body Posescited by 8
- 2023AttriHuman-3D: Editable 3D Human Avatar Generation with Attribute Decomposition and Indexingcited by 8
- 2025MoGA: 3D Generative Avatar Prior for Monocular Gaussian Avatar Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2025MPMAvatar: Learning 3D Gaussian Avatars with Accurate and Robust Physics-Based Dynamicscited by 8
- 2024PEGASUS: Personalized Generative 3D Avatars with Composable Attributescited by 7
- 2025Disentangled Clothed Avatar Generation with Layered Representationcited by 7
- 2023Joint2Human: High-quality 3D Human Generation via Compact Spherical Embedding of 3D Jointscited by 6
- 2023Warping the Residuals for Image Editing with StyleGANcited by 6
- 2024BodyShapeGPT: SMPL Body Shape Manipulation with LLMscited by 6
- 2023HeadCraft: Modeling High-Detail Shape Variations for Animated 3DMMscited by 5
- 2025Generative Human Geometry Distributioncited by 5
- 2024Motion-Oriented Compositional Neural Radiance Fields for Monocular Dynamic Human Modelingcited by 4
- 2024Single Image, Any Face: Generalisable 3D Face Generationcited by 4
- 2025Dream, Lift, Animate: From Single Images to Animatable Gaussian Avatarscited by 4
- 2024SemanticHuman-HD: High-Resolution Semantic Disentangled 3D Human Generationcited by 3
- 2025Parametric Gaussian Human Model: Generalizable Prior for Efficient and Realistic Human Avatar Modelingcited by 3
- 2025InfiniHuman: Infinite 3D Human Creation with Precise Controlcited by 3
- 2025Bringing Your Portrait to 3D Presencecited by 3
- 2025SuperNeRF-GAN: A Universal 3D-Consistent Super-Resolution Framework for Efficient and Enhanced 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 2
- 2025PARTE: Part-Guided Texturing for 3D Human Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 2
- 2025Human Geometry Distribution for 3D Animation Generationcited by 2
- 2024DITTO: Dual and Integrated Latent Topologies for Implicit 3D Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2024Are Pose Estimators Ready for the Open World? STAGE: A GenAI Toolkit for Auditing 3D Human Pose Estimatorscited by 1
- 2024Biometrics in Extended Reality: A Reviewcited by 1
- 2024GANFusion: Feed-Forward Text-to-3D with Diffusion in GAN Spacecited by 1
- 2026GenLCA: 3D Diffusion for Full-Body Avatars from In-the-Wild Videoscited by 1
- 2024Enhancing Texture Generation with High-Fidelity Using Advanced Texture Priorscited by 0
50 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2026Detangled: A Framework for Creating, Editing, and Inferencing Feature Rich Hair Strands10 Jul 2026
- 2026GenLCA: 3D Diffusion for Full-Body Avatars from In-the-Wild Videos8 Apr 2026
- 2025Human Geometry Distribution for 3D Animation Generation8 Dec 2025
- 2025Bringing Your Portrait to 3D Presence27 Nov 2025
- 2025Densemarks: Learning Canonical Embeddings for Human Heads Images via Point Tracks4 Nov 2025
- 2025InfiniHuman: Infinite 3D Human Creation with Precise Control13 Oct 2025
- 2025MPMAvatar: Learning 3D Gaussian Avatars with Accurate and Robust Physics-Based Dynamics2 Oct 2025
- 2025MoGA: 3D Generative Avatar Prior for Monocular Gaussian Avatar Reconstruction31 Jul 2025
- 2025PARTE: Part-Guided Texturing for 3D Human Reconstruction from a Single Image23 Jul 2025
- 2025Dream, Lift, Animate: From Single Images to Animatable Gaussian Avatars21 Jul 2025
- 2025Parametric Gaussian Human Model: Generalizable Prior for Efficient and Realistic Human Avatar Modeling7 Jun 2025
- 2025SmartAvatar: Text- and Image-Guided Human Avatar Generation with VLM AI Agents5 Jun 2025
38 more
- 2025HumanDreamer-X: Photorealistic Single-image Human Avatars Reconstruction via Gaussian Restoration4 Apr 2025
- 2025Hi3DGen: High-fidelity 3D Geometry Generation from Images via Normal Bridging28 Mar 2025
- 2025Exploring Disentangled and Controllable Human Image Synthesis: From End-to-End to Stage-by-Stage25 Mar 2025
- 2025Generative Human Geometry Distribution3 Mar 2025
- 2025Human-Centric Foundation Models: Perception, Generation and Agentic Modeling12 Feb 2025
- 2025SuperNeRF-GAN: A Universal 3D-Consistent Super-Resolution Framework for Efficient and Enhanced 3D-Aware Image Synthesis12 Jan 2025
- 2025Disentangled Clothed Avatar Generation with Layered Representation8 Jan 2025
- 2024GANFusion: Feed-Forward Text-to-3D with Diffusion in GAN Space21 Dec 2024
- 2024AniGS: Animatable Gaussian Avatar from a Single Image with Inconsistent Gaussian Reconstruction3 Dec 2024
- 2024Biometrics in Extended Reality: A Review14 Nov 2024
- 2024Single Image, Any Face: Generalisable 3D Face Generation25 Sep 2024
- 2024MIMO: Controllable Character Video Synthesis with Spatial Decomposed Modeling24 Sep 2024
- 2024BodyShapeGPT: SMPL Body Shape Manipulation with LLMs18 Sep 2024
- 2024Are Pose Estimators Ready for the Open World? STAGE: A GenAI Toolkit for Auditing 3D Human Pose Estimators28 Aug 2024
- 2024Motion-Oriented Compositional Neural Radiance Fields for Monocular Dynamic Human Modeling16 Jul 2024
- 2024Instant 3D Human Avatar Generation using Image Diffusion Models11 Jun 2024
- 2024SuperGaussian: Repurposing Video Models for 3D Super Resolution2 Jun 2024
- 2024PhysAvatar: Learning the Physics of Dressed 3D Avatars from Visual Observations5 Apr 2024
- 2024Reference-Based 3D-Aware Image Editing with Triplanes4 Apr 2024
- 2024FashionEngine: Interactive 3D Human Generation and Editing via Multimodal Controls2 Apr 2024
- 2024StructLDM: Structured Latent Diffusion for 3D Human Generation1 Apr 2024
- 2024Animal Avatars: Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from Casual Videos25 Mar 2024
- 2024SemanticHuman-HD: High-Resolution Semantic Disentangled 3D Human Generation15 Mar 2024
- 2024Enhancing Texture Generation with High-Fidelity Using Advanced Texture Priors8 Mar 2024
- 2024DITTO: Dual and Integrated Latent Topologies for Implicit 3D Reconstruction8 Mar 2024
- 2024PEGASUS: Personalized Generative 3D Avatars with Composable Attributes16 Feb 2024
- 2024Morphable Diffusion: 3D-Consistent Diffusion for Single-image Avatar Creation9 Jan 2024
- 2024What You See is What You GAN: Rendering Every Pixel for High-Fidelity Geometry in 3D GANs4 Jan 2024
- 2024En3D: An Enhanced Generative Model for Sculpting 3D Humans from 2D Synthetic Data2 Jan 2024
- 2023DiffusionGAN3D: Boosting Text-guided 3D Generation and Domain Adaptation by Combining 3D GANs and Diffusion Priors28 Dec 2023
- 2023HeadCraft: Modeling High-Detail Shape Variations for Animated 3DMMs21 Dec 2023
- 2023Warping the Residuals for Image Editing with StyleGAN18 Dec 2023
- 2023Paint-it: Text-to-Texture Synthesis via Deep Convolutional Texture Map Optimization and Physically-Based Rendering18 Dec 2023
- 2023Joint2Human: High-quality 3D Human Generation via Compact Spherical Embedding of 3D Joints14 Dec 2023
- 2023AttriHuman-3D: Editable 3D Human Avatar Generation with Attribute Decomposition and Indexing3 Dec 2023
- 2023HUGS: Human Gaussian Splats29 Nov 2023
- 2023Gaussian Shell Maps for Efficient 3D Human Generation29 Nov 2023
- 2023XAGen: 3D Expressive Human Avatars Generation22 Nov 2023
50 newest of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2023TeCH: Text-guided Reconstruction of Lifelike Clothed Humanscited by 104
- 2023HumanLiff: Layer-wise 3D Human Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 23
- 2024Morphable Diffusion: 3D-Consistent Diffusion for Single-image Avatar Creationcited by 23
- 2023DiffusionGAN3D: Boosting Text-guided 3D Generation and Domain Adaptation by Combining 3D GANs and Diffusion Priorscited by 19
- 2024StructLDM: Structured Latent Diffusion for 3D Human Generationcited by 17
- 2024Instant 3D Human Avatar Generation using Image Diffusion Modelscited by 14
- 2025MoGA: 3D Generative Avatar Prior for Monocular Gaussian Avatar Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2025Dream, Lift, Animate: From Single Images to Animatable Gaussian Avatarscited by 4
- 2024GANFusion: Feed-Forward Text-to-3D with Diffusion in GAN Spacecited by 1
- 2026GenLCA: 3D Diffusion for Full-Body Avatars from In-the-Wild Videoscited by 1
- 2024FashionEngine: Interactive 3D Human Generation and Editing via Multimodal Controlscited by 0
- 2026GenLCA: 3D Diffusion for Full-Body Avatars from In-the-Wild Videos8 Apr 2026
- 2025MoGA: 3D Generative Avatar Prior for Monocular Gaussian Avatar Reconstruction31 Jul 2025
- 2025Dream, Lift, Animate: From Single Images to Animatable Gaussian Avatars21 Jul 2025
- 2024GANFusion: Feed-Forward Text-to-3D with Diffusion in GAN Space21 Dec 2024
- 2024Instant 3D Human Avatar Generation using Image Diffusion Models11 Jun 2024
- 2024FashionEngine: Interactive 3D Human Generation and Editing via Multimodal Controls2 Apr 2024
- 2024StructLDM: Structured Latent Diffusion for 3D Human Generation1 Apr 2024
- 2024Morphable Diffusion: 3D-Consistent Diffusion for Single-image Avatar Creation9 Jan 2024
- 2023DiffusionGAN3D: Boosting Text-guided 3D Generation and Domain Adaptation by Combining 3D GANs and Diffusion Priors28 Dec 2023
- 2023HumanLiff: Layer-wise 3D Human Generation with Diffusion Model18 Aug 2023
- 2023TeCH: Text-guided Reconstruction of Lifelike Clothed Humans16 Aug 2023
- 2023HUGS: Human Gaussian Splatscited by 154
- 2025Hi3DGen: High-fidelity 3D Geometry Generation from Images via Normal Bridgingcited by 96
- 2023Paint-it: Text-to-Texture Synthesis via Deep Convolutional Texture Map Optimization and Physically-Based Renderingcited by 84
- 2024MIMO: Controllable Character Video Synthesis with Spatial Decomposed Modelingcited by 63
- 2023Gaussian Shell Maps for Efficient 3D Human Generationcited by 61
- 2024PhysAvatar: Learning the Physics of Dressed 3D Avatars from Visual Observationscited by 51
- 2024AniGS: Animatable Gaussian Avatar from a Single Image with Inconsistent Gaussian Reconstructioncited by 36
- 2024Animal Avatars: Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from Casual Videoscited by 26
- 2024SuperGaussian: Repurposing Video Models for 3D Super Resolutioncited by 22
- 2023XAGen: 3D Expressive Human Avatars Generationcited by 17
- 2023AniPortraitGAN: Animatable 3D Portrait Generation from 2D Image Collectionscited by 16
- 2024En3D: An Enhanced Generative Model for Sculpting 3D Humans from 2D Synthetic Datacited by 14
12 most cited of 43 All 43 (JSON)
- 2026Detangled: A Framework for Creating, Editing, and Inferencing Feature Rich Hair Strands10 Jul 2026
- 2025Human Geometry Distribution for 3D Animation Generation8 Dec 2025
- 2025Bringing Your Portrait to 3D Presence27 Nov 2025
- 2025Densemarks: Learning Canonical Embeddings for Human Heads Images via Point Tracks4 Nov 2025
- 2025InfiniHuman: Infinite 3D Human Creation with Precise Control13 Oct 2025
- 2025MPMAvatar: Learning 3D Gaussian Avatars with Accurate and Robust Physics-Based Dynamics2 Oct 2025
- 2025PARTE: Part-Guided Texturing for 3D Human Reconstruction from a Single Image23 Jul 2025
- 2025Parametric Gaussian Human Model: Generalizable Prior for Efficient and Realistic Human Avatar Modeling7 Jun 2025
- 2025SmartAvatar: Text- and Image-Guided Human Avatar Generation with VLM AI Agents5 Jun 2025
- 2025HumanDreamer-X: Photorealistic Single-image Human Avatars Reconstruction via Gaussian Restoration4 Apr 2025
- 2025Hi3DGen: High-fidelity 3D Geometry Generation from Images via Normal Bridging28 Mar 2025
- 2025Exploring Disentangled and Controllable Human Image Synthesis: From End-to-End to Stage-by-Stage25 Mar 2025
12 newest of 43 All 43 (JSON)