AiOS: All-in-One-Stage Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Expressive human pose and shape estimation (a.k.a. 3D whole-body mesh recovery) involves the human body, hand, and expression estimation. Most existing methods have tackled this task in a two-stage manner, first detecting the human body part with an off-the-shelf detection model and inferring the different human body parts individually. Despite the impressive results achieved, these methods suffer from 1) loss of valuable contextual information via cropping, 2) introducing distractions, and 3) lacking inter-association among different persons and body parts, inevitably causing performance degradation, especially for crowded scenes. To address these issues, we introduce a novel all-in-one-stage framework, AiOS, for multiple expressive human pose and shape recovery without an additional human detection step. Specifically, our method is built upon DETR, which treats multi-person whole-body mesh recovery task as a progressive set prediction problem with various sequential detection. We devise the decoder tokens and extend them to our task. Specifically, we first employ a human token to probe a human location in the image and encode global features for each instance, which provides a coarse location for the later transformer block. Then, we introduce a joint-related token to probe the human joint in the image and encoder a fine-grained local feature, which collaborates with the global feature to regress the whole-body mesh. This straightforward but effective model outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods by a 9% reduction in NMVE on AGORA, a 30% reduction in PVE on EHF, a 10% reduction in PVE on ARCTIC, and a 3% reduction in PVE on EgoBody.
Key facts. Cited by 41 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 52 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Mar 2024.
Builds on
52 of 59 references.
References · 52
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- 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,384
- 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,410
- 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,600
- 2019MMDetection: Open MMLab Detection Toolbox and Benchmarkcited by 1,379
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- 2022DINO: DETR with Improved DeNoising Anchor Boxes for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 1,306
- 2017End-to-end Recovery of Human Shape and Posecited by 883
- 2019Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-fitting in the Loopcited by 625
- 2022DAB-DETR: Dynamic Anchor Boxes are Better Queries for DETRcited by 569
38 more
- 2021MOTR: End-to-End Multiple-Object Tracking with Transformercited by 379
- 2021PARE: Part Attention Regressor for 3D Human Body Estimationcited by 334
- 2022ARCTIC: A Dataset for Dexterous Bimanual Hand-Object Manipulationcited by 306
- 2020HybrIK: A Hybrid Analytical-Neural Inverse Kinematics Solution for 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 304
- 2019Convolutional Mesh Regression for Single-Image Human Shape Reconstructioncited by 270
- 2021Mesh Graphormercited by 264
- 2021PyMAF: 3D Human Pose and Shape Regression with Pyramidal Mesh Alignment Feedback Loopcited by 250
- 2022CLIFF: Carrying Location Information in Full Frames into Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 237
- 2023BEDLAM: A Synthetic Dataset of Bodies Exhibiting Detailed Lifelike Animated Motioncited by 229
- 2020Monocular, One-stage, Regression of Multiple 3D Peoplecited by 216
- 2021AGORA: Avatars in Geography Optimized for Regression Analysiscited by 203
- 2021FrankMocap: A Monocular 3D Whole-Body Pose Estimation System via Regression and Integrationcited by 168
- 2020Monocular Expressive Body Regression through Body-Driven Attentioncited by 155
- 2023SMPLer-X: Scaling Up Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 154
- 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Imagescited by 152
- 2021Putting People in their Place: Monocular Regression of 3D People in Depthcited by 141
- 2021Collaborative Regression of Expressive Bodies using Moderationcited by 137
- 2021EgoBody: Human Body Shape and Motion of Interacting People from Head-Mounted Devicescited by 136
- 2021End-to-End Human Object Interaction Detection with HOI Transformercited by 134
- 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 128
- 2022HuMMan: Multi-Modal 4D Human Dataset for Versatile Sensing and Modelingcited by 115
- 2021Mining the Benefits of Two-stage and One-stage HOI Detectioncited by 103
- 2023TRACE: 5D Temporal Regression of Avatars with Dynamic Cameras in 3D Environmentscited by 89
- 2020Accurate 3D Hand Pose Estimation for Whole-Body 3D Human Mesh Estimationcited by 81
- 2022Cross-Attention of Disentangled Modalities for 3D Human Mesh Recovery with Transformerscited by 81
- 20203D Human Mesh Regression with Dense Correspondencecited by 66
- 2021SmoothNet: A Plug-and-Play Network for Refining Human Poses in Videoscited by 64
- 2021Playing for 3D Human Recoverycited by 63
- 2020NeuralAnnot: Neural Annotator for 3D Human Mesh Training Setscited by 62
- 2023SynBody: Synthetic Dataset with Layered Human Models for 3D Human Perception and Modelingcited by 54
- 2023Explicit Box Detection Unifies End-to-End Multi-Person Pose Estimationcited by 48
- 2023HybrIK-X: Hybrid Analytical-Neural Inverse Kinematics for Whole-body Mesh Recoverycited by 48
- 2023NIKI: Neural Inverse Kinematics with Invertible Neural Networks for 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 45
- 2022TORE: Token Reduction for Efficient Human Mesh Recovery with Transformercited by 41
- 2023Zolly: Zoom Focal Length Correctly for Perspective-Distorted Human Mesh Reconstructioncited by 41
- 2022DeciWatch: A Simple Baseline for 10x Efficient 2D and 3D Pose Estimationcited by 29
- 2022PLIKS: A Pseudo-Linear Inverse Kinematic Solver for 3D Human Body Estimationcited by 18
- 2023Neural Interactive Keypoint Detectioncited by 12
50 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 10; 2025: 17; 2026: 14.
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- 2024OmniRe: Omni Urban Scene Reconstructioncited by 159
- 2025PromptHMR: Promptable Human Mesh Recoverycited by 70
- 2025SMPLest-X: Ultimate Scaling for Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 31
- 2025Vid2Avatar-Pro: Authentic Avatar from Videos in the Wild via Universal Priorcited by 31
- 2024UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Modelcited by 29
- 2025InteractVLM: 3D Interaction Reasoning from 2D Foundational Modelscited by 21
- 2024UniPose: A Unified Multimodal Framework for Human Pose Comprehension, Generation and Editingcited by 18
- 2024SAT-HMR: Real-Time Multi-Person 3D Mesh Estimation via Scale-Adaptive Tokenscited by 15
- 2024SIMS: Simulating Stylized Human-Scene Interactions with Retrieval-Augmented Script Generationcited by 12
- 2025Human Mesh Modeling for Anny Bodycited by 10
- 2024HandOS: 3D Hand Reconstruction in One Stagecited by 9
- 2025HumanRAM: Feed-forward Human Reconstruction and Animation Model using Transformerscited by 9
29 more
- 2025MoCapAnything: Unified 3D Motion Capture for Arbitrary Skeletons from Monocular Videoscited by 8
- 2025ADHMR: Aligning Diffusion-based Human Mesh Recovery via Direct Preference Optimizationcited by 6
- 2024CondiMen: Conditional Multi-Person Mesh Recoverycited by 5
- 2025Towards Metric-Aware Multi-Person Mesh Recovery by Jointly Optimizing Human Crowd in Camera Spacecited by 3
- 2025Efficient and Scalable Monocular Human-Object Interaction Motion Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2024HeatFormer: A Neural Optimizer for Multiview Human Mesh Recoverycited by 2
- 2025PHD: Personalized 3D Human Body Fitting with Point Diffusioncited by 2
- 2024Ask, Pose, Unite: Scaling Data Acquisition for Close Interactions with Vision Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025MeshMamba: State Space Models for Articulated 3D Mesh Generation and Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2025DexAvatar: 3D Sign Language Reconstruction with Hand and Body Pose Priorscited by 1
- 2026PEAR: Pixel-aligned Expressive humAn mesh Recoverycited by 1
- 2026Multi-HMR 2: Multi-Person Camera-Centric Human Detection, Mesh Recovery and Trackingcited by 1
- 2024Cross-Domain Knowledge Distillation for Low-Resolution Human Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2025Mocap-2-to-3: Multi-view Lifting for Monocular Motion Recovery with 2D Pretrainingcited by 0
- 2025From Motion to Behavior: Hierarchical Modeling of Humanoid Generative Behavior Controlcited by 0
- 2025On the Use of Hierarchical Vision Foundation Models for Low-Cost Human Mesh Recovery and Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2025Contact-Aware Refinement of Human Pose Pseudo-Ground Truth via Bioimpedance Sensingcited by 0
- 2026Enhancing Hands in 3D Whole-Body Pose Estimation with Conditional Hands Modulatorcited by 0
- 2026CrowdGaussian: Reconstructing High-Fidelity 3D Gaussians for Human Crowd from a Single Imagecited by 0
- 2026Chatting about Upper-Body Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 0
- 2026InterMesh: Explicit Interaction-Aware End-to-End Multi-Person Human Mesh Recoverycited by 0
- 2026Anny-Fit: All-Age Human Mesh Recoverycited by 0
- 2026RHINO: Reconstructing Human Interactions with Novel Objects from Monocular Videoscited by 0
- 2026DanceHMR: Hand-Aware Whole-Body Human Mesh Recovery from Monocular Videoscited by 0
- 2026SkelMo: Universal Skeletal Motion Generation for 3D Rigged Shapescited by 0
- 2026ScaleHP: Scale-Mediated Optimization of Coupled Errors for Metric-Space Hand Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2026DETRAM: End-to-end DEtection, Tracking and Recovery of HumAn Meshescited by 0
- 2026Crowd4D: Scene-Aware Monocular 4D Crowd Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026SeRV: Semantic-Aligned Residual Vector Quantization for American Sign Language Generationcited by 0
- 2026SeRV: Semantic-Aligned Residual Vector Quantization for American Sign Language Generation4 Sep 2026
- 2026Crowd4D: Scene-Aware Monocular 4D Crowd Reconstruction21 Jul 2026
- 2026DETRAM: End-to-end DEtection, Tracking and Recovery of HumAn Meshes10 Jul 2026
- 2026ScaleHP: Scale-Mediated Optimization of Coupled Errors for Metric-Space Hand Pose Estimation24 Jun 2026
- 2026Multi-HMR 2: Multi-Person Camera-Centric Human Detection, Mesh Recovery and Tracking12 Jun 2026
- 2026SkelMo: Universal Skeletal Motion Generation for 3D Rigged Shapes1 Jun 2026
- 2026DanceHMR: Hand-Aware Whole-Body Human Mesh Recovery from Monocular Videos18 May 2026
- 2026RHINO: Reconstructing Human Interactions with Novel Objects from Monocular Videos16 May 2026
- 2026Anny-Fit: All-Age Human Mesh Recovery6 May 2026
- 2026InterMesh: Explicit Interaction-Aware End-to-End Multi-Person Human Mesh Recovery6 May 2026
- 2026Chatting about Upper-Body Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation20 Apr 2026
- 2026CrowdGaussian: Reconstructing High-Fidelity 3D Gaussians for Human Crowd from a Single Image18 Mar 2026
29 more
- 2026Enhancing Hands in 3D Whole-Body Pose Estimation with Conditional Hands Modulator16 Mar 2026
- 2026PEAR: Pixel-aligned Expressive humAn mesh Recovery30 Jan 2026
- 2025DexAvatar: 3D Sign Language Reconstruction with Hand and Body Pose Priors24 Dec 2025
- 2025MoCapAnything: Unified 3D Motion Capture for Arbitrary Skeletons from Monocular Videos11 Dec 2025
- 2025Contact-Aware Refinement of Human Pose Pseudo-Ground Truth via Bioimpedance Sensing4 Dec 2025
- 2025Efficient and Scalable Monocular Human-Object Interaction Motion Reconstruction30 Nov 2025
- 2025Towards Metric-Aware Multi-Person Mesh Recovery by Jointly Optimizing Human Crowd in Camera Space17 Nov 2025
- 2025Human Mesh Modeling for Anny Body5 Nov 2025
- 2025On the Use of Hierarchical Vision Foundation Models for Low-Cost Human Mesh Recovery and Pose Estimation14 Oct 2025
- 2025PHD: Personalized 3D Human Body Fitting with Point Diffusion28 Aug 2025
- 2025MeshMamba: State Space Models for Articulated 3D Mesh Generation and Reconstruction21 Jul 2025
- 2025HumanRAM: Feed-forward Human Reconstruction and Animation Model using Transformers3 Jun 2025
- 2025From Motion to Behavior: Hierarchical Modeling of Humanoid Generative Behavior Control28 May 2025
- 2025ADHMR: Aligning Diffusion-based Human Mesh Recovery via Direct Preference Optimization15 May 2025
- 2025PromptHMR: Promptable Human Mesh Recovery8 Apr 2025
- 2025InteractVLM: 3D Interaction Reasoning from 2D Foundational Models7 Apr 2025
- 2025Mocap-2-to-3: Multi-view Lifting for Monocular Motion Recovery with 2D Pretraining5 Mar 2025
- 2025Vid2Avatar-Pro: Authentic Avatar from Videos in the Wild via Universal Prior3 Mar 2025
- 2025SMPLest-X: Ultimate Scaling for Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation16 Jan 2025
- 2024CondiMen: Conditional Multi-Person Mesh Recovery17 Dec 2024
- 2024HeatFormer: A Neural Optimizer for Multiview Human Mesh Recovery5 Dec 2024
- 2024HandOS: 3D Hand Reconstruction in One Stage2 Dec 2024
- 2024SIMS: Simulating Stylized Human-Scene Interactions with Retrieval-Augmented Script Generation29 Nov 2024
- 2024SAT-HMR: Real-Time Multi-Person 3D Mesh Estimation via Scale-Adaptive Tokens29 Nov 2024
- 2024UniPose: A Unified Multimodal Framework for Human Pose Comprehension, Generation and Editing25 Nov 2024
- 2024Ask, Pose, Unite: Scaling Data Acquisition for Close Interactions with Vision Language Models1 Oct 2024
- 2024OmniRe: Omni Urban Scene Reconstruction29 Aug 2024
- 2024UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Model1 Aug 2024
- 2024Cross-Domain Knowledge Distillation for Low-Resolution Human Pose Estimation19 May 2024
- 2024OmniRe: Omni Urban Scene Reconstructioncited by 159
- 2024OmniRe: Omni Urban Scene Reconstruction29 Aug 2024
- 2025PromptHMR: Promptable Human Mesh Recoverycited by 70
- 2025SMPLest-X: Ultimate Scaling for Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 31
- 2025Vid2Avatar-Pro: Authentic Avatar from Videos in the Wild via Universal Priorcited by 31
- 2024UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Modelcited by 29
- 2025InteractVLM: 3D Interaction Reasoning from 2D Foundational Modelscited by 21
- 2024UniPose: A Unified Multimodal Framework for Human Pose Comprehension, Generation and Editingcited by 18
- 2024SAT-HMR: Real-Time Multi-Person 3D Mesh Estimation via Scale-Adaptive Tokenscited by 15
- 2025Human Mesh Modeling for Anny Bodycited by 10
- 2024HandOS: 3D Hand Reconstruction in One Stagecited by 9
- 2025HumanRAM: Feed-forward Human Reconstruction and Animation Model using Transformerscited by 9
- 2025MoCapAnything: Unified 3D Motion Capture for Arbitrary Skeletons from Monocular Videoscited by 8
- 2025ADHMR: Aligning Diffusion-based Human Mesh Recovery via Direct Preference Optimizationcited by 6
12 most cited of 37 All 37 (JSON)
- 2026SeRV: Semantic-Aligned Residual Vector Quantization for American Sign Language Generation4 Sep 2026
- 2026Crowd4D: Scene-Aware Monocular 4D Crowd Reconstruction21 Jul 2026
- 2026DETRAM: End-to-end DEtection, Tracking and Recovery of HumAn Meshes10 Jul 2026
- 2026ScaleHP: Scale-Mediated Optimization of Coupled Errors for Metric-Space Hand Pose Estimation24 Jun 2026
- 2026Multi-HMR 2: Multi-Person Camera-Centric Human Detection, Mesh Recovery and Tracking12 Jun 2026
- 2026SkelMo: Universal Skeletal Motion Generation for 3D Rigged Shapes1 Jun 2026
- 2026DanceHMR: Hand-Aware Whole-Body Human Mesh Recovery from Monocular Videos18 May 2026
- 2026RHINO: Reconstructing Human Interactions with Novel Objects from Monocular Videos16 May 2026
- 2026Anny-Fit: All-Age Human Mesh Recovery6 May 2026
- 2026InterMesh: Explicit Interaction-Aware End-to-End Multi-Person Human Mesh Recovery6 May 2026
- 2026Chatting about Upper-Body Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation20 Apr 2026
- 2026CrowdGaussian: Reconstructing High-Fidelity 3D Gaussians for Human Crowd from a Single Image18 Mar 2026
12 newest of 37 All 37 (JSON)