TensoIR: Tensorial Inverse Rendering
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose TensoIR, a novel inverse rendering approach based on tensor factorization and neural fields. Unlike previous works that use purely MLP-based neural fields, thus suffering from low capacity and high computation costs, we extend TensoRF, a state-of-the-art approach for radiance field modeling, to estimate scene geometry, surface reflectance, and environment illumination from multi-view images captured under unknown lighting conditions. Our approach jointly achieves radiance field reconstruction and physically-based model estimation, leading to photo-realistic novel view synthesis and relighting results. Benefiting from the efficiency and extensibility of the TensoRF-based representation, our method can accurately model secondary shading effects (like shadows and indirect lighting) and generally support input images captured under single or multiple unknown lighting conditions. The low-rank tensor representation allows us to not only achieve fast and compact reconstruction but also better exploit shared information under an arbitrary number of capturing lighting conditions. We demonstrate the superiority of our method to baseline methods qualitatively and quantitatively on various challenging synthetic and real-world scenes.
Key facts. Cited by 166 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Apr 2023.
Builds on
25 of 48 references.
References · 25
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
- 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,275
- 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,204
- 2020Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,194
- 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 961
- 2020Neural Scene Flow Fields for Space-Time View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenescited by 750
- 2020pi-GAN: Periodic Implicit Generative Adversarial Networks for 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 708
- 2021Ref-NeRF: Structured View-Dependent Appearance for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 569
- 2022Point-NeRF: Point-based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 503
- 2020NeRV: Neural Reflectance and Visibility Fields for Relighting and View Synthesiscited by 493
- 2020NeRD: Neural Reflectance Decomposition from Image Collectionscited by 446
13 more
- 2021PhySG: Inverse Rendering with Spherical Gaussians for Physics-based Material Editing and Relightingcited by 332
- 2019Neural Point-Based Graphicscited by 326
- 2019Deferred Neural Rendering: Image Synthesis using Neural Texturescited by 253
- 2021Neural-PIL: Neural Pre-Integrated Lighting for Reflectance Decompositioncited by 204
- 2020Neural Reflectance Fields for Appearance Acquisitioncited by 196
- 2019Neural Volumes: Learning Dynamic Renderable Volumes from Imagescited by 173
- 2022Modeling Indirect Illumination for Inverse Renderingcited by 167
- 2022ARF: Artistic Radiance Fieldscited by 147
- 2021NeRFactor: Neural Factorization of Shape and Reflectance Under an Unknown Illuminationcited by 135
- 2021NeRF for Outdoor Scene Relightingcited by 114
- 2022IRON: Inverse Rendering by Optimizing Neural SDFs and Materials from Photometric Imagescited by 110
- 2020Deep Reflectance Volumes: Relightable Reconstructions from Multi-View Photometric Imagescited by 98
- 2020Deep 3D Capture: Geometry and Reflectance from Sparse Multi-View Imagescited by 65
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 26; 2024: 65; 2025: 43; 2026: 32.
166 papers.
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- 2024Evaluating Real-World Robot Manipulation Policies in Simulationcited by 484
- 2023GS-IR: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Inverse Renderingcited by 220
- 2023Relightable 3D Gaussians: Realistic Point Cloud Relighting with BRDF Decomposition and Ray Tracingcited by 138
- 2024Neural Gaffer: Relighting Any Object via Diffusioncited by 91
- 2023GIR: 3D Gaussian Inverse Rendering for Relightable Scene Factorizationcited by 86
- 2024IntrinsicAnything: Learning Diffusion Priors for Inverse Rendering Under Unknown Illuminationcited by 67
- 2024DeferredGS: Decoupled and Editable Gaussian Splatting with Deferred Shadingcited by 40
- 2024GI-GS: Global Illumination Decomposition on Gaussian Splatting for Inverse Renderingcited by 39
- 2024A Diffusion Approach to Radiance Field Relighting using Multi-Illumination Synthesiscited by 37
- 2024MeshAvatar: Learning High-quality Triangular Human Avatars from Multi-view Videoscited by 34
- 2023OpenIllumination: A Multi-Illumination Dataset for Inverse Rendering Evaluation on Real Objectscited by 31
- 2023SpecNeRF: Gaussian Directional Encoding for Specular Reflectionscited by 30
38 more
- 2024SAGD: Boundary-Enhanced Segment Anything in 3D Gaussian via Gaussian Decompositioncited by 29
- 2024IllumiNeRF: 3D Relighting Without Inverse Renderingcited by 29
- 2025Digital Twin Catalog: A Large-Scale Photorealistic 3D Object Digital Twin Datasetcited by 29
- 2024Recent Trends in 3D Reconstruction of General Non-Rigid Scenescited by 28
- 2024MaterialFusion: Enhancing Inverse Rendering with Material Diffusion Priorscited by 28
- 2023Animatable and Relightable Gaussians for High-fidelity Human Avatar Modelingcited by 27
- 2024Ref-GS: Directional Factorization for 2D Gaussian Splattingcited by 27
- 2024SRGS: Super-Resolution 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 26
- 2023NeISF: Neural Incident Stokes Field for Geometry and Material Estimationcited by 25
- 2024LetsGo: Large-Scale Garage Modeling and Rendering via LiDAR-Assisted Gaussian Primitivescited by 25
- 2025HRAvatar: High-Quality and Relightable Gaussian Head Avatarcited by 24
- 2024RelitLRM: Generative Relightable Radiance for Large Reconstruction Modelscited by 23
- 2023UrbanIR: Large-Scale Urban Scene Inverse Rendering from a Single Videocited by 22
- 2024GeoSplatting: Towards Geometry Guided Gaussian Splatting for Physically-based Inverse Renderingcited by 22
- 2025SVG-IR: Spatially-Varying Gaussian Splatting for Inverse Renderingcited by 22
- 2025MaterialRefGS: Reflective Gaussian Splatting with Multi-view Consistent Material Inferencecited by 22
- 2024IDArb: Intrinsic Decomposition for Arbitrary Number of Input Views and Illuminationscited by 21
- 2023IntrinsicAvatar: Physically Based Inverse Rendering of Dynamic Humans from Monocular Videos via Explicit Ray Tracingcited by 20
- 2023SIRe-IR: Inverse Rendering for BRDF Reconstruction with Shadow and Illumination Removal in High-Illuminance Scenescited by 19
- 2024IRIS: Inverse Rendering of Indoor Scenes from Low Dynamic Range Imagescited by 19
- 2024Objects With Lighting: A Real-World Dataset for Evaluating Reconstruction and Rendering for Object Relightingcited by 18
- 2024GuardSplat: Efficient and Robust Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 18
- 2024URHand: Universal Relightable Handscited by 17
- 2025iVR-GS: Inverse Volume Rendering for Explorable Visualization via Editable 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 17
- 20243iGS: Factorised Tensorial Illumination for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 16
- 2025LIRM: Large Inverse Rendering Model for Progressive Reconstruction of Shape, Materials and View-dependent Radiance Fieldscited by 16
- 2023Factored-NeuS: Reconstructing Surfaces, Illumination, and Materials of Possibly Glossy Objectscited by 15
- 2025LightSwitch: Multi-view Relighting with Material-guided Diffusioncited by 15
- 2024GS-ID: Illumination Decomposition on Gaussian Splatting via Adaptive Light Aggregation and Diffusion-Guided Material Priorscited by 14
- 2024ReCap: Better Gaussian Relighting with Cross-Environment Capturescited by 14
- 2024RNG: Relightable Neural Gaussianscited by 13
- 2024GlossyGS: Inverse Rendering of Glossy Objects with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 13
- 2024Generative Multiview Relighting for 3D Reconstruction under Extreme Illumination Variationcited by 13
- 2024Surfel-based Gaussian Inverse Rendering for Fast and Relightable Dynamic Human Reconstruction from Monocular Videocited by 12
- 2024Flash Cache: Reducing Bias in Radiance Cache Based Inverse Renderingcited by 12
- 2024PBR-NeRF: Inverse Rendering with Physics-Based Neural Fieldscited by 12
- 2025Gaussian Splatting with Discretized SDF for Relightable Assetscited by 12
- 2023Relightable Neural Actor with Intrinsic Decomposition and Pose Controlcited by 11
50 most cited of 166 All 166 (JSON)
- 2026LumiTokens: 3D Relighting via Token-Space Lighting Transformation18 Aug 2026
- 2026Plenoptic Condensation: A Novel Approach to Generalized Scene Reconstruction20 Jul 2026
- 2026Dynamic Inverse Rendering for Enhanced Material-Lighting Decomposition10 Jul 2026
- 2026LightCrafter: PBR-Conditioned Video Diffusion Refinement for Controllable and Consistent Relighting9 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning Spectral and Polarimetric Clues for One-to-Multimodal Novel View Synthesis2 Jul 2026
- 2026Diffusion-Based Material Regularization for Physics-Based Inverse Rendering30 Jun 2026
- 2026DR-GS: Physically-Based Deformable and Relightable 2D Gaussians28 Jun 2026
- 2026RAGA: Real Time Ray Traced Gaussian Shadow Casting for 3DGS Avatar-Scene Interaction28 Jun 2026
- 2026DANTE-W: Diffuse Albedo Neural Texturing in the Wild26 Jun 2026
- 2026Extracting Neural Materials from Images25 Jun 2026
- 2026From Sparse and Imperfect 2D Anchors to Consistent 3D Gaussian Street Scenes: Support-Aware Appearance24 Jun 2026
- 2026BRDFusion: Physics Meets Generation for Urban Scene Inverse Rendering15 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026TRON: Tracing Rays to Orchestrate a Neural Renderer for 3D Gaussian Reconstructions9 Jun 2026
- 2026Seeing through boxes: Non-Line-of-Sight 3D Reconstruction from Radar Signals27 May 2026
- 2026GeRaF: Neural Geometry Reconstruction from Radio Frequency Signals27 May 2026
- 2026Snapshot Polarimetric Display Inverse Rendering24 May 2026
- 20263DReflecNet: A Large-Scale Dataset for 3D Reconstruction of Reflective, Transparent, and Low-Texture Objects11 May 2026
- 2026SeasonScapes: Learning Large-scale Re-lightable 3D Landscapes with Seasonal Variation from Sparse Webcams9 May 2026
- 2026Relightable Gaussian Splatting for Virtual Production Using Image-Based Illumination9 May 2026
- 2026GOR-IS: 3D Gaussian Object Removal in the Intrinsic Space1 May 2026
- 2026LumiMotion: Improving Gaussian Relighting with Scene Dynamics13 Apr 2026
- 2026From Blobs to Spokes: High-Fidelity Surface Reconstruction via Oriented Gaussians8 Apr 2026
- 2026Appearance Decomposition Gaussian Splatting for Multi-Traversal Reconstruction7 Apr 2026
- 2026LSRM: High-Fidelity Object-Centric Reconstruction via Scaled Context Windows6 Apr 2026
- 2026Generative World Renderer2 Apr 2026
- 2026SGS-Intrinsic: Semantic-Invariant Gaussian Splatting for Sparse-View Indoor Inverse Rendering29 Mar 2026
- 2026Radiometrically Consistent Gaussian Surfels for Inverse Rendering2 Mar 2026
- 2026DiffTrans: Differentiable Geometry-Materials Decomposition for Reconstructing Transparent Objects28 Feb 2026
- 2026Rotated Lights for Consistent and Efficient 2D Gaussians Inverse Rendering9 Feb 2026
- 2026LightCity: An Urban Dataset for Outdoor Inverse Rendering and Reconstruction under Multi-illumination Conditions1 Feb 2026
- 2026SyncLight: Single-Edit Multi-View Relighting23 Jan 2026
- 2026Animated 3DGS Avatars in Diverse Scenes with Consistent Lighting and Shadows4 Jan 2026
- 2025POLAR: A Portrait OLAT Dataset and Generative Framework for Illumination-Aware Face Modeling15 Dec 2025
- 2025GAINS: Gaussian-based Inverse Rendering from Sparse Multi-View Captures10 Dec 2025
- 2025GLOW: Global Illumination-Aware Inverse Rendering of Indoor Scenes Captured with Dynamic Co-Located Light & Camera28 Nov 2025
- 2025UAVLight: A Benchmark for Illumination-Robust 3D Reconstruction in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Scenes26 Nov 2025
- 2025MatMart: Material Reconstruction of 3D Objects via Diffusion24 Nov 2025
- 2025OLATverse: A Large-scale Real-world Object Dataset with Precise Lighting Control4 Nov 2025
- 2025MaterialRefGS: Reflective Gaussian Splatting with Multi-view Consistent Material Inference13 Oct 2025
- 2025ComGS: Efficient 3D Object-Scene Composition via Surface Octahedral Probes9 Oct 2025
- 2025ROGR: Relightable 3D Objects using Generative Relighting3 Oct 2025
- 2025GS-2M: Material-aware Gaussian Splatting for High-fidelity Mesh Reconstruction26 Sep 2025
- 2025TensoIS: A Step Towards Feed-Forward Tensorial Inverse Subsurface Scattering for Perlin Distributed Heterogeneous Media4 Sep 2025
- 2025GOGS: High-Fidelity Geometry and Relighting for Glossy Objects via Gaussian Surfels20 Aug 2025
- 2025A Real-world Display Inverse Rendering Dataset20 Aug 2025
- 2025LightSwitch: Multi-view Relighting with Material-guided Diffusion8 Aug 2025
- 2025GaRe: Relightable 3D Gaussian Splatting for Outdoor Scenes from Unconstrained Photo Collections28 Jul 2025
- 2025HumanMaterial: Human Material Estimation from a Single Image via Progressive Training24 Jul 2025
- 2025PS-GS: Gaussian Splatting for Multi-View Photometric Stereo24 Jul 2025
- 2025InvRGB+L: Inverse Rendering of Complex Scenes with Unified Color and LiDAR Reflectance Modeling23 Jul 2025
50 newest of 166 All 166 (JSON)
- 2024Neural Gaffer: Relighting Any Object via Diffusioncited by 91
- 2024IntrinsicAnything: Learning Diffusion Priors for Inverse Rendering Under Unknown Illuminationcited by 67
- 2024A Diffusion Approach to Radiance Field Relighting using Multi-Illumination Synthesiscited by 37
- 2024MaterialFusion: Enhancing Inverse Rendering with Material Diffusion Priorscited by 28
- 2025LightSwitch: Multi-view Relighting with Material-guided Diffusioncited by 15
- 2025Diffusion Models are Secretly Zero-Shot 3DGS Harmonizerscited by 2
- 2025MatMart: Material Reconstruction of 3D Objects via Diffusioncited by 2
- 2025GAINS: Gaussian-based Inverse Rendering from Sparse Multi-View Capturescited by 1
- 2023Self-supervised Fetal MRI 3D Reconstruction Based on Radiation Diffusion Generation Modelcited by 0
- 2026Diffusion-Based Material Regularization for Physics-Based Inverse Renderingcited by 0
- 2026LightCrafter: PBR-Conditioned Video Diffusion Refinement for Controllable and Consistent Relightingcited by 0
- 2026LightCrafter: PBR-Conditioned Video Diffusion Refinement for Controllable and Consistent Relighting9 Jul 2026
- 2026Diffusion-Based Material Regularization for Physics-Based Inverse Rendering30 Jun 2026
- 2025GAINS: Gaussian-based Inverse Rendering from Sparse Multi-View Captures10 Dec 2025
- 2025MatMart: Material Reconstruction of 3D Objects via Diffusion24 Nov 2025
- 2025LightSwitch: Multi-view Relighting with Material-guided Diffusion8 Aug 2025
- 2025Diffusion Models are Secretly Zero-Shot 3DGS Harmonizers9 Mar 2025
- 2024MaterialFusion: Enhancing Inverse Rendering with Material Diffusion Priors23 Sep 2024
- 2024A Diffusion Approach to Radiance Field Relighting using Multi-Illumination Synthesis13 Sep 2024
- 2024Neural Gaffer: Relighting Any Object via Diffusion11 Jun 2024
- 2024IntrinsicAnything: Learning Diffusion Priors for Inverse Rendering Under Unknown Illumination17 Apr 2024
- 2023Self-supervised Fetal MRI 3D Reconstruction Based on Radiation Diffusion Generation Model16 Oct 2023
- 2024Evaluating Real-World Robot Manipulation Policies in Simulationcited by 484
- 2023GS-IR: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Inverse Renderingcited by 220
- 2023Relightable 3D Gaussians: Realistic Point Cloud Relighting with BRDF Decomposition and Ray Tracingcited by 138
- 2023GIR: 3D Gaussian Inverse Rendering for Relightable Scene Factorizationcited by 86
- 2024DeferredGS: Decoupled and Editable Gaussian Splatting with Deferred Shadingcited by 40
- 2024GI-GS: Global Illumination Decomposition on Gaussian Splatting for Inverse Renderingcited by 39
- 2024MeshAvatar: Learning High-quality Triangular Human Avatars from Multi-view Videoscited by 34
- 2023OpenIllumination: A Multi-Illumination Dataset for Inverse Rendering Evaluation on Real Objectscited by 31
- 2023SpecNeRF: Gaussian Directional Encoding for Specular Reflectionscited by 30
- 2024SAGD: Boundary-Enhanced Segment Anything in 3D Gaussian via Gaussian Decompositioncited by 29
- 2024IllumiNeRF: 3D Relighting Without Inverse Renderingcited by 29
- 2025Digital Twin Catalog: A Large-Scale Photorealistic 3D Object Digital Twin Datasetcited by 29
12 most cited of 155 All 155 (JSON)
- 2026LumiTokens: 3D Relighting via Token-Space Lighting Transformation18 Aug 2026
- 2026Plenoptic Condensation: A Novel Approach to Generalized Scene Reconstruction20 Jul 2026
- 2026Dynamic Inverse Rendering for Enhanced Material-Lighting Decomposition10 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning Spectral and Polarimetric Clues for One-to-Multimodal Novel View Synthesis2 Jul 2026
- 2026DR-GS: Physically-Based Deformable and Relightable 2D Gaussians28 Jun 2026
- 2026RAGA: Real Time Ray Traced Gaussian Shadow Casting for 3DGS Avatar-Scene Interaction28 Jun 2026
- 2026DANTE-W: Diffuse Albedo Neural Texturing in the Wild26 Jun 2026
- 2026Extracting Neural Materials from Images25 Jun 2026
- 2026From Sparse and Imperfect 2D Anchors to Consistent 3D Gaussian Street Scenes: Support-Aware Appearance24 Jun 2026
- 2026BRDFusion: Physics Meets Generation for Urban Scene Inverse Rendering15 Jun 2026
- 2026TRON: Tracing Rays to Orchestrate a Neural Renderer for 3D Gaussian Reconstructions9 Jun 2026
- 2026Seeing through boxes: Non-Line-of-Sight 3D Reconstruction from Radar Signals27 May 2026
12 newest of 155 All 155 (JSON)