mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

3iGS: Factorised Tensorial Illumination for 3D Gaussian Splatting

arXiv 2408.03753 ↗First posted 7 Aug 2024cs.CVcited by 16

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Abstract (arXiv)

The use of 3D Gaussians as representation of radiance fields has enabled high quality novel view synthesis at real-time rendering speed. However, the choice of optimising the outgoing radiance of each Gaussian independently as spherical harmonics results in unsatisfactory view dependent effects. In response to these limitations, our work, Factorised Tensorial Illumination for 3D Gaussian Splatting, or 3iGS, improves upon 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) rendering quality. Instead of optimising a single outgoing radiance parameter, 3iGS enhances 3DGS view-dependent effects by expressing the outgoing radiance as a function of a local illumination field and Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) features. We optimise a continuous incident illumination field through a Tensorial Factorisation representation, while separately fine-tuning the BRDF features of each 3D Gaussian relative to this illumination field. Our methodology significantly enhances the rendering quality of specular view-dependent effects of 3DGS, while maintaining rapid training and rendering speeds.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Aug 2024.

Builds on

21 of 32 references.

References · 21

  1. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
  2. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
  3. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
  4. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,957
  5. 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,701
  6. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,607
  7. 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,275
  8. 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 961
  9. 2020NeRF++: Analyzing and Improving Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 857
  10. 2023Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 667
  11. 2021Ref-NeRF: Structured View-Dependent Appearance for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 569
  12. 2020NeRV: Neural Reflectance and Visibility Fields for Relighting and View Synthesiscited by 493
9 more
  1. 2023Neuralangelo: High-Fidelity Neural Surface Reconstructioncited by 464
  2. 2020NeRD: Neural Reflectance Decomposition from Image Collectionscited by 446
  3. 2021Extracting Triangular 3D Models, Materials, and Lighting From Imagescited by 363
  4. 2023GaussianShader: 3D Gaussian Splatting with Shading Functions for Reflective Surfacescited by 249
  5. 2021Neural-PIL: Neural Pre-Integrated Lighting for Reflectance Decompositioncited by 204
  6. 2020Neural Reflectance Fields for Appearance Acquisitioncited by 196
  7. 2023TensoIR: Tensorial Inverse Renderingcited by 166
  8. 2023GIR: 3D Gaussian Inverse Rendering for Relightable Scene Factorizationcited by 86
  9. 2023ENVIDR: Implicit Differentiable Renderer with Neural Environment Lightingcited by 63

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 8; 2026: 5.

16 papers.

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  1. 2024EnvGS: Modeling View-Dependent Appearance with Environment Gaussiancited by 34
  2. 2024Ref-GS: Directional Factorization for 2D Gaussian Splattingcited by 27
  3. 2025MaterialRefGS: Reflective Gaussian Splatting with Multi-view Consistent Material Inferencecited by 22
  4. 2025Spherical Voronoi: Directional Appearance as a Differentiable Partition of the Spherecited by 10
  5. 2025MeshSplats: Mesh-Based Rendering with Gaussian Splatting Initializationcited by 9
  6. 2025RGS-DR: Deferred Reflections and Residual Shading in 2D Gaussian Splattingcited by 3
  7. 2025TextureSplat: Per-Primitive Texture Mapping for Reflective Gaussian Splattingcited by 3
  8. 2025PolarGS: Polarimetric Cues for Ambiguity-Free Gaussian Splatting with Accurate Geometry Recoverycited by 1
  9. 2026TransmissiveGS: Residual-Guided Disentangled Gaussian Splatting for Transmissive Scene Reconstruction and Renderingcited by 1
  10. 2024Projecting Gaussian Ellipsoids While Avoiding Affine Projection Approximationcited by 0
  11. 2025PolarGuide-GSDR: 3D Gaussian Splatting Driven by Polarization Priors and Deferred Reflection for Real-World Reflective Scenescited by 0
  12. 2025TraceFlow: Dynamic 3D Reconstruction of Specular Scenes Driven by Ray Tracingcited by 0
4 more
  1. 2026Augmented Radiance Field: A General Framework for Enhanced Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
  2. 2026SSR-GS: Separating Specular Reflection in Gaussian Splatting for Glossy Surface Reconstructioncited by 0
  3. 2026Learning Stable Canonical Worlds for Novel View Synthesis and Beyondcited by 0
  4. 2026RGS: Reflection-aware Gaussian Splatting via Learning Geometry Continuity for Reflective Objectscited by 0