mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

WildGaussians: 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wild

arXiv 2407.08447 ↗First posted 11 Jul 2024cs.CVcited by 150

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Abstract (arXiv)

While the field of 3D scene reconstruction is dominated by NeRFs due to their photorealistic quality, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has recently emerged, offering similar quality with real-time rendering speeds. However, both methods primarily excel with well-controlled 3D scenes, while in-the-wild data - characterized by occlusions, dynamic objects, and varying illumination - remains challenging. NeRFs can adapt to such conditions easily through per-image embedding vectors, but 3DGS struggles due to its explicit representation and lack of shared parameters. To address this, we introduce WildGaussians, a novel approach to handle occlusions and appearance changes with 3DGS. By leveraging robust DINO features and integrating an appearance modeling module within 3DGS, our method achieves state-of-the-art results. We demonstrate that WildGaussians matches the real-time rendering speed of 3DGS while surpassing both 3DGS and NeRF baselines in handling in-the-wild data, all within a simple architectural framework.

Key facts. Cited by 150 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jul 2024.

Builds on

38 of 53 references.

References · 38

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  3. 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,764
  4. 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
  5. 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,893
  6. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
  7. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
  8. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
  9. 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,230
  10. 2020Neural Scene Flow Fields for Space-Time View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenescited by 750
  11. 2023K-Planes: Explicit Radiance Fields in Space, Time, and Appearancecited by 742
  12. 2022Block-NeRF: Scalable Large Scene Neural View Synthesiscited by 720
26 more
  1. 2023Scaffold-GS: Structured 3D Gaussians for View-Adaptive Renderingcited by 684
  2. 2021KiloNeRF: Speeding up Neural Radiance Fields with Thousands of Tiny MLPscited by 672
  3. 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 661
  4. 2023Nerfstudio: A Modular Framework for Neural Radiance Field Developmentcited by 596
  5. 2021Dynamic View Synthesis from Dynamic Monocular Videocited by 420
  6. 2020Space-time Neural Irradiance Fields for Free-Viewpoint Videocited by 414
  7. 2020Neural Radiance Flow for 4D View Synthesis and Video Processingcited by 270
  8. 2021Urban Radiance Fieldscited by 263
  9. 2023EmerNeRF: Emergent Spatial-Temporal Scene Decomposition via Self-Supervisioncited by 216
  10. 2024A Hierarchical 3D Gaussian Representation for Real-Time Rendering of Very Large Datasetscited by 214
  11. 2024VastGaussian: Vast 3D Gaussians for Large Scene Reconstructioncited by 209
  12. 2022D2NeRF: Self-Supervised Decoupling of Dynamic and Static Objects from a Monocular Videocited by 136
  13. 2021Hallucinated Neural Radiance Fields in the Wildcited by 130
  14. 2024Gaussian in the Wild: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Unconstrained Image Collectionscited by 117
  15. 2023RobustNeRF: Ignoring Distractors with Robust Lossescited by 101
  16. 2024NeRF On-the-go: Exploiting Uncertainty for Distractor-free NeRFs in the Wildcited by 85
  17. 2024AbsGS: Recovering Fine Details for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 80
  18. 2020Crowdsampling the Plenoptic Functioncited by 62
  19. 2024SWAG: Splatting in the Wild images with Appearance-conditioned Gaussianscited by 61
  20. 2024SpotlessSplats: Ignoring Distractors in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 61
  21. 2023Tetra-NeRF: Representing Neural Radiance Fields Using Tetrahedracited by 57
  22. 2023Cross-Ray Neural Radiance Fields for Novel-view Synthesis from Unconstrained Image Collectionscited by 54
  23. 2024Dynamic 3D Gaussian Fields for Urban Areascited by 35
  24. 2024WE-GS: An In-the-wild Efficient 3D Gaussian Representation for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 33
  25. 2024NerfBaselines: Consistent and Reproducible Evaluation of Novel View Synthesis Methodscited by 24
  26. 2024Robust Gaussian Splattingcited by 16

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 17; 2025: 74; 2026: 59.

150 papers.

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  1. 2025WildGS-SLAM: Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM in Dynamic Environmentscited by 48
  2. 2024DeSiRe-GS: 4D Street Gaussians for Static-Dynamic Decomposition and Surface Reconstruction for Urban Driving Scenescited by 45
  3. 2024DreamDrive: Generative 4D Scene Modeling from Street View Imagescited by 35
  4. 2025Luminance-GS: Adapting 3D Gaussian Splatting to Challenging Lighting Conditions with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustmentcited by 27
  5. 2024Feat2GS: Probing Visual Foundation Models with Gaussian Splattingcited by 26
  6. 2024DAS3R: Dynamics-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Static Scene Reconstructioncited by 25
  7. 2025LODGE: Level-of-Detail Large-Scale Gaussian Splatting with Efficient Renderingcited by 25
  8. 2025DroneSplat: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Robust 3D Reconstruction from In-the-Wild Drone Imagerycited by 20
  9. 2024DeRainGS: Gaussian Splatting for Enhanced Scene Reconstruction in Rainy Environmentscited by 19
  10. 2025RealX3D: A Physically-Degraded 3D Benchmark for Multi-view Visual Restoration and Reconstructioncited by 19
  11. 2025MTGS: Multi-Traversal Gaussian Splattingcited by 17
  12. 2024HybridGS: Decoupling Transients and Statics with 2D and 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 16
38 more
  1. 2025DeGauss: Dynamic-Static Decomposition with Gaussian Splatting for Distractor-free 3D Reconstructioncited by 16
  2. 2025Skyfall-GS: Synthesizing Immersive 3D Urban Scenes from Satellite Imagerycited by 16
  3. 2024DeSplat: Decomposed Gaussian Splatting for Distractor-Free Renderingcited by 15
  4. 2025Dense-SfM: Structure from Motion with Dense Consistent Matchingcited by 15
  5. 2025DenseSplat: Densifying Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Neural Radiance Priorcited by 14
  6. 20253D Student Splatting and Scoopingcited by 14
  7. 2025LL-Gaussian: Low-Light Scene Reconstruction and Enhancement via Gaussian Splatting for Novel View Synthesiscited by 14
  8. 2025Unifying Appearance Codes and Bilateral Grids for Driving Scene Gaussian Splattingcited by 14
  9. 2024Multiview Equivariance Improves 3D Correspondence Understanding with Minimal Feature Finetuningcited by 13
  10. 2024T-3DGS: Removing Transient Objects for 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 13
  11. 2025SkySplat: Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting from Multi-Temporal Sparse Satellite Imagescited by 13
  12. 2024Temporally Compressed 3D Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scenescited by 11
  13. 2025GaRe: Relightable 3D Gaussian Splatting for Outdoor Scenes from Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 11
  14. 2025Micro-macro Wavelet-based Gaussian Splatting for 3D Reconstruction from Unconstrained Imagescited by 10
  15. 2025Training-Free Hierarchical Scene Understanding for Gaussian Splatting with Superpoint Graphscited by 10
  16. 2025RobustSplat: Decoupling Densification and Dynamics for Transient-Free 3DGScited by 10
  17. 2025G4Splat: Geometry-Guided Gaussian Splatting with Generative Priorcited by 10
  18. 2024Sources of Uncertainty in 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 9
  19. 2025GaussHDR: High Dynamic Range Gaussian Splatting via Learning Unified 3D and 2D Local Tone Mappingcited by 9
  20. 2025Learning-based 3D Reconstruction in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 9
  21. 2026DROID-SLAM in the Wildcited by 9
  22. 2024Distractor-free Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 8
  23. 2025Splat4D: Diffusion-Enhanced 4D Gaussian Splatting for Temporally and Spatially Consistent Content Creationcited by 8
  24. 2025COS3D: Collaborative Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentationcited by 8
  25. 2026Unifying Color and Lightness Correction with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustment for Robust 3D Novel View Synthesiscited by 8
  26. 2024KFC-W: Generating 3D-Consistent Videos from Unposed Internet Photoscited by 7
  27. 2024NexusSplats: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 7
  28. 2025Decoupling Appearance Variations with 3D Consistent Features in Gaussian Splattingcited by 7
  29. 2025Seg-Wild: Interactive Segmentation based on 3D Gaussian Splatting for Unconstrained Image Collectionscited by 7
  30. 2025ForestSplats: Deformable transient field for Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 6
  31. 2025UP-SLAM: Adaptively Structured Gaussian SLAM with Uncertainty Prediction in Dynamic Environmentscited by 6
  32. 2025Robust Neural Rendering in the Wild with Asymmetric Dual 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
  33. 2025From Coarse to Fine: Learnable Discrete Wavelet Transforms for Efficient 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
  34. 2024SimVS: Simulating World Inconsistencies for Robust View Synthesiscited by 5
  35. 20253D-UIR: 3D Gaussian for Underwater 3D Scene Reconstruction via Physics Based Appearance-Medium Decouplingcited by 5
  36. 2025MS-GS: Multi-Appearance Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 5
  37. 2025EgoSplat: Open-Vocabulary Egocentric Scene Understanding with Language Embedded 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 4
  38. 2025CHROMA: Consistent Harmonization of Multi-View Appearance via Bilateral Grid Predictioncited by 4

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