DOGS: Distributed-Oriented Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale 3D Reconstruction Via Gaussian Consensus
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Abstract (arXiv)
The recent advances in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) show promising results on the novel view synthesis (NVS) task. With its superior rendering performance and high-fidelity rendering quality, 3DGS is excelling at its previous NeRF counterparts. The most recent 3DGS method focuses either on improving the instability of rendering efficiency or reducing the model size. On the other hand, the training efficiency of 3DGS on large-scale scenes has not gained much attention. In this work, we propose DoGaussian, a method that trains 3DGS distributedly. Our method first decomposes a scene into K blocks and then introduces the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) into the training procedure of 3DGS. During training, our DOGS maintains one global 3DGS model on the master node and K local 3DGS models on the slave nodes. The K local 3DGS models are dropped after training and we only query the global 3DGS model during inference. The training time is reduced by scene decomposition, and the training convergence and stability are guaranteed through the consensus on the shared 3D Gaussians. Our method accelerates the training of 3DGS by 6+ times when evaluated on large-scale scenes while concurrently achieving state-of-the-art rendering quality. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/AIBluefisher/DOGS.
Key facts. Cited by 51 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 46 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 May 2024.
Builds on
46 of 62 references.
References · 46
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34 more
- 2021PlenOctrees for Real-time Rendering of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 905
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- 2021Depth-supervised NeRF: Fewer Views and Faster Training for Freecited by 735
- 2022Block-NeRF: Scalable Large Scene Neural View Synthesiscited by 724
- 2021IBRNet: Learning Multi-View Image-Based Renderingcited by 703
- 2023Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 671
- 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 667
- 2021BARF: Bundle-Adjusting Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 642
- 2021Mega-NeRF: Scalable Construction of Large-Scale NeRFs for Virtual Fly-Throughscited by 398
- 2023SplaTAM: Splat, Track & Map 3D Gaussians for Dense RGB-D SLAMcited by 388
- 2021Dense Depth Priors for Neural Radiance Fields from Sparse Input Viewscited by 302
- 2023FSGS: Real-Time Few-shot View Synthesis using Gaussian Splattingcited by 279
- 2021Urban Radiance Fieldscited by 263
- 2024DNGaussian: Optimizing Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Radiance Fields with Global-Local Depth Normalizationcited by 256
- 2024Octree-GS: Towards Consistent Real-time Rendering with LOD-Structured 3D Gaussianscited by 230
- 2024VastGaussian: Vast 3D Gaussians for Large Scene Reconstructioncited by 209
- 2024GaussianPro: 3D Gaussian Splatting with Progressive Propagationcited by 200
- 2021GeoNeRF: Generalizing NeRF with Geometry Priorscited by 196
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- 2021Light Field Neural Renderingcited by 108
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- 2024SAGS: Structure-Aware 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 21
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- 2024Fed3DGS: Scalable 3D Gaussian Splatting with Federated Learningcited by 12
- 2023AdaSfM: From Coarse Global to Fine Incremental Adaptive Structure from Motioncited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 11; 2025: 23; 2026: 17.
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- 2024FlashGS: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale and High-resolution Renderingcited by 88
- 2024CityGaussianV2: Efficient and Geometrically Accurate Reconstruction for Large-Scale Scenescited by 50
- 2024On Scaling Up 3D Gaussian Splatting Trainingcited by 49
- 2025DashGaussian: Optimizing 3D Gaussian Splatting in 200 Secondscited by 38
- 2024Horizon-GS: Unified 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Aerial-to-Ground Scenescited by 30
- 2024Momentum-GS: Momentum Gaussian Self-Distillation for High-Quality Large Scene Reconstructioncited by 28
- 2025CityGS-X: A Scalable Architecture for Efficient and Geometrically Accurate Large-Scale Scene Reconstructioncited by 26
- 2024StreetSurfGS: Scalable Urban Street Surface Reconstruction with Planar-based Gaussian Splattingcited by 19
- 2025Skyfall-GS: Synthesizing Immersive 3D Urban Scenes from Satellite Imagerycited by 17
- 2024Balanced 3DGS: Gaussian-wise Parallelism Rendering with Fine-Grained Tilingcited by 12
- 2024CoSurfGS:Collaborative 3D Surface Gaussian Splatting with Distributed Learning for Large Scene Reconstructioncited by 11
- 2025FlexGaussian: Flexible and Cost-Effective Training-Free Compression for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 11
38 more
- 2025GS-Occ3D: Scaling Vision-only Occupancy Reconstruction with Gaussian Splattingcited by 11
- 2024ZeroGS: Training 3D Gaussian Splatting from Unposed Imagescited by 10
- 2025OccluGaussian: Occlusion-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Large Scene Reconstruction and Renderingcited by 10
- 2025Learning-based 3D Reconstruction in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 9
- 2025BlockGaussian: Efficient Large-Scale Scene Novel View Synthesis via Adaptive Block-Based Gaussian Splattingcited by 8
- 2024DGTR: Distributed Gaussian Turbo-Reconstruction for Sparse-View Vast Scenescited by 5
- 2025CityGo: Lightweight Urban Modeling and Rendering with Proxy Buildings and Residual Gaussianscited by 5
- 2025From Orbit to Ground: Generative City Photogrammetry from Extreme Off-Nadir Satellite Imagescited by 5
- 2025Gaussian On-the-Fly Splatting: A Progressive Framework for Robust Near Real-Time 3DGS Optimizationcited by 4
- 2025Learning Heterogeneous Mixture of Scene Experts for Large-scale Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 4
- 2025Holistic Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction via Mixed Gaussian Splattingcited by 4
- 20253D Gaussian Splatting for Fine-Detailed Surface Reconstruction in Large-Scale Scenecited by 4
- 2026UrbanGS: A Scalable and Efficient Architecture for Geometrically Accurate Large-Scene Reconstructioncited by 4
- 2024Tortho-Gaussian: Splatting True Digital Orthophoto Mapscited by 3
- 2025CLM: Removing the GPU Memory Barrier for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 3
- 2025Micro-macro Gaussian Splatting with Enhanced Scalability for Unconstrained Scene Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2025LoBE-GS: Load-Balanced and Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Scene Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2025BalanceGS: Algorithm-System Co-design for Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting Training on GPUcited by 2
- 2026TideGS: Scalable Training of Over One Billion 3D Gaussian Splatting Primitives via Out-of-Core Optimizationcited by 2
- 2026Signal Structure-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Scene Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2025EA-3DGS: Efficient and Adaptive 3D Gaussians with Highly Enhanced Quality for outdoor scenescited by 1
- 2025SplatCo: Structure-View Collaborative Gaussian Splatting for Detail-Preserving Rendering of Large-Scale Unbounded Scenescited by 1
- 2025A-TDOM: Active TDOM via On-the-Fly 3DGScited by 1
- 2025PrismGS: Physically-Grounded Anti-Aliasing for High-Fidelity Large-Scale 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
- 2026FilterGS: Traversal-Free Parallel Filtering and Adaptive Shrinking for Large-Scale LoD 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
- 2026FreeScale: Scaling 3D Scenes via Certainty-Aware Free-View Generationcited by 1
- 2026Splaxel: Efficient Distributed Training of 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale Scene Reconstruction via Pixel-level Communicationcited by 1
- 2026City-Level 3D Surface Reconstruction with Viewpoint Orientation Partitioning and Scene Completioncited by 1
- 2025TraGraph-GS: Trajectory Graph-based Gaussian Splatting for Arbitrary Large-Scale Scene Renderingcited by 0
- 2026SwiftGS: Episodic Priors for Immediate Satellite Surface Recoverycited by 0
- 2026City-Mesh3R: Simulation-Ready City-Scale 3D Mesh Reconstruction from Multi-View Imagescited by 0
- 2026A Scalable PyTorch Abstraction for Multi-GPU Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026ACE-GS: Acing the Trade-off with Accurate, Compact and Efficient 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026TemporalGS: Training-Free Plug-and-Play Acceleration for 3D Gaussian Splatting Rendering via Temporal Priorscited by 0
- 2026Geometry and Gradient-based Partitioning for Panoramic Outdoor Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026HiCo-GS: Hierarchical Context Aggregation and Geometric Consistency for Octree Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026VDGS: Visibility-Driven Large-Scale 3D Gaussian Splatting for Aerial Scene Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026TopoGS: Topology-Aware Anchor Feature Aggregation for Large-Scale 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
- 2026Federated 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction at Wireless Edge26 Sep 2026
- 2026VDGS: Visibility-Driven Large-Scale 3D Gaussian Splatting for Aerial Scene Reconstruction19 Sep 2026
- 2026TopoGS: Topology-Aware Anchor Feature Aggregation for Large-Scale 3D Gaussian Splatting20 Aug 2026
- 2026HiCo-GS: Hierarchical Context Aggregation and Geometric Consistency for Octree Gaussian Splatting14 Aug 2026
- 2026Geometry and Gradient-based Partitioning for Panoramic Outdoor Reconstruction9 Jul 2026
- 2026City-Level 3D Surface Reconstruction with Viewpoint Orientation Partitioning and Scene Completion4 Jul 2026
- 2026TemporalGS: Training-Free Plug-and-Play Acceleration for 3D Gaussian Splatting Rendering via Temporal Priors3 Jul 2026
- 2026Signal Structure-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction2 Jul 2026
- 2026ACE-GS: Acing the Trade-off with Accurate, Compact and Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting19 Jun 2026
- 2026Splaxel: Efficient Distributed Training of 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale Scene Reconstruction via Pixel-level Communication17 Jun 2026
- 2026A Scalable PyTorch Abstraction for Multi-GPU Gaussian Splatting9 Jun 2026
- 2026City-Mesh3R: Simulation-Ready City-Scale 3D Mesh Reconstruction from Multi-View Images28 May 2026
38 more
- 2026TideGS: Scalable Training of Over One Billion 3D Gaussian Splatting Primitives via Out-of-Core Optimization19 May 2026
- 2026FreeScale: Scaling 3D Scenes via Certainty-Aware Free-View Generation12 Apr 2026
- 2026FilterGS: Traversal-Free Parallel Filtering and Adaptive Shrinking for Large-Scale LoD 3D Gaussian Splatting25 Mar 2026
- 2026SwiftGS: Episodic Priors for Immediate Satellite Surface Recovery19 Mar 2026
- 2026UrbanGS: A Scalable and Efficient Architecture for Geometrically Accurate Large-Scene Reconstruction2 Feb 2026
- 2025From Orbit to Ground: Generative City Photogrammetry from Extreme Off-Nadir Satellite Images8 Dec 2025
- 2025CLM: Removing the GPU Memory Barrier for 3D Gaussian Splatting7 Nov 2025
- 2025Skyfall-GS: Synthesizing Immersive 3D Urban Scenes from Satellite Imagery17 Oct 2025
- 2025BalanceGS: Algorithm-System Co-design for Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting Training on GPU16 Oct 2025
- 2025PrismGS: Physically-Grounded Anti-Aliasing for High-Fidelity Large-Scale 3D Gaussian Splatting9 Oct 2025
- 2025LoBE-GS: Load-Balanced and Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction2 Oct 2025
- 2025A-TDOM: Active TDOM via On-the-Fly 3DGS16 Sep 2025
- 2025GS-Occ3D: Scaling Vision-only Occupancy Reconstruction with Gaussian Splatting25 Jul 2025
- 2025FlexGaussian: Flexible and Cost-Effective Training-Free Compression for 3D Gaussian Splatting9 Jul 2025
- 20253D Gaussian Splatting for Fine-Detailed Surface Reconstruction in Large-Scale Scene21 Jun 2025
- 2025Micro-macro Gaussian Splatting with Enhanced Scalability for Unconstrained Scene Reconstruction16 Jun 2025
- 2025TraGraph-GS: Trajectory Graph-based Gaussian Splatting for Arbitrary Large-Scale Scene Rendering10 Jun 2025
- 2025Holistic Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction via Mixed Gaussian Splatting29 May 2025
- 2025CityGo: Lightweight Urban Modeling and Rendering with Proxy Buildings and Residual Gaussians27 May 2025
- 2025SplatCo: Structure-View Collaborative Gaussian Splatting for Detail-Preserving Rendering of Large-Scale Unbounded Scenes23 May 2025
- 2025EA-3DGS: Efficient and Adaptive 3D Gaussians with Highly Enhanced Quality for outdoor scenes16 May 2025
- 2025Learning Heterogeneous Mixture of Scene Experts for Large-scale Neural Radiance Fields4 May 2025
- 2025BlockGaussian: Efficient Large-Scale Scene Novel View Synthesis via Adaptive Block-Based Gaussian Splatting12 Apr 2025
- 2025CityGS-X: A Scalable Architecture for Efficient and Geometrically Accurate Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction29 Mar 2025
- 2025DashGaussian: Optimizing 3D Gaussian Splatting in 200 Seconds24 Mar 2025
- 2025OccluGaussian: Occlusion-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Large Scene Reconstruction and Rendering20 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning-based 3D Reconstruction in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Survey17 Mar 2025
- 2025Gaussian On-the-Fly Splatting: A Progressive Framework for Robust Near Real-Time 3DGS Optimization17 Mar 2025
- 2024CoSurfGS:Collaborative 3D Surface Gaussian Splatting with Distributed Learning for Large Scene Reconstruction23 Dec 2024
- 2024Balanced 3DGS: Gaussian-wise Parallelism Rendering with Fine-Grained Tiling23 Dec 2024
- 2024Momentum-GS: Momentum Gaussian Self-Distillation for High-Quality Large Scene Reconstruction6 Dec 2024
- 2024Horizon-GS: Unified 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Aerial-to-Ground Scenes2 Dec 2024
- 2024Tortho-Gaussian: Splatting True Digital Orthophoto Maps29 Nov 2024
- 2024ZeroGS: Training 3D Gaussian Splatting from Unposed Images24 Nov 2024
- 2024DGTR: Distributed Gaussian Turbo-Reconstruction for Sparse-View Vast Scenes19 Nov 2024
- 2024CityGaussianV2: Efficient and Geometrically Accurate Reconstruction for Large-Scale Scenes1 Nov 2024
- 2024StreetSurfGS: Scalable Urban Street Surface Reconstruction with Planar-based Gaussian Splatting6 Oct 2024
- 2024FlashGS: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale and High-resolution Rendering15 Aug 2024
50 newest of 51 All 51 (JSON)
- 2024FlashGS: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale and High-resolution Renderingcited by 88
- 2024CityGaussianV2: Efficient and Geometrically Accurate Reconstruction for Large-Scale Scenescited by 50
- 2024On Scaling Up 3D Gaussian Splatting Trainingcited by 49
- 2025DashGaussian: Optimizing 3D Gaussian Splatting in 200 Secondscited by 38
- 2024Horizon-GS: Unified 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Aerial-to-Ground Scenescited by 30
- 2025CityGS-X: A Scalable Architecture for Efficient and Geometrically Accurate Large-Scale Scene Reconstructioncited by 26
- 2024StreetSurfGS: Scalable Urban Street Surface Reconstruction with Planar-based Gaussian Splattingcited by 19
- 2025Skyfall-GS: Synthesizing Immersive 3D Urban Scenes from Satellite Imagerycited by 17
- 2024Balanced 3DGS: Gaussian-wise Parallelism Rendering with Fine-Grained Tilingcited by 12
- 2024CoSurfGS:Collaborative 3D Surface Gaussian Splatting with Distributed Learning for Large Scene Reconstructioncited by 11
- 2025FlexGaussian: Flexible and Cost-Effective Training-Free Compression for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 11
- 2025GS-Occ3D: Scaling Vision-only Occupancy Reconstruction with Gaussian Splattingcited by 11
12 most cited of 48 All 48 (JSON)
- 2026Federated 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction at Wireless Edge26 Sep 2026
- 2026VDGS: Visibility-Driven Large-Scale 3D Gaussian Splatting for Aerial Scene Reconstruction19 Sep 2026
- 2026TopoGS: Topology-Aware Anchor Feature Aggregation for Large-Scale 3D Gaussian Splatting20 Aug 2026
- 2026HiCo-GS: Hierarchical Context Aggregation and Geometric Consistency for Octree Gaussian Splatting14 Aug 2026
- 2026Geometry and Gradient-based Partitioning for Panoramic Outdoor Reconstruction9 Jul 2026
- 2026City-Level 3D Surface Reconstruction with Viewpoint Orientation Partitioning and Scene Completion4 Jul 2026
- 2026TemporalGS: Training-Free Plug-and-Play Acceleration for 3D Gaussian Splatting Rendering via Temporal Priors3 Jul 2026
- 2026Signal Structure-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction2 Jul 2026
- 2026ACE-GS: Acing the Trade-off with Accurate, Compact and Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting19 Jun 2026
- 2026Splaxel: Efficient Distributed Training of 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale Scene Reconstruction via Pixel-level Communication17 Jun 2026
- 2026A Scalable PyTorch Abstraction for Multi-GPU Gaussian Splatting9 Jun 2026
- 2026City-Mesh3R: Simulation-Ready City-Scale 3D Mesh Reconstruction from Multi-View Images28 May 2026
12 newest of 48 All 48 (JSON)