mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

FreeSplat: Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting Towards Free-View Synthesis of Indoor Scenes

arXiv 2405.17958 ↗First posted 28 May 2024cs.CVcited by 89

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Abstract (arXiv)

Empowering 3D Gaussian Splatting with generalization ability is appealing. However, existing generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting methods are largely confined to narrow-range interpolation between stereo images due to their heavy backbones, thus lacking the ability to accurately localize 3D Gaussian and support free-view synthesis across wide view range. In this paper, we present a novel framework FreeSplat that is capable of reconstructing geometrically consistent 3D scenes from long sequence input towards free-view synthesis.Specifically, we firstly introduce Low-cost Cross-View Aggregation achieved by constructing adaptive cost volumes among nearby views and aggregating features using a multi-scale structure. Subsequently, we present the Pixel-wise Triplet Fusion to eliminate redundancy of 3D Gaussians in overlapping view regions and to aggregate features observed across multiple views. Additionally, we propose a simple but effective free-view training strategy that ensures robust view synthesis across broader view range regardless of the number of views. Our empirical results demonstrate state-of-the-art novel view synthesis peformances in both novel view rendered color maps quality and depth maps accuracy across different numbers of input views. We also show that FreeSplat performs inference more efficiently and can effectively reduce redundant Gaussians, offering the possibility of feed-forward large scene reconstruction without depth priors.

Key facts. Cited by 89 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 May 2024.

Builds on

45 of 52 references.

References · 45

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  3. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,139
  4. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
  5. 2019EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 6,442
  6. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
  7. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
  8. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
  9. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,032
  10. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,964
  11. 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,712
  12. 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,584
33 more
  1. 2018UNet++: A Nested U-Net Architecture for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 1,525
  2. 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 1,157
  3. 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 996
  4. 2019The Replica Dataset: A Digital Replica of Indoor Spacescited by 904
  5. 2020Convolutional Occupancy Networkscited by 761
  6. 2021MVSNeRF: Fast Generalizable Radiance Field Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 740
  7. 2023Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 737
  8. 2021IBRNet: Learning Multi-View Image-Based Renderingcited by 703
  9. 2023pixelSplat: 3D Gaussian Splats from Image Pairs for Scalable Generalizable 3D Reconstructioncited by 684
  10. 2023Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 671
  11. 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 667
  12. 2021RegNeRF: Regularizing Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis from Sparse Inputscited by 615
  13. 2021NICE-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scalable Encoding for SLAMcited by 589
  14. 2024MVSplat: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Multi-View Imagescited by 566
  15. 2022MonoSDF: Exploring Monocular Geometric Cues for Neural Implicit Surface Reconstructioncited by 470
  16. 2023Neuralangelo: High-Fidelity Neural Surface Reconstructioncited by 467
  17. 2021In-Place Scene Labelling and Understanding with Implicit Scene Representationcited by 415
  18. 2018DeepVoxels: Learning Persistent 3D Feature Embeddingscited by 405
  19. 2023SplaTAM: Splat, Track & Map 3D Gaussians for Dense RGB-D SLAMcited by 388
  20. 2023GS-SLAM: Dense Visual SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 278
  21. 2023Triplane Meets Gaussian Splatting: Fast and Generalizable Single-View 3D Reconstruction with Transformerscited by 258
  22. 2017Gate-Variants of Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) Neural Networkscited by 242
  23. 2021NeuralRecon: Real-Time Coherent 3D Reconstruction from Monocular Videocited by 241
  24. 2024Octree-GS: Towards Consistent Real-time Rendering with LOD-Structured 3D Gaussianscited by 230
  25. 2021Neural Rays for Occlusion-aware Image-based Renderingcited by 192
  26. 2023GPS-Gaussian: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-time Human Novel View Synthesiscited by 170
  27. 2024latentSplat: Autoencoding Variational Gaussians for Fast Generalizable 3D Reconstructioncited by 118
  28. 2019DPSNet: End-to-end Deep Plane Sweep Stereocited by 115
  29. 2022NeRFusion: Fusing Radiance Fields for Large-Scale Scene Reconstructioncited by 100
  30. 2022SimpleRecon: 3D Reconstruction Without 3D Convolutionscited by 83
  31. 2020DeepVideoMVS: Multi-View Stereo on Video with Recurrent Spatio-Temporal Fusioncited by 68
  32. 2021VoRTX: Volumetric 3D Reconstruction With Transformers for Voxelwise View Selection and Fusioncited by 38
  33. 2023SurfelNeRF: Neural Surfel Radiance Fields for Online Photorealistic Reconstruction of Indoor Scenescited by 30

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 8; 2025: 39; 2026: 42.

89 papers.

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  1. 2024DepthSplat: Connecting Gaussian Splatting and Depthcited by 286
  2. 2025AnySplat: Feed-forward 3D Gaussian Splatting from Unconstrained Viewscited by 243
  3. 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 78
  4. 2025DropGaussian: Structural Regularization for Sparse-view Gaussian Splattingcited by 65
  5. 2025VolSplat: Rethinking Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting with Voxel-Aligned Predictioncited by 48
  6. 2025WonderTurbo: Generating Interactive 3D World in 0.72 Secondscited by 32
  7. 2025StarGen: A Spatiotemporal Autoregression Framework with Video Diffusion Model for Scalable and Controllable Scene Generationcited by 26
  8. 2025SplatTalk: 3D VQA with Gaussian Splattingcited by 24
  9. 2025C3G: Learning Compact 3D Representations with 2K Gaussianscited by 21
  10. 2025iLRM: An Iterative Large 3D Reconstruction Modelcited by 19
  11. 2024Generative Densification: Learning to Densify Gaussians for High-Fidelity Generalizable 3D Reconstructioncited by 18
  12. 2024SLGaussian: Fast Language Gaussian Splatting in Sparse Viewscited by 18
38 more
  1. 2025MonoSplat: Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting from Monocular Depth Foundation Modelscited by 16
  2. 2024GSemSplat: Generalizable Semantic 3D Gaussian Splatting from Uncalibrated Image Pairscited by 15
  3. 2025VicaSplat: A Single Run is All You Need for 3D Gaussian Splatting and Camera Estimation from Unposed Video Framescited by 15
  4. 2025SteerX: Creating Any Camera-Free 3D and 4D Scenes with Geometric Steeringcited by 15
  5. 2025FreeSplat++: Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting for Efficient Indoor Scene Reconstructioncited by 15
  6. 2025ReSplat: Learning Recurrent Gaussian Splattingcited by 15
  7. 2025DriveGen3D: Boosting Feed-Forward Driving Scene Generation with Efficient Video Diffusioncited by 15
  8. 2024Self-Ensembling Gaussian Splatting for Few-Shot Novel View Synthesiscited by 14
  9. 2026TokenSplat: Token-aligned 3D Gaussian Splatting for Feed-forward Pose-free Reconstructioncited by 14
  10. 2025Scene Splatter: Momentum 3D Scene Generation from Single Image with Video Diffusion Modelcited by 13
  11. 2025SpatialSplat: Efficient Semantic 3D from Sparse Unposed Imagescited by 13
  12. 2025LongSplat: Online Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting from Long Sequence Imagescited by 13
  13. 2025Revisiting Depth Representations for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 12
  14. 2026GlobalSplat: Efficient Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting via Global Scene Tokenscited by 12
  15. 2025Off The Grid: Detection of Primitives for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 11
  16. 2025StreamSplat: Towards Online Dynamic 3D Reconstruction from Uncalibrated Video Streamscited by 8
  17. 2026AnchorSplat: Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting with 3D Geometric Priorscited by 8
  18. 2025MeshSplat: Generalizable Sparse-View Surface Reconstruction via Gaussian Splattingcited by 7
  19. 2025Forge4D: Feed-Forward 4D Human Reconstruction and Interpolation from Uncalibrated Sparse-view Videoscited by 7
  20. 2025X-GRM: Large Gaussian Reconstruction Model for Sparse-view X-rays to Computed Tomographycited by 6
  21. 2026ZipSplat: Fewer Gaussians, Better Splatscited by 5
  22. 2024Integrating Meshes and 3D Gaussians for Indoor Scene Reconstruction with SAM Mask Guidancecited by 4
  23. 2025H3R: Hybrid Multi-view Correspondence for Generalizable 3D Reconstructioncited by 4
  24. 2025SaLon3R: Structure-aware Long-term Generalizable 3D Reconstruction from Unposed Imagescited by 4
  25. 2025GaMO: Geometry-aware Multi-view Diffusion Outpainting for Sparse-View 3D Reconstructioncited by 4
  26. 2025G3Splat: Geometrically Consistent Generalizable Gaussian Splattingcited by 3
  27. 2026Flow4DGS-SLAM: Optical Flow-Guided 4D Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 3
  28. 2025GaussianCross: Cross-modal Self-supervised 3D Representation Learning via Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
  29. 2025Remove360: Benchmarking Residuals After Object Removal in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
  30. 2025CloseUpShot: Close-up Novel View Synthesis from Sparse-views via Point-conditioned Diffusion Modelcited by 2
  31. 2026SurfSplat: Conquering Feedforward 2D Gaussian Splatting with Surface Continuity Priorscited by 2
  32. 2026LangFlash: Feed-forward 3D Language Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Unposed Imagescited by 2
  33. 2026Learning Global Motion with Compact Gaussians for Feed-Forward 4D Reconstructioncited by 2
  34. 2024Point Cloud Unsupervised Pre-training via 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
  35. 2025Is there anything left? Measuring semantic residuals of objects removed from 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
  36. 2025Rendering Anywhere You See: Renderability Field-guided Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
  37. 2025XYZCylinder: Towards Compatible Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting for Driving Scenes via Unified Cylinder Lifting Methodcited by 1
  38. 20254D3R: Motion-Aware Neural Reconstruction and Rendering of Dynamic Scenes from Monocular Videoscited by 1

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