GS2Mesh: Surface Reconstruction from Gaussian Splatting via Novel Stereo Views
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as an efficient approach for accurately representing scenes. However, despite its superior novel view synthesis capabilities, extracting the geometry of the scene directly from the Gaussian properties remains a challenge, as those are optimized based on a photometric loss. While some concurrent models have tried adding geometric constraints during the Gaussian optimization process, they still produce noisy, unrealistic surfaces. We propose a novel approach for bridging the gap between the noisy 3DGS representation and the smooth 3D mesh representation, by injecting real-world knowledge into the depth extraction process. Instead of extracting the geometry of the scene directly from the Gaussian properties, we instead extract the geometry through a pre-trained stereo-matching model. We render stereo-aligned pairs of images corresponding to the original training poses, feed the pairs into a stereo model to get a depth profile, and finally fuse all of the profiles together to get a single mesh. The resulting reconstruction is smoother, more accurate and shows more intricate details compared to other methods for surface reconstruction from Gaussian Splatting, while only requiring a small overhead on top of the fairly short 3DGS optimization process. We performed extensive testing of the proposed method on in-the-wild scenes, obtained using a smartphone, showcasing its superior reconstruction abilities. Additionally, we tested the method on the Tanks and Temples and DTU benchmarks, achieving state-of-the-art results.
Key facts. Cited by 67 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Apr 2024.
Builds on
43 of 58 references.
References · 43
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,234
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
- 2020Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functionscited by 2,238
- 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,964
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- 20242D Gaussian Splatting for Geometrically Accurate Radiance Fieldscited by 1,076
- 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 996
- 2018MVSNet: Depth Inference for Unstructured Multi-view Stereocited by 788
- 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 667
- 2023SuGaR: Surface-Aligned Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Mesh Reconstruction and High-Quality Mesh Renderingcited by 616
- 2018Pyramid Stereo Matching Networkcited by 489
31 more
- 2023Neuralangelo: High-Fidelity Neural Surface Reconstructioncited by 467
- 2019Cascade Cost Volume for High-Resolution Multi-View Stereo and Stereo Matchingcited by 417
- 2017End-to-End Learning of Geometry and Context for Deep Stereo Regressioncited by 360
- 2021RAFT-Stereo: Multilevel Recurrent Field Transforms for Stereo Matchingcited by 353
- 20163DMatch: Learning Local Geometric Descriptors from RGB-D Reconstructionscited by 336
- 2019GA-Net: Guided Aggregation Net for End-to-end Stereo Matchingcited by 244
- 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 224
- 2023BakedSDF: Meshing Neural SDFs for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 221
- 2020PatchmatchNet: Learned Multi-View Patchmatch Stereocited by 207
- 2024GaussianPro: 3D Gaussian Splatting with Progressive Propagationcited by 200
- 2023COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 193
- 2023Iterative Geometry Encoding Volume for Stereo Matchingcited by 190
- 2023Segment Any 3D Gaussianscited by 161
- 2019Cost Volume Pyramid Based Depth Inference for Multi-View Stereocited by 154
- 2021CFNet: Cascade and Fused Cost Volume for Robust Stereo Matchingcited by 154
- 2023Multi-Scale 3D Gaussian Splatting for Anti-Aliased Renderingcited by 138
- 2023NeuSG: Neural Implicit Surface Reconstruction with 3D Gaussian Splatting Guidancecited by 138
- 2021Improving neural implicit surfaces geometry with patch warpingcited by 137
- 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 131
- 2022HF-NeuS: Improved Surface Reconstruction Using High-Frequency Detailscited by 121
- 2020Visibility-aware Multi-view Stereo Networkcited by 98
- 2020A Survey on Deep Learning Techniques for Stereo-based Depth Estimationcited by 90
- 2020Dense Hybrid Recurrent Multi-view Stereo Net with Dynamic Consistency Checkingcited by 81
- 2024GaMeS: Mesh-Based Adapting and Modification of Gaussian Splattingcited by 70
- 2022Critical Regularizations for Neural Surface Reconstruction in the Wildcited by 52
- 2022Multiview Stereo with Cascaded Epipolar RAFTcited by 51
- 2023NeRF-Supervised Deep Stereocited by 46
- 2023MobileBrick: Building LEGO for 3D Reconstruction on Mobile Devicescited by 15
- 2022An Improved RaftStereo Trained with A Mixed Dataset for the Robust Vision Challenge 2022cited by 8
- 2021Multimodal Colored Point Cloud to Image Alignmentcited by 2
- 2021Depth Refinement for Improved Stereo Reconstructioncited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 17; 2025: 26; 2026: 24.
67 papers.
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- 2024CityGaussianV2: Efficient and Geometrically Accurate Reconstruction for Large-Scale Scenescited by 50
- 2024Neural Signed Distance Function Inference through Splatting 3D Gaussians Pulled on Zero-Level Setcited by 49
- 2024Binocular-Guided 3D Gaussian Splatting with View Consistency for Sparse View Synthesiscited by 41
- 2025Vid2Sim: Realistic and Interactive Simulation from Video for Urban Navigationcited by 30
- 2024Trim 3D Gaussian Splatting for Accurate Geometry Representationcited by 28
- 2024MAtCha Gaussians: Atlas of Charts for High-Quality Geometry and Photorealism From Sparse Viewscited by 21
- 2025GeoSVR: Taming Sparse Voxels for Geometrically Accurate Surface Reconstructioncited by 17
- 2024MVG-Splatting: Multi-View Guided Gaussian Splatting with Adaptive Quantile-Based Geometric Consistency Densificationcited by 16
- 2024Self-Ensembling Gaussian Splatting for Few-Shot Novel View Synthesiscited by 14
- 2024Geometry Field Splatting with Gaussian Surfelscited by 13
- 2025GauSTAR: Gaussian Surface Tracking and Reconstructioncited by 13
- 2024Flex3D: Feed-Forward 3D Generation with Flexible Reconstruction Model and Input View Curationcited by 12
38 more
- 2025Revisiting Depth Representations for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 12
- 2025EmbodiedSplat: Personalized Real-to-Sim-to-Real Navigation with Gaussian Splats from a Mobile Devicecited by 12
- 2024MonoGSDF: Exploring Monocular Geometric Cues for Gaussian Splatting-Guided Implicit Surface Reconstructioncited by 11
- 2025QuickSplat: Fast 3D Surface Reconstruction via Learned Gaussian Initializationcited by 11
- 2024AGS-Mesh: Adaptive Gaussian Splatting and Meshing with Geometric Priors for Indoor Room Reconstruction Using Smartphonescited by 10
- 2025VTGaussian-SLAM: RGBD SLAM for Large Scale Scenes with Splatting View-Tied 3D Gaussianscited by 8
- 2024GSurf: Learning Signed Distance Fields from Splatting Opaque Gaussians for High-quality 3D Reconstructioncited by 7
- 2025VA-GS: Enhancing the Geometric Representation of Gaussian Splatting via View Alignmentcited by 6
- 2024Gaussian Building Mesh (GBM): Extract a Building's 3D Mesh with Google Earth and Gaussian Splattingcited by 4
- 2025PG-SAG: Parallel Gaussian Splatting for Fine-Grained Large-Scale Urban Buildings Reconstruction via Semantic-Aware Groupingcited by 4
- 2025Car-GS: Addressing Reflective and Transparent Surface Challenges in 3D Car Reconstructioncited by 4
- 2024Radiance Fields from Photonscited by 3
- 2026TriSplat: Simulation-Ready Feed-Forward 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2025Seeing A 3D World in A Grain of Sandcited by 2
- 2025SVRecon: Sparse Voxel Rasterization for Surface Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2026ExMesh: Explicit Mesh Reconstruction with Topology Adaptationcited by 2
- 2025Sparse2DGS: Sparse-View Surface Reconstruction using 2D Gaussian Splatting with Dense Point Cloudcited by 1
- 2025RayletDF: Raylet Distance Fields for Generalizable 3D Surface Reconstruction from Point Clouds or Gaussianscited by 1
- 2025ReCoGS: Real-time ReColoring for Gaussian Splatting scenescited by 1
- 2025PolarGS: Polarimetric Cues for Ambiguity-Free Gaussian Splatting with Accurate Geometry Recoverycited by 1
- 2026Advancing Structured Priors for Sparse-Voxel Surface Reconstructioncited by 1
- 20263D Gaussian Splatting with Self-Constrained Priors for High Fidelity Surface Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026SGAD-SLAM: Splatting Gaussians at Adjusted Depth for Better Radiance Fields in RGBD SLAMcited by 1
- 2026GTSR: Subsurface Scattering Awared 3D Gaussians for Translucent Surface Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026DRoPS: Dynamic 3D Reconstruction of Pre-Scanned Objectscited by 1
- 2026DySurface: Consistent 4D Surface Reconstruction via Bridging Explicit Gaussians and Implicit Functionscited by 1
- 2026Revisiting Photometric Ambiguity for Accurate Gaussian-Splatting Surface Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026When 3D Gaussian Splatting Recovers Real Surfacescited by 1
- 2024Haptic Repurposing with GenAIcited by 0
- 2024Object and Contact Point Tracking in Demonstrations Using 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2024Neural 4D Evolution under Large Topological Changes from 2D Imagescited by 0
- 2025Generating Synthetic Stereo Datasets using 3D Gaussian Splatting and Expert Knowledge Transfercited by 0
- 2025Enhancing non-Rigid 3D Model Deformations Using Mesh-based Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2025A Mixed-Primitive-based Gaussian Splatting Method for Surface Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2025HPR3D: Hierarchical Proxy Representation for High-Fidelity 3D Reconstruction and Controllable Editingcited by 0
- 2025A Study of the Framework and Real-World Applications of Language Embedding for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 0
- 2025ARGS: Advanced Regularization on Aligning Gaussians over the Surfacecited by 0
- 2025Improving Multi-View Reconstruction via Texture-Guided Gaussian-Mesh Joint Optimizationcited by 0
50 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)
- 2026Volume Rendering with Metric--Phase Fields for Thin Structures and Sign-Ambiguous Geometry9 Oct 2026
- 2026Sparse-GS2Mesh: 3D Gaussian Splatting Guided by Novel Stereo Views and 2DGS for Sparse View Surface Reconstruction3 Oct 2026
- 20263DROID: A Renderable 3D Gaussian Dataset with Measured Per-Scene Reliability1 Oct 2026
- 2026ControlGS: Conditioning Neural Gaussians for Downstream-Processing-Aware XR Rendering25 Sep 2026
- 2026STARS-GS: Structure-Aware Regularized Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Aerial Surface Reconstruction3 Sep 2026
- 2026Laplacian Frequency Hierarchies for Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting Training3 Sep 2026
- 2026When 3D Gaussian Splatting Recovers Real Surfaces30 Aug 2026
- 2026TopoSurfel: Closing the Loop between Gaussian Surfels and Meshes for Surface Reconstruction21 Aug 2026
- 2026Surfsvr: 2D Surface Priors as 3D Geometric Regularizers for Sparse Voxel Reconstruction12 Aug 2026
- 2026AsySplat: Efficient Asymmetric 3D Gaussian Splatting for Long-Sequence Scene Modeling13 Jul 2026
- 2026Stitched Embeddings: A Unified Latent Space for 3D Garments and 2D Patterns1 Jul 2026
- 2026FLAT: Feedforward Latent Triangle Splatting for Geometrically Accurate Scene Generation23 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026ExMesh: Explicit Mesh Reconstruction with Topology Adaptation5 Jun 2026
- 2026TriSplat: Simulation-Ready Feed-Forward 3D Scene Reconstruction25 May 2026
- 2026Revisiting Photometric Ambiguity for Accurate Gaussian-Splatting Surface Reconstruction12 May 2026
- 2026DySurface: Consistent 4D Surface Reconstruction via Bridging Explicit Gaussians and Implicit Functions11 May 2026
- 2026DRoPS: Dynamic 3D Reconstruction of Pre-Scanned Objects25 Mar 2026
- 2026GTSR: Subsurface Scattering Awared 3D Gaussians for Translucent Surface Reconstruction23 Mar 2026
- 2026SGAD-SLAM: Splatting Gaussians at Adjusted Depth for Better Radiance Fields in RGBD SLAM22 Mar 2026
- 20263D Gaussian Splatting with Self-Constrained Priors for High Fidelity Surface Reconstruction20 Mar 2026
- 2026Semantic Segmentation and Depth Estimation for Real-Time Lunar Surface Mapping Using 3D Gaussian Splatting18 Mar 2026
- 2026SwiftNDC: Fast Neural Depth Correction for High-Fidelity 3D Reconstruction26 Feb 2026
- 2026NeVStereo: A NeRF-Driven NVS-Stereo Architecture for High-Fidelity 3D Tasks5 Feb 2026
- 2026Advancing Structured Priors for Sparse-Voxel Surface Reconstruction25 Jan 2026
- 2025Beyond a Single Light: A Large-Scale Aerial Dataset for Urban Scene Reconstruction Under Varying Illumination16 Dec 2025
- 2025PolarGS: Polarimetric Cues for Ambiguity-Free Gaussian Splatting with Accurate Geometry Recovery30 Nov 2025
- 2025Asset-Driven Sematic Reconstruction of Dynamic Scene with Multi-Human-Object Interactions29 Nov 2025
- 2025ReCoGS: Real-time ReColoring for Gaussian Splatting scenes23 Nov 2025
- 2025SVRecon: Sparse Voxel Rasterization for Surface Reconstruction21 Nov 2025
- 2025Image-based Morphological Characterization of Filamentous Biological Structures with Non-constant Curvature Shape Feature9 Nov 2025
- 2025Improving Multi-View Reconstruction via Texture-Guided Gaussian-Mesh Joint Optimization6 Nov 2025
- 2025VA-GS: Enhancing the Geometric Representation of Gaussian Splatting via View Alignment13 Oct 2025
- 2025GeoSVR: Taming Sparse Voxels for Geometrically Accurate Surface Reconstruction22 Sep 2025
- 2025EmbodiedSplat: Personalized Real-to-Sim-to-Real Navigation with Gaussian Splats from a Mobile Device22 Sep 2025
- 2025ARGS: Advanced Regularization on Aligning Gaussians over the Surface29 Aug 2025
- 2025RayletDF: Raylet Distance Fields for Generalizable 3D Surface Reconstruction from Point Clouds or Gaussians13 Aug 2025
- 2025A Study of the Framework and Real-World Applications of Language Embedding for 3D Scene Understanding7 Aug 2025
- 2025HPR3D: Hierarchical Proxy Representation for High-Fidelity 3D Reconstruction and Controllable Editing16 Jul 2025
- 2025A Mixed-Primitive-based Gaussian Splatting Method for Surface Reconstruction15 Jul 2025
- 2025Enhancing non-Rigid 3D Model Deformations Using Mesh-based Gaussian Splatting9 Jul 2025
- 2025Revisiting Depth Representations for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting5 Jun 2025
- 2025Generating Synthetic Stereo Datasets using 3D Gaussian Splatting and Expert Knowledge Transfer5 Jun 2025
- 2025VTGaussian-SLAM: RGBD SLAM for Large Scale Scenes with Splatting View-Tied 3D Gaussians3 Jun 2025
- 2025Sparse2DGS: Sparse-View Surface Reconstruction using 2D Gaussian Splatting with Dense Point Cloud26 May 2025
- 2025QuickSplat: Fast 3D Surface Reconstruction via Learned Gaussian Initialization8 May 2025
- 2025Seeing A 3D World in A Grain of Sand1 Mar 2025
- 2025Car-GS: Addressing Reflective and Transparent Surface Challenges in 3D Car Reconstruction19 Jan 2025
- 2025GauSTAR: Gaussian Surface Tracking and Reconstruction17 Jan 2025
- 2025Vid2Sim: Realistic and Interactive Simulation from Video for Urban Navigation12 Jan 2025
- 2025PG-SAG: Parallel Gaussian Splatting for Fine-Grained Large-Scale Urban Buildings Reconstruction via Semantic-Aware Grouping3 Jan 2025
50 newest of 67 All 67 (JSON)
- 2024CityGaussianV2: Efficient and Geometrically Accurate Reconstruction for Large-Scale Scenescited by 50
- 2024Neural Signed Distance Function Inference through Splatting 3D Gaussians Pulled on Zero-Level Setcited by 49
- 2024Binocular-Guided 3D Gaussian Splatting with View Consistency for Sparse View Synthesiscited by 41
- 2025Vid2Sim: Realistic and Interactive Simulation from Video for Urban Navigationcited by 30
- 2024Trim 3D Gaussian Splatting for Accurate Geometry Representationcited by 28
- 2024MAtCha Gaussians: Atlas of Charts for High-Quality Geometry and Photorealism From Sparse Viewscited by 21
- 2025GeoSVR: Taming Sparse Voxels for Geometrically Accurate Surface Reconstructioncited by 17
- 2024MVG-Splatting: Multi-View Guided Gaussian Splatting with Adaptive Quantile-Based Geometric Consistency Densificationcited by 16
- 2024Self-Ensembling Gaussian Splatting for Few-Shot Novel View Synthesiscited by 14
- 2024Geometry Field Splatting with Gaussian Surfelscited by 13
- 2025GauSTAR: Gaussian Surface Tracking and Reconstructioncited by 13
- 2025Revisiting Depth Representations for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 12
12 most cited of 64 All 64 (JSON)
- 2026Volume Rendering with Metric--Phase Fields for Thin Structures and Sign-Ambiguous Geometry9 Oct 2026
- 2026Sparse-GS2Mesh: 3D Gaussian Splatting Guided by Novel Stereo Views and 2DGS for Sparse View Surface Reconstruction3 Oct 2026
- 20263DROID: A Renderable 3D Gaussian Dataset with Measured Per-Scene Reliability1 Oct 2026
- 2026ControlGS: Conditioning Neural Gaussians for Downstream-Processing-Aware XR Rendering25 Sep 2026
- 2026STARS-GS: Structure-Aware Regularized Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Aerial Surface Reconstruction3 Sep 2026
- 2026Laplacian Frequency Hierarchies for Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting Training3 Sep 2026
- 2026When 3D Gaussian Splatting Recovers Real Surfaces30 Aug 2026
- 2026TopoSurfel: Closing the Loop between Gaussian Surfels and Meshes for Surface Reconstruction21 Aug 2026
- 2026Surfsvr: 2D Surface Priors as 3D Geometric Regularizers for Sparse Voxel Reconstruction12 Aug 2026
- 2026AsySplat: Efficient Asymmetric 3D Gaussian Splatting for Long-Sequence Scene Modeling13 Jul 2026
- 2026Stitched Embeddings: A Unified Latent Space for 3D Garments and 2D Patterns1 Jul 2026
- 2026ExMesh: Explicit Mesh Reconstruction with Topology Adaptation5 Jun 2026
12 newest of 64 All 64 (JSON)