mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

VDG: Vision-Only Dynamic Gaussian for Driving Simulation

arXiv 2406.18198 ↗First posted 26 Jun 2024cs.CVcited by 16

On the map: World models → World models for autonomous driving

Abstract (arXiv)

Dynamic Gaussian splatting has led to impressive scene reconstruction and image synthesis advances in novel views. Existing methods, however, heavily rely on pre-computed poses and Gaussian initialization by Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms or expensive sensors. For the first time, this paper addresses this issue by integrating self-supervised VO into our pose-free dynamic Gaussian method (VDG) to boost pose and depth initialization and static-dynamic decomposition. Moreover, VDG can work with only RGB image input and construct dynamic scenes at a faster speed and larger scenes compared with the pose-free dynamic view-synthesis method. We demonstrate the robustness of our approach via extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments. Our results show favorable performance over the state-of-the-art dynamic view synthesis methods. Additional video and source code will be posted on our project page at https://3d-aigc.github.io/VDG.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in World models for autonomous driving, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 37 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jun 2024.

Builds on

37 of 46 references.

References · 37

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
  2. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
  3. 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
  4. 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,451
  5. 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,465
  6. 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,232
  7. 2021Depth-supervised NeRF: Fewer Views and Faster Training for Freecited by 735
  8. 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 667
  9. 2021BARF: Bundle-Adjusting Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 642
  10. 2023SplaTAM: Splat, Track & Map 3D Gaussians for Dense RGB-D SLAMcited by 388
  11. 2020INeRF: Inverting Neural Radiance Fields for Pose Estimationcited by 382
  12. 2023DrivingGaussian: Composite Gaussian Splatting for Surrounding Dynamic Autonomous Driving Scenescited by 360
25 more
  1. 2023ReconFusion: 3D Reconstruction with Diffusion Priorscited by 318
  2. 2023GS-SLAM: Dense Visual SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 278
  3. 2022Panoptic Neural Fields: A Semantic Object-Aware Neural Scene Representationcited by 243
  4. 2022NoPe-NeRF: Optimising Neural Radiance Field with No Pose Priorcited by 235
  5. 2023EmerNeRF: Emergent Spatial-Temporal Scene Decomposition via Self-Supervisioncited by 217
  6. 2023Robust Dynamic Radiance Fieldscited by 194
  7. 2023COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 193
  8. 2023MARS: An Instance-aware, Modular and Realistic Simulator for Autonomous Drivingcited by 170
  9. 2023SUDS: Scalable Urban Dynamic Scenescited by 151
  10. 2023Periodic Vibration Gaussian: Dynamic Urban Scene Reconstruction and Real-time Renderingcited by 143
  11. 2022D2NeRF: Self-Supervised Decoupling of Dynamic and Static Objects from a Monocular Videocited by 137
  12. 2023StreetSurf: Extending Multi-view Implicit Surface Reconstruction to Street Viewscited by 120
  13. 2023Progressively Optimized Local Radiance Fields for Robust View Synthesiscited by 103
  14. 2022GARF: Gaussian Activated Radiance Fields for High Fidelity Reconstruction and Pose Estimationcited by 86
  15. 2021VISTA 2.0: An Open, Data-driven Simulator for Multimodal Sensing and Policy Learning for Autonomous Vehiclescited by 81
  16. 2024CG-SLAM: Efficient Dense RGB-D SLAM in a Consistent Uncertainty-aware 3D Gaussian Fieldcited by 61
  17. 2023DBARF: Deep Bundle-Adjusting Generalizable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 60
  18. 2023Renderable Neural Radiance Map for Visual Navigationcited by 51
  19. 2019AADS: Augmented Autonomous Driving Simulation using Data-driven Algorithmscited by 39
  20. 2023Dynamo-Depth: Fixing Unsupervised Depth Estimation for Dynamical Scenescited by 20
  21. 2021Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation via Alternative Self-Dual Teachingcited by 19
  22. 2024HO-Gaussian: Hybrid Optimization of 3D Gaussian Splatting for Urban Scenescited by 16
  23. 2023MapNeRF: Incorporating Map Priors into Neural Radiance Fields for Driving View Simulationcited by 15
  24. 2022MonoNeRF: Learning Generalizable NeRFs from Monocular Videos without Camera Posecited by 10
  25. 2023DGNR: Density-Guided Neural Point Rendering of Large Driving Scenescited by 9

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 13; 2026: 2.

16 papers.

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By area:

  1. 20253D and 4D World Modeling: A Surveycited by 67
  2. 2025CityGS-X: A Scalable Architecture for Efficient and Geometrically Accurate Large-Scale Scene Reconstructioncited by 26
  3. 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generationcited by 19
  4. 2025GaussianFormer3D: Multi-Modal Gaussian-based Semantic Occupancy Prediction with 3D Deformable Attentioncited by 14
  5. 2024EMD: Explicit Motion Modeling for High-Quality Street Gaussian Splattingcited by 13
  6. 2025Dynamic Scene Reconstruction: Recent Advance in Real-time Rendering and Streamingcited by 9
  7. 2025Learning-based 3D Reconstruction in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 9
  8. 2025VGD: Visual Geometry Gaussian Splatting for Feed-Forward Surround-view Driving Reconstructioncited by 8
  9. 2025Seeing World Dynamics in a Nutshellcited by 7
  10. 2026ParkGaussian: Surround-view 3D Gaussian Splatting for Autonomous Parkingcited by 7
  11. 2025sshELF: Single-Shot Hierarchical Extrapolation of Latent Features for 3D Reconstruction from Sparse-Viewscited by 1
  12. 2025OCSplats: Observation Completeness Quantification and Label Noise Separation in 3DGScited by 1
4 more
  1. 2025ComplicitSplat: Downstream Models are Vulnerable to Blackbox Attacks by 3D Gaussian Splat Camouflagescited by 0
  2. 2025DriveSplat: Unified Neural Gaussian Reconstruction for Dynamic Driving Scenescited by 0
  3. 2025StereoMV2D: A Sparse Temporal Stereo-Enhanced Framework for Robust Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 0
  4. 2026SparseStreet: Sparse Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Street Scene Simulationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026ReconDrive: Fast Feed-Forward 4D Gaussian Splatting for Autonomous Driving Scene Reconstruction
  2. 2025DrivingScene: A Multi-Task Online Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting Method for Dynamic Driving Scenes
  3. 2025VDEGaussian: Video Diffusion Enhanced 4D Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Urban Scenes Modeling
  4. 2026L2D2-GS: Learning to Densify for Feedforward Dynamic Gaussian Scene Reconstruction
  5. 2025CoDa-4DGS: Dynamic Gaussian Splatting with Context and Deformation Awareness for Autonomous Driving
  6. 20244D Gaussian Splatting in the Wild with Uncertainty-Aware Regularization
  7. 2026Real2Sim: A Physics-driven and Editable Gaussian Splatting Framework for Autonomous Driving Scenes
  8. 2026Robust 4D Driving Scene Reconstruction from Imperfect Visual Priors