VR-GS: A Physical Dynamics-Aware Interactive Gaussian Splatting System in Virtual Reality
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Abstract (arXiv)
As consumer Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies gain momentum, there's a growing focus on the development of engagements with 3D virtual content. Unfortunately, traditional techniques for content creation, editing, and interaction within these virtual spaces are fraught with difficulties. They tend to be not only engineering-intensive but also require extensive expertise, which adds to the frustration and inefficiency in virtual object manipulation. Our proposed VR-GS system represents a leap forward in human-centered 3D content interaction, offering a seamless and intuitive user experience. By developing a physical dynamics-aware interactive Gaussian Splatting in a Virtual Reality setting, and constructing a highly efficient two-level embedding strategy alongside deformable body simulations, VR-GS ensures real-time execution with highly realistic dynamic responses. The components of our Virtual Reality system are designed for high efficiency and effectiveness, starting from detailed scene reconstruction and object segmentation, advancing through multi-view image in-painting, and extending to interactive physics-based editing. The system also incorporates real-time deformation embedding and dynamic shadow casting, ensuring a comprehensive and engaging virtual experience.Our project page is available at: https://yingjiang96.github.io/VR-GS/.
Key facts. Cited by 175 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 33 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Jan 2024.
Builds on
33 of 64 references.
References · 33
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
- 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,459
- 2020Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,194
- 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 990
- 2020Neural Sparse Voxel Fieldscited by 959
- 2021Resolution-robust Large Mask Inpainting with Fourier Convolutionscited by 730
- 2021UNISURF: Unifying Neural Implicit Surfaces and Radiance Fields for Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 643
- 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 539
- 2023Gaussian Grouping: Segment and Edit Anything in 3D Scenescited by 387
- 2023PhysGaussian: Physics-Integrated 3D Gaussians for Generative Dynamicscited by 368
21 more
- 2023SC-GS: Sparse-Controlled Gaussian Splatting for Editable Dynamic Scenescited by 339
- 2023GaussianEditor: Swift and Controllable 3D Editing with Gaussian Splattingcited by 331
- 2023LucidDreamer: Towards High-Fidelity Text-to-3D Generation via Interval Score Matchingcited by 290
- 2021Mixture of Volumetric Primitives for Efficient Neural Renderingcited by 277
- 2020AutoInt: Automatic Integration for Fast Neural Volume Renderingcited by 204
- 2023GaussianEditor: Editing 3D Gaussians Delicately with Text Instructionscited by 166
- 2020DeRF: Decomposed Radiance Fieldscited by 163
- 2023PAC-NeRF: Physics Augmented Continuum Neural Radiance Fields for Geometry-Agnostic System Identificationcited by 145
- 2022NeRF-Art: Text-Driven Neural Radiance Fields Stylizationcited by 126
- 2021Animatable Neural Radiance Fields from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 109
- 2023SINE: Semantic-driven Image-based NeRF Editing with Prior-guided Editing Fieldcited by 93
- 2023VR-NeRF: High-Fidelity Virtualized Walkable Spacescited by 86
- 2021FoV-NeRF: Foveated Neural Radiance Fields for Virtual Realitycited by 79
- 2021CAMPARI: Camera-Aware Decomposed Generative Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 55
- 2023PIE-NeRF: Physics-based Interactive Elastodynamics with NeRFcited by 51
- 2023DeformGS: Scene Flow in Highly Deformable Scenes for Deformable Object Manipulationcited by 42
- 2023SceneHGN: Hierarchical Graph Networks for 3D Indoor Scene Generation with Fine-Grained Geometrycited by 38
- 2022RT-NeRF: Real-Time On-Device Neural Radiance Fields Towards Immersive AR/VR Renderingcited by 35
- 2023HHAvatar: Gaussian Head Avatar with Dynamic Hairscited by 35
- 2023HybridNeRF: Efficient Neural Rendering via Adaptive Volumetric Surfacescited by 28
- 2023Magic NeRF Lens: Interactive Fusion of Neural Radiance Fields for Virtual Facility Inspectioncited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 48; 2025: 71; 2026: 56.
175 papers.
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- 2024Octree-GS: Towards Consistent Real-time Rendering with LOD-Structured 3D Gaussianscited by 225
- 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 130
- 2024FlashGS: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale and High-resolution Renderingcited by 85
- 2024GSDF: 3DGS Meets SDF for Improved Rendering and Reconstructioncited by 81
- 2024NVS-Solver: Video Diffusion Model as Zero-Shot Novel View Synthesizercited by 79
- 2025PhysTwin: Physics-Informed Reconstruction and Simulation of Deformable Objects from Videoscited by 78
- 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 77
- 2024GaMeS: Mesh-Based Adapting and Modification of Gaussian Splattingcited by 69
- 2025ArtGS: Building Interactable Replicas of Complex Articulated Objects via Gaussian Splattingcited by 67
- 2024Click-Gaussian: Interactive Segmentation to Any 3D Gaussianscited by 58
- 2024InFusion: Inpainting 3D Gaussians via Learning Depth Completion from Diffusion Priorcited by 55
- 2024PhysMotion: Physics-Grounded Dynamics From a Single Imagecited by 45
38 more
- 2024Dream to Manipulate: Compositional World Models Empowering Robot Imitation Learning with Imaginationcited by 45
- 2024DreamPhysics: Learning Physics-Based 3D Dynamics with Video Diffusion Priorscited by 40
- 2024SelfSplat: Pose-Free and 3D Prior-Free Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 40
- 2025PhysAnimator: Physics-Guided Generative Cartoon Animationcited by 40
- 2025PhysCtrl: Generative Physics for Controllable and Physics-Grounded Video Generationcited by 39
- 2025Deformable Beta Splattingcited by 38
- 2025Exploring the Evolution of Physics Cognition in Video Generation: A Surveycited by 31
- 2024Neural Material Adaptor for Visual Grounding of Intrinsic Dynamicscited by 30
- 2024Efficient Physics Simulation for 3D Scenes via MLLM-Guided Gaussian Splattingcited by 30
- 2024VR-Splatting: Foveated Radiance Field Rendering via 3D Gaussian Splatting and Neural Pointscited by 29
- 2024AutoVFX: Physically Realistic Video Editing from Natural Language Instructionscited by 27
- 2024Momentum-GS: Momentum Gaussian Self-Distillation for High-Quality Large Scene Reconstructioncited by 27
- 2025Real-to-Sim Robot Policy Evaluation with Gaussian Splatting Simulation of Soft-Body Interactionscited by 27
- 2024GASP: Gaussian Splatting for Physic-Based Simulationscited by 24
- 2025Generative Physical AI in Vision: A Surveycited by 24
- 2024Mani-GS: Gaussian Splatting Manipulation with Triangular Meshcited by 22
- 2024Gaussian Eigen Models for Human Headscited by 21
- 2025ReferSplat: Referring Segmentation in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 20
- 2024Atlas3D: Physically Constrained Self-Supporting Text-to-3D for Simulation and Fabricationcited by 19
- 2024MVGS: Multi-view Regulated Gaussian Splatting for Novel View Synthesiscited by 19
- 2024GausSurf: Geometry-Guided 3D Gaussian Splatting for Surface Reconstructioncited by 19
- 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generationcited by 19
- 2024D-MiSo: Editing Dynamic 3D Scenes using Multi-Gaussians Soupcited by 18
- 2025Vid2Sim: Generalizable, Video-based Reconstruction of Appearance, Geometry and Physics for Mesh-free Simulationcited by 18
- 2024GaussianDreamerPro: Text to Manipulable 3D Gaussians with Highly Enhanced Qualitycited by 17
- 2024Advancing Extended Reality with 3D Gaussian Splatting: Innovations and Prospectscited by 17
- 2024LangSurf: Language-Embedded Surface Gaussians for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 17
- 2025VRSplat: Fast and Robust Gaussian Splatting for Virtual Realitycited by 17
- 2025DecoupledGaussian: Object-Scene Decoupling for Physics-Based Interactioncited by 16
- 2024SurFhead: Affine Rig Blending for Geometrically Accurate 2D Gaussian Surfel Head Avatarscited by 15
- 2025VideoArtGS: Building Digital Twins of Articulated Objects from Monocular Videocited by 15
- 2025HoloScene: Simulation-Ready Interactive 3D Worlds from a Single Videocited by 13
- 2024MiraGe: Editable 2D Images using Gaussian Splattingcited by 12
- 2025TC-GS: A Faster Gaussian Splatting Module Utilizing Tensor Corescited by 12
- 2024Dynamic 2D Gaussians: Geometrically Accurate Radiance Fields for Dynamic Objectscited by 11
- 2025HAIF-GS: Hierarchical and Induced Flow-Guided Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scenecited by 11
- 2024ElastoGen: 4D Generative Elastodynamicscited by 10
- 2024Semantics-Controlled Gaussian Splatting for Outdoor Scene Reconstruction and Rendering in Virtual Realitycited by 10
50 most cited of 175 All 175 (JSON)
- 2026Robot-GST: geometry-aware spatial-temporal robot policy representation and evaluation27 Sep 2026
- 2026NeuIDO: Neural Intrinsic Dynamics Operator for Physics-Informed 4D World Models21 Sep 2026
- 2026SnapPhysics: A Physics-Aware Scene Graph from a Single View for Interactive Mixed Reality Scenes17 Sep 2026
- 2026Rethinking 3D Noise: Learning 3D-Aware Video Priors via Optimization-Free Morphological Perturbations3 Sep 2026
- 2026P-CORE: Self-Supervised Surface Consistency for Point-Based Neural Editing3 Sep 2026
- 2026LightBridge: Feed-Forward Generative Relighting for 3D Gaussian Splatting2 Sep 2026
- 2026ObjectSplat: Improving Mesh Fidelity and Interactivity for 3D Scenes via Object-Level Mesh Splatting31 Aug 2026
- 2026CapFrame: Text-Instructed Viewpoint Grounding in 3D Gaussian Scenes via Geometric Pseudo Labels31 Aug 2026
- 2026When 3D Gaussian Splatting Recovers Real Surfaces30 Aug 2026
- 2026FractureFields: Contact-Aware Binary Multi-Field Transfer for Fractured 3D Gaussian Simulation29 Aug 2026
- 2026Learning Implicit Constitutive Laws for Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting from Monocular Videos22 Aug 2026
- 2026SemanticSlider3D: Training-Free Continuous Semantic Editing for 3D Objects19 Aug 2026
38 more
- 2026LaGSplat: Inferring Physics-Governed Interactive Simulation from Monocular Video Using Latent Lagrangian Gaussian Splatting17 Aug 2026
- 2026Compact Feed-Forward 3D Gaussians via Saliency-Guided Primitive Merging11 Aug 2026
- 2026TRACE-GS: On-Policy Trajectory Distillation with Privileged Geometric Conditioning for Sparse-View 3DGS Restoration10 Aug 2026
- 2026DeGS: A Scalable 3DGS Architecture via Decoupled Workload Parsing and Reorganization3 Aug 2026
- 2026G-Skin: Learning to Bind 3D Gaussians with Generative Visual Priors3 Aug 2026
- 2026AnythingReality: Robust Online Gaussian Splatting SLAM for Open-Vocabulary VR Scene Exploration10 Jul 2026
- 2026CARLA-GS: Decoupling Representation, Reasoning, and Physics Simulation for Autonomous Driving Corner-Case Synthesis8 Jul 2026
- 2026Argus: Metric Panoramic 3D Reconstruction for Indoor Scenes29 Jun 2026
- 2026Monte Carlo Energy Aggregation for Mobile 3D Gaussian Splatting29 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning Efficient 4D Gaussian Representations from Monocular Videos with Flow Splatting29 Jun 2026
- 2026UniTriSplat: A Unified 3D Gaussian Splatting Framework with Uniform Spherical Rasterization for Universal Cameras29 Jun 2026
- 2026DR-GS: Physically-Based Deformable and Relightable 2D Gaussians28 Jun 2026
- 2026Occlusion-Robust Multi-Object Decoupling for Physics-Based Robotic Interaction28 Jun 2026
- 2026MeGAS: Thermomechanical Dynamic Gaussian Splatting for Thermophysical Scene Editing22 Jun 2026
- 2026Scene-Level Heterogeneous Physics Simulation with 3D Gaussian Splats19 Jun 2026
- 2026Splaxel: Efficient Distributed Training of 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale Scene Reconstruction via Pixel-level Communication17 Jun 2026
- 2026EgoPhys: Learning Generalizable Physics Models of Deformable Objects from Egocentric Video15 Jun 2026
- 2026TASE: Truncation-Aware Semantic Embeddings for 3D Scene Understanding and Editing2 Jun 2026
- 2026OF3GS: On-the-Fly Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting from Unposed Images2 Jun 2026
- 2026CA-World: Multi-Object Counterfactual Alignment for Efficient Interactive-Ready Reconstruction28 May 2026
- 2026FreeForm: Reduced-Order Deformable Simulation from Particle-Based Skinning Eigenmodes28 May 2026
- 2026Real2Sim: A Physics-driven and Editable Gaussian Splatting Framework for Autonomous Driving Scenes13 May 2026
- 20263DGS3: Joint Super Sampling and Frame Interpolation for Real-Time Large-Scale 3DGS Rendering12 May 2026
- 2026Fake3DGS: A Benchmark for 3D Manipulation Detection in Neural Rendering30 Apr 2026
- 2026MesonGS++: Post-training Compression of 3D Gaussian Splatting with Hyperparameter Searching29 Apr 2026
- 2026ReconPhys: Reconstruct Appearance and Physical Attributes from Single Video9 Apr 2026
- 2026ReFlow: Self-correction Motion Learning for Dynamic Scene Reconstruction2 Apr 2026
- 2026LightSplat: Fast and Memory-Efficient Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understanding in Five Seconds25 Mar 2026
- 2026AdvSplat: Adversarial Attacks on Feed-Forward Gaussian Splatting Models24 Mar 2026
- 20262Xplat: Decoupling Geometry and Appearance Modeling for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting22 Mar 2026
- 2026STAC: Plug-and-Play Spatio-Temporal Aware Cache Compression for Streaming 3D Reconstruction18 Mar 2026
- 2026NanoGS: Training-Free Gaussian Splat Simplification17 Mar 2026
- 2026HSImul3R: Physics-in-the-Loop Reconstruction of Simulation-Ready Human-Scene Interactions16 Mar 2026
- 2026S2GS: Streaming Semantic Gaussian Splatting for Online Scene Understanding and Reconstruction15 Mar 2026
- 2026Articulation in Motion: Prior-free Part Mobility Analysis for Articulated Objects By Dynamic-Static Disentanglement3 Mar 2026
- 2026Generalized non-exponential Gaussian splatting3 Mar 2026
- 2026Augmented Radiance Field: A General Framework for Enhanced Gaussian Splatting23 Feb 2026
- 2026i-PhysGaussian: Implicit Physical Simulation for 3D Gaussian Splatting19 Feb 2026
50 newest of 175 All 175 (JSON)
- 2024NVS-Solver: Video Diffusion Model as Zero-Shot Novel View Synthesizercited by 79
- 2024InFusion: Inpainting 3D Gaussians via Learning Depth Completion from Diffusion Priorcited by 55
- 2024DreamPhysics: Learning Physics-Based 3D Dynamics with Video Diffusion Priorscited by 40
- 2025PhysCtrl: Generative Physics for Controllable and Physics-Grounded Video Generationcited by 39
- 2025Exploring the Evolution of Physics Cognition in Video Generation: A Surveycited by 31
- 2024Atlas3D: Physically Constrained Self-Supporting Text-to-3D for Simulation and Fabricationcited by 19
- 2025FixingGS: Enhancing 3D Gaussian Splatting via Training-Free Score Distillationcited by 3
- 2025Advances in Artificial Intelligence: A Review for the Creative Industriescited by 2
- 2026ReFlow: Self-correction Motion Learning for Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026TRACE-GS: On-Policy Trajectory Distillation with Privileged Geometric Conditioning for Sparse-View 3DGS Restorationcited by 0
- 2026LightBridge: Feed-Forward Generative Relighting for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026LightBridge: Feed-Forward Generative Relighting for 3D Gaussian Splatting2 Sep 2026
- 2026TRACE-GS: On-Policy Trajectory Distillation with Privileged Geometric Conditioning for Sparse-View 3DGS Restoration10 Aug 2026
- 2026ReFlow: Self-correction Motion Learning for Dynamic Scene Reconstruction2 Apr 2026
- 2025PhysCtrl: Generative Physics for Controllable and Physics-Grounded Video Generation24 Sep 2025
- 2025FixingGS: Enhancing 3D Gaussian Splatting via Training-Free Score Distillation23 Sep 2025
- 2025Exploring the Evolution of Physics Cognition in Video Generation: A Survey27 Mar 2025
- 2025Advances in Artificial Intelligence: A Review for the Creative Industries6 Jan 2025
- 2024DreamPhysics: Learning Physics-Based 3D Dynamics with Video Diffusion Priors3 Jun 2024
- 2024Atlas3D: Physically Constrained Self-Supporting Text-to-3D for Simulation and Fabrication28 May 2024
- 2024NVS-Solver: Video Diffusion Model as Zero-Shot Novel View Synthesizer24 May 2024
- 2024InFusion: Inpainting 3D Gaussians via Learning Depth Completion from Diffusion Prior17 Apr 2024
- 2024Dream to Manipulate: Compositional World Models Empowering Robot Imitation Learning with Imaginationcited by 45
- 2025PhysWorld: From Real Videos to World Models of Deformable Objects via Physics-Aware Demonstration Synthesiscited by 9
- 2025From 2D to 3D Cognition: A Brief Survey of General World Modelscited by 4
- 2026CARLA-GS: Decoupling Representation, Reasoning, and Physics Simulation for Autonomous Driving Corner-Case Synthesiscited by 1
- 2026NeuIDO: Neural Intrinsic Dynamics Operator for Physics-Informed 4D World Modelscited by 0
- 2026NeuIDO: Neural Intrinsic Dynamics Operator for Physics-Informed 4D World Models21 Sep 2026
- 2026CARLA-GS: Decoupling Representation, Reasoning, and Physics Simulation for Autonomous Driving Corner-Case Synthesis8 Jul 2026
- 2025PhysWorld: From Real Videos to World Models of Deformable Objects via Physics-Aware Demonstration Synthesis24 Oct 2025
- 2025From 2D to 3D Cognition: A Brief Survey of General World Models25 Jun 2025
- 2024Dream to Manipulate: Compositional World Models Empowering Robot Imitation Learning with Imagination19 Dec 2024
- 2024Octree-GS: Towards Consistent Real-time Rendering with LOD-Structured 3D Gaussianscited by 225
- 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 130
- 2024FlashGS: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale and High-resolution Renderingcited by 85
- 2024GSDF: 3DGS Meets SDF for Improved Rendering and Reconstructioncited by 81
- 2025PhysTwin: Physics-Informed Reconstruction and Simulation of Deformable Objects from Videoscited by 78
- 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 77
- 2024GaMeS: Mesh-Based Adapting and Modification of Gaussian Splattingcited by 69
- 2025ArtGS: Building Interactable Replicas of Complex Articulated Objects via Gaussian Splattingcited by 67
- 2024Click-Gaussian: Interactive Segmentation to Any 3D Gaussianscited by 58
- 2024PhysMotion: Physics-Grounded Dynamics From a Single Imagecited by 45
- 2024SelfSplat: Pose-Free and 3D Prior-Free Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 40
- 2025PhysAnimator: Physics-Guided Generative Cartoon Animationcited by 40
12 most cited of 157 All 157 (JSON)
- 2026Robot-GST: geometry-aware spatial-temporal robot policy representation and evaluation27 Sep 2026
- 2026SnapPhysics: A Physics-Aware Scene Graph from a Single View for Interactive Mixed Reality Scenes17 Sep 2026
- 2026Rethinking 3D Noise: Learning 3D-Aware Video Priors via Optimization-Free Morphological Perturbations3 Sep 2026
- 2026P-CORE: Self-Supervised Surface Consistency for Point-Based Neural Editing3 Sep 2026
- 2026ObjectSplat: Improving Mesh Fidelity and Interactivity for 3D Scenes via Object-Level Mesh Splatting31 Aug 2026
- 2026CapFrame: Text-Instructed Viewpoint Grounding in 3D Gaussian Scenes via Geometric Pseudo Labels31 Aug 2026
- 2026When 3D Gaussian Splatting Recovers Real Surfaces30 Aug 2026
- 2026FractureFields: Contact-Aware Binary Multi-Field Transfer for Fractured 3D Gaussian Simulation29 Aug 2026
- 2026Learning Implicit Constitutive Laws for Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting from Monocular Videos22 Aug 2026
- 2026SemanticSlider3D: Training-Free Continuous Semantic Editing for 3D Objects19 Aug 2026
- 2026LaGSplat: Inferring Physics-Governed Interactive Simulation from Monocular Video Using Latent Lagrangian Gaussian Splatting17 Aug 2026
- 2026Compact Feed-Forward 3D Gaussians via Saliency-Guided Primitive Merging11 Aug 2026
12 newest of 157 All 157 (JSON)