mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

SALD: Sign Agnostic Learning with Derivatives

arXiv 2006.05400 ↗First posted 9 Jun 2020cs.CV cs.GR cs.LGcited by 115

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Abstract (arXiv)

Learning 3D geometry directly from raw data, such as point clouds, triangle soups, or unoriented meshes is still a challenging task that feeds many downstream computer vision and graphics applications. In this paper, we introduce SALD: a method for learning implicit neural representations of shapes directly from raw data. We generalize sign agnostic learning (SAL) to include derivatives: given an unsigned distance function to the input raw data, we advocate a novel sign agnostic regression loss, incorporating both pointwise values and gradients of the unsigned distance function. Optimizing this loss leads to a signed implicit function solution, the zero level set of which is a high quality and valid manifold approximation to the input 3D data. The motivation behind SALD is that incorporating derivatives in a regression loss leads to a lower sample complexity, and consequently better fitting. In addition, we prove that SAL enjoys a minimal length property in 2D, favoring minimal length solutions. More importantly, we are able to show that this property still holds for SALD, i.e., with derivatives included. We demonstrate the efficacy of SALD for shape space learning on two challenging datasets: ShapeNet that contains inconsistent orientation and non-manifold meshes, and D-Faust that contains raw 3D scans (triangle soups). On both these datasets, we present state-of-the-art results.

Key facts. Cited by 115 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Jun 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 22; 2022: 35; 2023: 22; 2024: 21; 2025: 11; 2026: 4.

115 papers.

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  1. 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 540
  2. 2022From data to functa: Your data point is a function and you can treat it like onecited by 187
  3. 2022iSDF: Real-Time Neural Signed Distance Fields for Robot Perceptioncited by 109
  4. 2021LEAP: Learning Articulated Occupancy of Peoplecited by 107
  5. 2022POCO: Point Convolution for Surface Reconstructioncited by 92
  6. 2021Generative Models as Distributions of Functionscited by 89
  7. 2021DiGS : Divergence guided shape implicit neural representation for unoriented point cloudscited by 77
  8. 2021MeshUDF: Fast and Differentiable Meshing of Unsigned Distance Field Networkscited by 76
  9. 2022Dual Octree Graph Networks for Learning Adaptive Volumetric Shape Representationscited by 71
  10. 2022ALSO: Automotive Lidar Self-supervision by Occupancy estimationcited by 68
  11. 2022LISA: Learning Implicit Shape and Appearance of Handscited by 63
  12. 2022Reconstructing Surfaces for Sparse Point Clouds with On-Surface Priorscited by 60
38 more
  1. 2021SA-ConvONet: Sign-Agnostic Optimization of Convolutional Occupancy Networkscited by 59
  2. 2021Neural Fields as Learnable Kernels for 3D Reconstructioncited by 58
  3. 2022Surface Reconstruction from Point Clouds by Learning Predictive Context Priorscited by 54
  4. 2022CAP-UDF: Learning Unsigned Distance Functions Progressively from Raw Point Clouds with Consistency-Aware Field Optimizationcited by 47
  5. 2022GIFS: Neural Implicit Function for General Shape Representationcited by 45
  6. 2022Surface Reconstruction from Point Clouds: A Survey and a Benchmarkcited by 41
  7. 2022DrapeNet: Garment Generation and Self-Supervised Drapingcited by 41
  8. 2021Deep Implicit Surface Point Prediction Networkscited by 40
  9. 2023Towards Better Gradient Consistency for Neural Signed Distance Functions via Level Set Alignmentcited by 39
  10. 2021Phase Transitions, Distance Functions, and Implicit Neural Representationscited by 38
  11. 2021Learning Anchored Unsigned Distance Functions with Gradient Direction Alignment for Single-view Garment Reconstructioncited by 36
  12. 2023Learning a More Continuous Zero Level Set in Unsigned Distance Fields through Level Set Projectioncited by 36
  13. 2021Neural Surface Mapscited by 34
  14. 2022GenSDF: Two-Stage Learning of Generalizable Signed Distance Functionscited by 30
  15. 2023Unsupervised Inference of Signed Distance Functions from Single Sparse Point Clouds without Learning Priorscited by 28
  16. 2022Facial Geometric Detail Recovery via Implicit Representationcited by 27
  17. 2023Learning Signed Distance Functions from Noisy 3D Point Clouds via Noise to Noise Mappingcited by 27
  18. 2022Few 'Zero Level Set'-Shot Learning of Shape Signed Distance Functions in Feature Spacecited by 22
  19. 2023StEik: Stabilizing the Optimization of Neural Signed Distance Functions and Finer Shape Representationcited by 22
  20. 2021Spline Positional Encoding for Learning 3D Implicit Signed Distance Fieldscited by 21
  21. 2022Latent Partition Implicit with Surface Codes for 3D Representationcited by 21
  22. 2022Neural Correspondence Field for Object Pose Estimationcited by 21
  23. 2023VisCo Grids: Surface Reconstruction with Viscosity and Coarea Gridscited by 20
  24. 2021Augmenting Implicit Neural Shape Representations with Explicit Deformation Fieldscited by 19
  25. 2021Frame Averaging for Equivariant Shape Space Learningcited by 19
  26. 20223D Equivariant Graph Implicit Functionscited by 18
  27. 2022NeuForm: Adaptive Overfitting for Neural Shape Editingcited by 18
  28. 2021NeeDrop: Self-supervised Shape Representation from Sparse Point Clouds using Needle Droppingcited by 16
  29. 2022Regularized Deep Signed Distance Fields for Reactive Motion Generationcited by 16
  30. 2022RangeUDF: Semantic Surface Reconstruction from 3D Point Cloudscited by 16
  31. 2024Unsupervised Occupancy Learning from Sparse Point Cloudcited by 15
  32. 2024Fast Learning of Signed Distance Functions from Noisy Point Clouds via Noise to Noise Mappingcited by 15
  33. 2021Neural-IMLS: Self-supervised Implicit Moving Least-Squares Network for Surface Reconstructioncited by 13
  34. 2023Mixing-Denoising Generalizable Occupancy Networkscited by 12
  35. 2024Geometry-Informed Neural Networkscited by 12
  36. 2022Spelunking the Deep: Guaranteed Queries on General Neural Implicit Surfaces via Range Analysiscited by 11
  37. 2023GenCorres: Consistent Shape Matching via Coupled Implicit-Explicit Shape Generative Modelscited by 11
  38. 2023GridPull: Towards Scalability in Learning Implicit Representations from 3D Point Cloudscited by 11

50 most cited of 115 All 115 (JSON)