Stable View Synthesis
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present Stable View Synthesis (SVS). Given a set of source images depicting a scene from freely distributed viewpoints, SVS synthesizes new views of the scene. The method operates on a geometric scaffold computed via structure-from-motion and multi-view stereo. Each point on this 3D scaffold is associated with view rays and corresponding feature vectors that encode the appearance of this point in the input images. The core of SVS is view-dependent on-surface feature aggregation, in which directional feature vectors at each 3D point are processed to produce a new feature vector for a ray that maps this point into the new target view. The target view is then rendered by a convolutional network from a tensor of features synthesized in this way for all pixels. The method is composed of differentiable modules and is trained end-to-end. It supports spatially-varying view-dependent importance weighting and feature transformation of source images at each point; spatial and temporal stability due to the smooth dependence of on-surface feature aggregation on the target view; and synthesis of view-dependent effects such as specular reflection. Experimental results demonstrate that SVS outperforms state-of-the-art view synthesis methods both quantitatively and qualitatively on three diverse real-world datasets, achieving unprecedented levels of realism in free-viewpoint video of challenging large-scale scenes. Code is available at https://github.com/intel-isl/StableViewSynthesis
Key facts. Cited by 165 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 Nov 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 33; 2022: 45; 2023: 50; 2024: 25; 2025: 9; 2026: 3.
165 papers.
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- 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,032
- 2022Block-NeRF: Scalable Large Scene Neural View Synthesiscited by 724
- 2021KiloNeRF: Speeding up Neural Radiance Fields with Thousands of Tiny MLPscited by 673
- 2021BARF: Bundle-Adjusting Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 642
- 2023SuGaR: Surface-Aligned Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Mesh Reconstruction and High-Quality Mesh Renderingcited by 616
- 2021FastNeRF: High-Fidelity Neural Rendering at 200FPScited by 511
- 2021Mega-NeRF: Scalable Construction of Large-Scale NeRFs for Virtual Fly-Throughscited by 398
- 2021NeRF in the Dark: High Dynamic Range View Synthesis from Noisy Raw Imagescited by 336
- 2023UniSim: A Neural Closed-Loop Sensor Simulatorcited by 297
- 2023Generative Novel View Synthesis with 3D-Aware Diffusion Modelscited by 274
- 2022NoPe-NeRF: Optimising Neural Radiance Field with No Pose Priorcited by 235
- 2022DynIBaR: Neural Dynamic Image-Based Renderingcited by 224
38 more
- 2023BakedSDF: Meshing Neural SDFs for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 221
- 2023MERF: Memory-Efficient Radiance Fields for Real-time View Synthesis in Unbounded Scenescited by 218
- 2022NeRF-Editing: Geometry Editing of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 217
- 2024A Hierarchical 3D Gaussian Representation for Real-Time Rendering of Very Large Datasetscited by 216
- 2024Taming 3DGS: High-Quality Radiance Fields with Limited Resourcescited by 204
- 2023Robust Dynamic Radiance Fieldscited by 194
- 2023COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 193
- 2021Neural Rays for Occlusion-aware Image-based Renderingcited by 192
- 2021NerfingMVS: Guided Optimization of Neural Radiance Fields for Indoor Multi-view Stereocited by 192
- 2021Point-Based Neural Rendering with Per-View Optimizationcited by 190
- 2023HyperReel: High-Fidelity 6-DoF Video with Ray-Conditioned Samplingcited by 174
- 2023GPS-Gaussian: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-time Human Novel View Synthesiscited by 170
- 2021NeRF--: Neural Radiance Fields Without Known Camera Parameterscited by 155
- 2022NeuMesh: Learning Disentangled Neural Mesh-based Implicit Field for Geometry and Texture Editingcited by 142
- 2022StylizedNeRF: Consistent 3D Scene Stylization as Stylized NeRF via 2D-3D Mutual Learningcited by 140
- 20243D Gaussian Ray Tracing: Fast Tracing of Particle Scenescited by 139
- 2021Unconstrained Scene Generation with Locally Conditioned Radiance Fieldscited by 130
- 2021Hallucinated Neural Radiance Fields in the Wildcited by 130
- 2022RigNeRF: Fully Controllable Neural 3D Portraitscited by 126
- 2022Neural 3D Scene Reconstruction with the Manhattan-world Assumptioncited by 123
- 2021NeRFReN: Neural Radiance Fields with Reflectionscited by 122
- 2022Generalizable Patch-Based Neural Renderingcited by 122
- 2021HumanNeRF: Efficiently Generated Human Radiance Field from Sparse Inputscited by 112
- 2021Light Field Neural Renderingcited by 108
- 2021Stylizing 3D Scene via Implicit Representation and HyperNetworkcited by 103
- 2021Geometry-Free View Synthesis: Transformers and no 3D Priorscited by 100
- 2021NeRF-SR: High-Quality Neural Radiance Fields using Supersamplingcited by 95
- 2021ShaRF: Shape-conditioned Radiance Fields from a Single Viewcited by 92
- 2021Neural Trajectory Fields for Dynamic Novel View Synthesiscited by 86
- 2023Neural Point Catacaustics for Novel-View Synthesis of Reflectionscited by 82
- 2024NVS-Solver: Video Diffusion Model as Zero-Shot Novel View Synthesizercited by 79
- 2021Learning to Stylize Novel Viewscited by 76
- 2024Fully Explicit Dynamic Gaussian Splattingcited by 76
- 2021Enhancing Photorealism Enhancementcited by 74
- 2022ViewFormer: NeRF-free Neural Rendering from Few Images Using Transformerscited by 70
- 2023Adaptive Shells for Efficient Neural Radiance Field Renderingcited by 69
- 2023Forward Flow for Novel View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenescited by 68
- 2024Advances in 3D Generation: A Surveycited by 63
50 most cited of 165 All 165 (JSON)
- 2026InceptionGS: Generative Bootstrapping for Large-Scale Gaussian Splatting under Unstructured View Sampling2 Sep 2026
- 2026NeuMesh++: Towards Versatile and Efficient Volumetric Editing with Disentangled Neural Mesh-based Implicit Field17 Jun 2026
- 2026Global-Aware Edge Prioritization for Pose Graph Initialization25 Feb 2026
- 2025Sharp Monocular View Synthesis in Less Than a Second11 Dec 2025
- 2025Long-LRM++: Preserving Fine Details in Feed-Forward Wide-Coverage Reconstruction11 Dec 2025
- 2025SurfFill: Completion of LiDAR Point Clouds via Gaussian Surfel Splatting2 Dec 2025
- 2025Inverse Image-Based Rendering for Light Field Generation from Single Images23 Oct 2025
- 2025LongSplat: Robust Unposed 3D Gaussian Splatting for Casual Long Videos19 Aug 2025
- 2025PCR-GS: COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting via Pose Co-Regularizations18 Jul 2025
- 2025Multiview Geometric Regularization of Gaussian Splatting for Accurate Radiance Fields16 Jun 2025
- 2025TrackGS: Optimizing COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting with Global Track Constraints27 Feb 2025
- 2025Laser: Efficient Language-Guided Segmentation in Neural Radiance Fields31 Jan 2025
38 more
- 2024Deformable Radial Kernel Splatting16 Dec 2024
- 2024RoDyGS: Robust Dynamic Gaussian Splatting for Casual Videos4 Dec 2024
- 2024Gaussians on their Way: Wasserstein-Constrained 4D Gaussian Splatting with State-Space Modeling30 Nov 2024
- 2024GPS-Gaussian+: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Human-Scene Rendering from Sparse Views18 Nov 2024
- 2024Fully Explicit Dynamic Gaussian Splatting21 Oct 2024
- 2024G3R: Gradient Guided Generalizable Reconstruction28 Sep 2024
- 2024Self-Evolving Depth-Supervised 3D Gaussian Splatting from Rendered Stereo Pairs11 Sep 2024
- 2024Correspondence-Guided SfM-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting for NVS16 Aug 2024
- 2024NGP-RT: Fusing Multi-Level Hash Features with Lightweight Attention for Real-Time Novel View Synthesis15 Jul 2024
- 20243D Gaussian Ray Tracing: Fast Tracing of Particle Scenes9 Jul 2024
- 2024Lightweight Predictive 3D Gaussian Splats27 Jun 2024
- 2024Taming 3DGS: High-Quality Radiance Fields with Limited Resources21 Jun 2024
- 2024A Hierarchical 3D Gaussian Representation for Real-Time Rendering of Very Large Datasets17 Jun 2024
- 2024D-NPC: Dynamic Neural Point Clouds for Non-Rigid View Synthesis from Monocular Video14 Jun 2024
- 2024ExtraNeRF: Visibility-Aware View Extrapolation of Neural Radiance Fields with Diffusion Models10 Jun 2024
- 2024Dynamic 3D Gaussian Fields for Urban Areas5 Jun 2024
- 2024NVS-Solver: Video Diffusion Model as Zero-Shot Novel View Synthesizer24 May 2024
- 2024Tele-Aloha: A Low-budget and High-authenticity Telepresence System Using Sparse RGB Cameras23 May 2024
- 2024Diffusion Time-step Curriculum for One Image to 3D Generation6 Apr 2024
- 2024Multi-Level Neural Scene Graphs for Dynamic Urban Environments29 Mar 2024
- 2024Gaussian Frosting: Editable Complex Radiance Fields with Real-Time Rendering21 Mar 2024
- 2024CMC: Few-shot Novel View Synthesis via Cross-view Multiplane Consistency26 Feb 2024
- 2024Binary Opacity Grids: Capturing Fine Geometric Detail for Mesh-Based View Synthesis19 Feb 2024
- 2024Advances in 3D Generation: A Survey31 Jan 2024
- 2024TRIPS: Trilinear Point Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering11 Jan 2024
- 2023UniSDF: Unifying Neural Representations for High-Fidelity 3D Reconstruction of Complex Scenes with Reflections20 Dec 2023
- 2023Reducing Shape-Radiance Ambiguity in Radiance Fields with a Closed-Form Color Estimation Method20 Dec 2023
- 2023Global Latent Neural Rendering13 Dec 2023
- 2023COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting12 Dec 2023
- 2023HybridNeRF: Efficient Neural Rendering via Adaptive Volumetric Surfaces5 Dec 2023
- 2023GPS-Gaussian: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-time Human Novel View Synthesis4 Dec 2023
- 2023ViVid-1-to-3: Novel View Synthesis with Video Diffusion Models3 Dec 2023
- 2023Volumetric Rendering with Baked Quadrature Fields2 Dec 2023
- 2023LiveNVS: Neural View Synthesis on Live RGB-D Streams28 Nov 2023
- 2023SuGaR: Surface-Aligned Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Mesh Reconstruction and High-Quality Mesh Rendering21 Nov 2023
- 2023Adaptive Shells for Efficient Neural Radiance Field Rendering16 Nov 2023
- 2023Real-Time Neural Rasterization for Large Scenes9 Nov 2023
- 2023VET: Visual Error Tomography for Point Cloud Completion and High-Quality Neural Rendering8 Nov 2023
50 newest of 165 All 165 (JSON)
- 2023Generative Novel View Synthesis with 3D-Aware Diffusion Modelscited by 274
- 2024NVS-Solver: Video Diffusion Model as Zero-Shot Novel View Synthesizercited by 79
- 2023ViVid-1-to-3: Novel View Synthesis with Video Diffusion Modelscited by 58
- 2023DreamSparse: Escaping from Plato's Cave with 2D Frozen Diffusion Model Given Sparse Viewscited by 31
- 2024ExtraNeRF: Visibility-Aware View Extrapolation of Neural Radiance Fields with Diffusion Modelscited by 12
- 2024ExtraNeRF: Visibility-Aware View Extrapolation of Neural Radiance Fields with Diffusion Models10 Jun 2024
- 2024NVS-Solver: Video Diffusion Model as Zero-Shot Novel View Synthesizer24 May 2024
- 2023ViVid-1-to-3: Novel View Synthesis with Video Diffusion Models3 Dec 2023
- 2023DreamSparse: Escaping from Plato's Cave with 2D Frozen Diffusion Model Given Sparse Views6 Jun 2023
- 2023Generative Novel View Synthesis with 3D-Aware Diffusion Models5 Apr 2023
- 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,032
- 2022Block-NeRF: Scalable Large Scene Neural View Synthesiscited by 724
- 2021KiloNeRF: Speeding up Neural Radiance Fields with Thousands of Tiny MLPscited by 673
- 2021BARF: Bundle-Adjusting Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 642
- 2023SuGaR: Surface-Aligned Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Mesh Reconstruction and High-Quality Mesh Renderingcited by 616
- 2021FastNeRF: High-Fidelity Neural Rendering at 200FPScited by 511
- 2021Mega-NeRF: Scalable Construction of Large-Scale NeRFs for Virtual Fly-Throughscited by 398
- 2021NeRF in the Dark: High Dynamic Range View Synthesis from Noisy Raw Imagescited by 336
- 2023UniSim: A Neural Closed-Loop Sensor Simulatorcited by 297
- 2022NoPe-NeRF: Optimising Neural Radiance Field with No Pose Priorcited by 235
- 2022DynIBaR: Neural Dynamic Image-Based Renderingcited by 224
- 2023BakedSDF: Meshing Neural SDFs for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 221
12 most cited of 157 All 157 (JSON)
- 2026InceptionGS: Generative Bootstrapping for Large-Scale Gaussian Splatting under Unstructured View Sampling2 Sep 2026
- 2026NeuMesh++: Towards Versatile and Efficient Volumetric Editing with Disentangled Neural Mesh-based Implicit Field17 Jun 2026
- 2026Global-Aware Edge Prioritization for Pose Graph Initialization25 Feb 2026
- 2025Sharp Monocular View Synthesis in Less Than a Second11 Dec 2025
- 2025Long-LRM++: Preserving Fine Details in Feed-Forward Wide-Coverage Reconstruction11 Dec 2025
- 2025SurfFill: Completion of LiDAR Point Clouds via Gaussian Surfel Splatting2 Dec 2025
- 2025Inverse Image-Based Rendering for Light Field Generation from Single Images23 Oct 2025
- 2025LongSplat: Robust Unposed 3D Gaussian Splatting for Casual Long Videos19 Aug 2025
- 2025PCR-GS: COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting via Pose Co-Regularizations18 Jul 2025
- 2025Multiview Geometric Regularization of Gaussian Splatting for Accurate Radiance Fields16 Jun 2025
- 2025TrackGS: Optimizing COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting with Global Track Constraints27 Feb 2025
- 2024Deformable Radial Kernel Splatting16 Dec 2024
12 newest of 157 All 157 (JSON)