MS-GS: Multi-Appearance Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wild
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
In-the-wild photo collections often contain limited volumes of imagery and exhibit multiple appearances, e.g., taken at different times of day or seasons, posing significant challenges to scene reconstruction and novel view synthesis. Although recent adaptations of Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) and 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) have improved in these areas, they tend to oversmooth and are prone to overfitting. In this paper, we present MS-GS, a novel framework designed with Multi-appearance capabilities in Sparse-view scenarios using 3DGS. To address the lack of support due to sparse initializations, our approach is built on the geometric priors elicited from monocular depth estimations. The key lies in extracting and utilizing local semantic regions with a Structure-from-Motion (SfM) points anchored algorithm for reliable alignment and geometry cues. Then, to introduce multi-view constraints, we propose a series of geometry-guided supervision steps at virtual views in pixel and feature levels to encourage 3D consistency and reduce overfitting. We also introduce a dataset and an in-the-wild experiment setting to set up more realistic benchmarks. We demonstrate that MS-GS achieves photorealistic renderings under various challenging sparse-view and multi-appearance conditions, and outperforms existing approaches significantly across different datasets.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Sep 2025.
Builds on
44 of 54 references.
References · 44
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,364
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,234
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,974
- 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,403
- 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,968
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
- 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,032
- 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,584
- 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,567
- 2019Towards Robust Monocular Depth Estimation: Mixing Datasets for Zero-shot Cross-dataset Transfercited by 1,495
32 more
- 2024Depth Anything V2cited by 1,422
- 2017SuperPoint: Self-Supervised Interest Point Detection and Descriptioncited by 1,320
- 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,232
- 2022Reproducible scaling laws for contrastive language-image learningcited by 1,173
- 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 983
- 2020Image Quality Assessment: Unifying Structure and Texture Similaritycited by 811
- 2021Depth-supervised NeRF: Fewer Views and Faster Training for Freecited by 735
- 2021RegNeRF: Regularizing Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis from Sparse Inputscited by 615
- 2023Nerfstudio: A Modular Framework for Neural Radiance Field Developmentcited by 600
- 2018From Coarse to Fine: Robust Hierarchical Localization at Large Scalecited by 559
- 2021Putting NeRF on a Diet: Semantically Consistent Few-Shot View Synthesiscited by 464
- 2023DreamSim: Learning New Dimensions of Human Visual Similarity using Synthetic Datacited by 337
- 2023Repurposing Diffusion-Based Image Generators for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 327
- 2023FreeNeRF: Improving Few-shot Neural Rendering with Free Frequency Regularizationcited by 311
- 2023RoMa: Robust Dense Feature Matchingcited by 302
- 2023FSGS: Real-Time Few-shot View Synthesis using Gaussian Splattingcited by 279
- 2024DNGaussian: Optimizing Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Radiance Fields with Global-Local Depth Normalizationcited by 256
- 2023SparseNeRF: Distilling Depth Ranking for Few-shot Novel View Synthesiscited by 247
- 2021InfoNeRF: Ray Entropy Minimization for Few-Shot Neural Volume Renderingcited by 182
- 2023Depth-Regularized Optimization for 3D Gaussian Splatting in Few-Shot Imagescited by 173
- 2024WildGaussians: 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 152
- 2022ARF: Artistic Radiance Fieldscited by 147
- 2023SparseGS: Sparse View Synthesis using 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 134
- 2021Hallucinated Neural Radiance Fields in the Wildcited by 130
- 2024Gaussian in the Wild: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Unconstrained Image Collectionscited by 117
- 2024Wild-GS: Real-Time Novel View Synthesis from Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 56
- 2023Cross-Ray Neural Radiance Fields for Novel-view Synthesis from Unconstrained Image Collectionscited by 54
- 2022Ref-NPR: Reference-Based Non-Photorealistic Radiance Fields for Controllable Scene Stylizationcited by 35
- 2024A Construct-Optimize Approach to Sparse View Synthesis without Camera Posecited by 25
- 2024Geometry Field Splatting with Gaussian Surfelscited by 13
- 2024Reference-based Controllable Scene Stylization with Gaussian Splattingcited by 12
- 2024SPARS3R: Semantic Prior Alignment and Regularization for Sparse 3D Reconstructioncited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.
5 papers.
- 2026EnerGS: Energy-Based Gaussian Splatting with Partial Geometric Priorscited by 2
- 2026Generalizable Sparse-View 3D Reconstruction from Unconstrained Imagescited by 1
- 2026Wrivinder: Towards Spatial Intelligence for Geo-locating Ground Images onto Satellite Imagerycited by 0
- 2026Difix3D-W: Distractor-Free Few-Shot 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 0
- 2026OPERA: Object Perception Enhances Single-view 3D Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026OPERA: Object Perception Enhances Single-view 3D Reconstruction21 Jul 2026
- 2026Generalizable Sparse-View 3D Reconstruction from Unconstrained Images30 Apr 2026
- 2026Difix3D-W: Distractor-Free Few-Shot 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wild30 Apr 2026
- 2026EnerGS: Energy-Based Gaussian Splatting with Partial Geometric Priors29 Apr 2026
- 2026Wrivinder: Towards Spatial Intelligence for Geo-locating Ground Images onto Satellite Imagery16 Feb 2026