From Coarse to Fine: Learnable Discrete Wavelet Transforms for Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting
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Abstract (arXiv)
3D Gaussian Splatting has emerged as a powerful approach in novel view synthesis, delivering rapid training and rendering but at the cost of an ever-growing set of Gaussian primitives that strains memory and bandwidth. We introduce AutoOpti3DGS, a training-time framework that automatically restrains Gaussian proliferation without sacrificing visual fidelity. The key idea is to feed the input images to a sequence of learnable Forward and Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transforms, where low-pass filters are kept fixed, high-pass filters are learnable and initialized to zero, and an auxiliary orthogonality loss gradually activates fine frequencies. This wavelet-driven, coarse-to-fine process delays the formation of redundant fine Gaussians, allowing 3DGS to capture global structure first and refine detail only when necessary. Through extensive experiments, AutoOpti3DGS requires just a single filter learning-rate hyper-parameter, integrates seamlessly with existing efficient 3DGS frameworks, and consistently produces sparser scene representations more compatible with memory or storage-constrained hardware.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Jun 2025.
Builds on
35 of 42 references.
References · 35
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- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
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- 2024Mini-Splatting: Representing Scenes with a Constrained Number of Gaussianscited by 213
- 2023Language Embedded 3D Gaussians for Open-Vocabulary Scene Understandingcited by 208
23 more
- 2024Taming 3DGS: High-Quality Radiance Fields with Limited Resourcescited by 204
- 2024WildGaussians: 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 152
- 2024Reducing the Memory Footprint of 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 133
- 2024textitS3Gaussian: Self-Supervised Street Gaussians for Autonomous Drivingcited by 105
- 2024Per-Gaussian Embedding-Based Deformation for Deformable 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 104
- 2025RAD: Training an End-to-End Driving Policy via Large-Scale 3DGS-based Reinforcement Learningcited by 79
- 2024R2-Gaussian: Rectifying Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Tomographic Reconstructioncited by 67
- 2025DropGaussian: Structural Regularization for Sparse-view Gaussian Splattingcited by 65
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- 2022Masked Wavelet Representation for Compact Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 57
- 2021WaveCNet: Wavelet Integrated CNNs to Suppress Aliasing Effect for Noise-Robust Image Classificationcited by 29
- 2024VR-Splatting: Foveated Radiance Field Rendering via 3D Gaussian Splatting and Neural Pointscited by 29
- 2023WaveNeRF: Wavelet-based Generalizable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 24
- 2023Efficient Multi-scale Network with Learnable Discrete Wavelet Transform for Blind Motion Deblurringcited by 24
- 2025VRSplat: Fast and Robust Gaussian Splatting for Virtual Realitycited by 17
- 2025Micro-macro Wavelet-based Gaussian Splatting for 3D Reconstruction from Unconstrained Imagescited by 10
- 2025DynaGSLAM: Real-Time Gaussian-Splatting SLAM for Online Rendering, Tracking, Motion Predictions of Moving Objects in Dynamic Scenescited by 10
- 2024TriNeRFLet: A Wavelet Based Triplane NeRF Representationcited by 8
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- 2025DWTNeRF: Boosting Few-shot Neural Radiance Fields via Discrete Wavelet Transformcited by 6
- 2024SplatSDF: Boosting SDF-NeRF via Architecture-Level Fusion with Gaussian Splatscited by 5
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- 2021Learnable Discrete Wavelet Pooling (LDW-Pooling) For Convolutional Networkscited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 4.
6 papers.
- 2025DWTGS: Rethinking Frequency Regularization for Sparse-view 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2025WaveletGaussian: Wavelet-domain Diffusion for Sparse-view 3D Gaussian Object Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2026GR-Diffusion: 3D Gaussian Representation Meets Diffusion in Whole-Body PET Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026Speech2Grasp: Data-Efficient Transfer of Text-Conditioned Grasp Detection to Speech in Humanoid Robotscited by 0
- 2026Laplacian Frequency Hierarchies for Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting Trainingcited by 0
- 2026What Builds the Scene? Luminance Dominates Geometry Formation in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026What Builds the Scene? Luminance Dominates Geometry Formation in 3D Gaussian Splatting30 Sep 2026
- 2026Laplacian Frequency Hierarchies for Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting Training3 Sep 2026
- 2026Speech2Grasp: Data-Efficient Transfer of Text-Conditioned Grasp Detection to Speech in Humanoid Robots29 Jul 2026
- 2026GR-Diffusion: 3D Gaussian Representation Meets Diffusion in Whole-Body PET Reconstruction12 Feb 2026
- 2025WaveletGaussian: Wavelet-domain Diffusion for Sparse-view 3D Gaussian Object Reconstruction23 Sep 2025
- 2025DWTGS: Rethinking Frequency Regularization for Sparse-view 3D Gaussian Splatting21 Jul 2025