mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

NerfBaselines: Consistent and Reproducible Evaluation of Novel View Synthesis Methods

arXiv 2406.17345 ↗First posted 25 Jun 2024cs.CVcited by 24

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Abstract (arXiv)

Novel view synthesis is an important problem with many applications, including AR/VR, gaming, and robotic simulations. With the recent rapid development of Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) and 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) methods, it is becoming difficult to keep track of the current state of the art (SoTA) due to methods using different evaluation protocols, codebases being difficult to install and use, and methods not generalizing well to novel 3D scenes. In our experiments, we show that even tiny differences in the evaluation protocols of various methods can artificially boost the performance of these methods. This raises questions about the validity of quantitative comparisons performed in the literature. To address these questions, we propose NerfBaselines, an evaluation framework which provides consistent benchmarking tools, ensures reproducibility, and simplifies the installation and use of various methods. We validate our implementation experimentally by reproducing the numbers reported in the original papers. For improved accessibility, we release a web platform that compares commonly used methods on standard benchmarks. We strongly believe NerfBaselines is a valuable contribution to the community as it ensures that quantitative results are comparable and thus truly measure progress in the field of novel view synthesis.

Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 60 of its 82 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Jun 2024.

Builds on

60 of 82 references.

References · 60

  1. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  2. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  3. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
  4. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
  5. 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusioncited by 3,006
  6. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
  7. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,957
  8. 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,701
  9. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,607
  10. 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,574
  11. 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,459
  12. 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,275
38 more
  1. 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,230
  2. 2020Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,194
  3. 20242D Gaussian Splatting for Geometrically Accurate Radiance Fieldscited by 1,061
  4. 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 990
  5. 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 961
  6. 2020NeRF++: Analyzing and Improving Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 857
  7. 2023K-Planes: Explicit Radiance Fields in Space, Time, and Appearancecited by 742
  8. 2021MVSNeRF: Fast Generalizable Radiance Field Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 735
  9. 2023Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 731
  10. 2023Scaffold-GS: Structured 3D Gaussians for View-Adaptive Renderingcited by 684
  11. 2019Local Light Field Fusion: Practical View Synthesis with Prescriptive Sampling Guidelinescited by 672
  12. 2021KiloNeRF: Speeding up Neural Radiance Fields with Thousands of Tiny MLPscited by 672
  13. 2023Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 667
  14. 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 661
  15. 2023Nerfstudio: A Modular Framework for Neural Radiance Field Developmentcited by 596
  16. 2024MVSplat: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Multi-View Imagescited by 553
  17. 2023LERF: Language Embedded Radiance Fieldscited by 538
  18. 2021FastNeRF: High-Fidelity Neural Rendering at 200FPScited by 510
  19. 2022Point-NeRF: Point-based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 503
  20. 2023Instruct-NeRF2NeRF: Editing 3D Scenes with Instructionscited by 482
  21. 2023Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 410
  22. 2023PhysGaussian: Physics-Integrated 3D Gaussians for Generative Dynamicscited by 368
  23. 2023Feature 3DGS: Supercharging 3D Gaussian Splatting to Enable Distilled Feature Fieldscited by 361
  24. 2021NeRF in the Dark: High Dynamic Range View Synthesis from Noisy Raw Imagescited by 336
  25. 2022NeuS2: Fast Learning of Neural Implicit Surfaces for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 311
  26. 2022NoPe-NeRF: Optimising Neural Radiance Field with No Pose Priorcited by 235
  27. 2023MERF: Memory-Efficient Radiance Fields for Real-time View Synthesis in Unbounded Scenescited by 215
  28. 2024A Hierarchical 3D Gaussian Representation for Real-Time Rendering of Very Large Datasetscited by 214
  29. 20243D Gaussian Splatting as Markov Chain Monte Carlocited by 210
  30. 2024Taming 3DGS: High-Quality Radiance Fields with Limited Resourcescited by 198
  31. 2022NeRDi: Single-View NeRF Synthesis with Language-Guided Diffusion as General Image Priorscited by 156
  32. 2024Reducing the Memory Footprint of 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 129
  33. 2022NeRF-Art: Text-Driven Neural Radiance Fields Stylizationcited by 126
  34. 2023F2-NeRF: Fast Neural Radiance Field Training with Free Camera Trajectoriescited by 118
  35. 2024Gaussian in the Wild: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Unconstrained Image Collectionscited by 117
  36. 2024GARField: Group Anything with Radiance Fieldscited by 108
  37. 2024NeRF On-the-go: Exploiting Uncertainty for Distractor-free NeRFs in the Wildcited by 85
  38. 2024AbsGS: Recovering Fine Details for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 80

50 most cited of 60 All 60 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 11; 2026: 9.

24 papers.

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  1. 2024WildGaussians: 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 150
  2. 2024Textured Gaussians for Enhanced 3D Scene Appearance Modelingcited by 40
  3. 2025Deformable Beta Splattingcited by 38
  4. 2025Viser: Imperative, Web-based 3D Visualization in Pythoncited by 19
  5. 2025Spherical Voronoi: Directional Appearance as a Differentiable Partition of the Spherecited by 10
  6. 2025Scaling Sequence-to-Sequence Generative Neural Renderingcited by 8
  7. 2024NexusSplats: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 7
  8. 2025FastMap: Revisiting Structure from Motion through First-Order Optimizationcited by 7
  9. 2025ForestSplats: Deformable transient field for Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 6
  10. 2025Robust Neural Rendering in the Wild with Asymmetric Dual 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
  11. 2024SimVS: Simulating World Inconsistencies for Robust View Synthesiscited by 5
  12. 2025HoGS: Unified Near and Far Object Reconstruction via Homogeneous Gaussian Splattingcited by 4
12 more
  1. 2025AgriChrono: A Multi-modal Dataset Capturing Crop Growth and Lighting Variability with a Field Robotcited by 1
  2. 2025Objectness Similarity: Capturing Object-Level Fidelity in 3D Scene Evaluationcited by 1
  3. 2026PoInit-of-View: Poisoning Initialization of Views Transfers Across Multiple 3D Reconstruction Systemscited by 1
  4. 2025GSFeatLoc: Visual Localization Using Feature Correspondence on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
  5. 2026The Role of Initialization in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
  6. 2026DF3DV-1K: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Distractor-Free Novel View Synthesiscited by 0
  7. 2026Rectifying Mask via Entropy for Distractor-Free 3DGS in Ambiguous Scenarioscited by 0
  8. 2026KISS-GS: 3D Gaussian Splatting Compression Kept Simplecited by 0
  9. 2026MeshSplatBench: A Unified Benchmark for Triangle- and Mesh-Based Neural Renderingcited by 0
  10. 2026Only What Was Seen: Observation-Gram Compaction of View-Dependent Appearance in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
  11. 2026Light Field Primitive for Novel View Synthesiscited by 0
  12. 2026NRF-GS: Neural Residual Fields for Expressive and Compact Gaussian Splattingcited by 0