NerfBaselines: Consistent and Reproducible Evaluation of Novel View Synthesis Methods
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Abstract (arXiv)
Novel view synthesis is an important problem with many applications, including AR/VR, gaming, and robotic simulations. With the recent rapid development of Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) and 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) methods, it is becoming difficult to keep track of the current state of the art (SoTA) due to methods using different evaluation protocols, codebases being difficult to install and use, and methods not generalizing well to novel 3D scenes. In our experiments, we show that even tiny differences in the evaluation protocols of various methods can artificially boost the performance of these methods. This raises questions about the validity of quantitative comparisons performed in the literature. To address these questions, we propose NerfBaselines, an evaluation framework which provides consistent benchmarking tools, ensures reproducibility, and simplifies the installation and use of various methods. We validate our implementation experimentally by reproducing the numbers reported in the original papers. For improved accessibility, we release a web platform that compares commonly used methods on standard benchmarks. We strongly believe NerfBaselines is a valuable contribution to the community as it ensures that quantitative results are comparable and thus truly measure progress in the field of novel view synthesis.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 60 of its 82 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Jun 2024.
Builds on
60 of 82 references.
References · 60
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
- 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusioncited by 3,006
- 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
- 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,957
- 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,701
- 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,607
- 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,574
- 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,459
- 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,275
38 more
- 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,230
- 2020Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,194
- 20242D Gaussian Splatting for Geometrically Accurate Radiance Fieldscited by 1,061
- 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 990
- 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 961
- 2020NeRF++: Analyzing and Improving Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 857
- 2023K-Planes: Explicit Radiance Fields in Space, Time, and Appearancecited by 742
- 2021MVSNeRF: Fast Generalizable Radiance Field Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 735
- 2023Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 731
- 2023Scaffold-GS: Structured 3D Gaussians for View-Adaptive Renderingcited by 684
- 2019Local Light Field Fusion: Practical View Synthesis with Prescriptive Sampling Guidelinescited by 672
- 2021KiloNeRF: Speeding up Neural Radiance Fields with Thousands of Tiny MLPscited by 672
- 2023Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 667
- 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 661
- 2023Nerfstudio: A Modular Framework for Neural Radiance Field Developmentcited by 596
- 2024MVSplat: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Multi-View Imagescited by 553
- 2023LERF: Language Embedded Radiance Fieldscited by 538
- 2021FastNeRF: High-Fidelity Neural Rendering at 200FPScited by 510
- 2022Point-NeRF: Point-based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 503
- 2023Instruct-NeRF2NeRF: Editing 3D Scenes with Instructionscited by 482
- 2023Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 410
- 2023PhysGaussian: Physics-Integrated 3D Gaussians for Generative Dynamicscited by 368
- 2023Feature 3DGS: Supercharging 3D Gaussian Splatting to Enable Distilled Feature Fieldscited by 361
- 2021NeRF in the Dark: High Dynamic Range View Synthesis from Noisy Raw Imagescited by 336
- 2022NeuS2: Fast Learning of Neural Implicit Surfaces for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 311
- 2022NoPe-NeRF: Optimising Neural Radiance Field with No Pose Priorcited by 235
- 2023MERF: Memory-Efficient Radiance Fields for Real-time View Synthesis in Unbounded Scenescited by 215
- 2024A Hierarchical 3D Gaussian Representation for Real-Time Rendering of Very Large Datasetscited by 214
- 20243D Gaussian Splatting as Markov Chain Monte Carlocited by 210
- 2024Taming 3DGS: High-Quality Radiance Fields with Limited Resourcescited by 198
- 2022NeRDi: Single-View NeRF Synthesis with Language-Guided Diffusion as General Image Priorscited by 156
- 2024Reducing the Memory Footprint of 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 129
- 2022NeRF-Art: Text-Driven Neural Radiance Fields Stylizationcited by 126
- 2023F2-NeRF: Fast Neural Radiance Field Training with Free Camera Trajectoriescited by 118
- 2024Gaussian in the Wild: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Unconstrained Image Collectionscited by 117
- 2024GARField: Group Anything with Radiance Fieldscited by 108
- 2024NeRF On-the-go: Exploiting Uncertainty for Distractor-free NeRFs in the Wildcited by 85
- 2024AbsGS: Recovering Fine Details for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 80
50 most cited of 60 All 60 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 11; 2026: 9.
24 papers.
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- 2024WildGaussians: 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 150
- 2024Textured Gaussians for Enhanced 3D Scene Appearance Modelingcited by 40
- 2025Deformable Beta Splattingcited by 38
- 2025Viser: Imperative, Web-based 3D Visualization in Pythoncited by 19
- 2025Spherical Voronoi: Directional Appearance as a Differentiable Partition of the Spherecited by 10
- 2025Scaling Sequence-to-Sequence Generative Neural Renderingcited by 8
- 2024NexusSplats: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 7
- 2025FastMap: Revisiting Structure from Motion through First-Order Optimizationcited by 7
- 2025ForestSplats: Deformable transient field for Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 6
- 2025Robust Neural Rendering in the Wild with Asymmetric Dual 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2024SimVS: Simulating World Inconsistencies for Robust View Synthesiscited by 5
- 2025HoGS: Unified Near and Far Object Reconstruction via Homogeneous Gaussian Splattingcited by 4
12 more
- 2025AgriChrono: A Multi-modal Dataset Capturing Crop Growth and Lighting Variability with a Field Robotcited by 1
- 2025Objectness Similarity: Capturing Object-Level Fidelity in 3D Scene Evaluationcited by 1
- 2026PoInit-of-View: Poisoning Initialization of Views Transfers Across Multiple 3D Reconstruction Systemscited by 1
- 2025GSFeatLoc: Visual Localization Using Feature Correspondence on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026The Role of Initialization in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026DF3DV-1K: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Distractor-Free Novel View Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026Rectifying Mask via Entropy for Distractor-Free 3DGS in Ambiguous Scenarioscited by 0
- 2026KISS-GS: 3D Gaussian Splatting Compression Kept Simplecited by 0
- 2026MeshSplatBench: A Unified Benchmark for Triangle- and Mesh-Based Neural Renderingcited by 0
- 2026Only What Was Seen: Observation-Gram Compaction of View-Dependent Appearance in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026Light Field Primitive for Novel View Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026NRF-GS: Neural Residual Fields for Expressive and Compact Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026NRF-GS: Neural Residual Fields for Expressive and Compact Gaussian Splatting29 Sep 2026
- 2026Light Field Primitive for Novel View Synthesis25 Sep 2026
- 2026Only What Was Seen: Observation-Gram Compaction of View-Dependent Appearance in 3D Gaussian Splatting24 Sep 2026
- 2026MeshSplatBench: A Unified Benchmark for Triangle- and Mesh-Based Neural Rendering1 Sep 2026
- 2026KISS-GS: 3D Gaussian Splatting Compression Kept Simple27 Aug 2026
- 2026Rectifying Mask via Entropy for Distractor-Free 3DGS in Ambiguous Scenarios28 Jun 2026
- 2026PoInit-of-View: Poisoning Initialization of Views Transfers Across Multiple 3D Reconstruction Systems17 Apr 2026
- 2026DF3DV-1K: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Distractor-Free Novel View Synthesis15 Apr 2026
- 2026The Role of Initialization in 3D Gaussian Splatting21 Mar 2026
- 2025Spherical Voronoi: Directional Appearance as a Differentiable Partition of the Sphere16 Dec 2025
- 2025Scaling Sequence-to-Sequence Generative Neural Rendering5 Oct 2025
- 2025Objectness Similarity: Capturing Object-Level Fidelity in 3D Scene Evaluation11 Sep 2025
12 more
- 2025AgriChrono: A Multi-modal Dataset Capturing Crop Growth and Lighting Variability with a Field Robot26 Aug 2025
- 2025Viser: Imperative, Web-based 3D Visualization in Python30 Jul 2025
- 2025Robust Neural Rendering in the Wild with Asymmetric Dual 3D Gaussian Splatting4 Jun 2025
- 2025FastMap: Revisiting Structure from Motion through First-Order Optimization7 May 2025
- 2025GSFeatLoc: Visual Localization Using Feature Correspondence on 3D Gaussian Splatting29 Apr 2025
- 2025HoGS: Unified Near and Far Object Reconstruction via Homogeneous Gaussian Splatting25 Mar 2025
- 2025ForestSplats: Deformable transient field for Gaussian Splatting in the Wild8 Mar 2025
- 2025Deformable Beta Splatting27 Jan 2025
- 2024SimVS: Simulating World Inconsistencies for Robust View Synthesis10 Dec 2024
- 2024Textured Gaussians for Enhanced 3D Scene Appearance Modeling27 Nov 2024
- 2024NexusSplats: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wild21 Nov 2024
- 2024WildGaussians: 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wild11 Jul 2024
- 2024WildGaussians: 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 150
- 2024Textured Gaussians for Enhanced 3D Scene Appearance Modelingcited by 40
- 2025Deformable Beta Splattingcited by 38
- 2025Viser: Imperative, Web-based 3D Visualization in Pythoncited by 19
- 2025Spherical Voronoi: Directional Appearance as a Differentiable Partition of the Spherecited by 10
- 2025Scaling Sequence-to-Sequence Generative Neural Renderingcited by 8
- 2024NexusSplats: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 7
- 2025FastMap: Revisiting Structure from Motion through First-Order Optimizationcited by 7
- 2025ForestSplats: Deformable transient field for Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 6
- 2025Robust Neural Rendering in the Wild with Asymmetric Dual 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2024SimVS: Simulating World Inconsistencies for Robust View Synthesiscited by 5
- 2025HoGS: Unified Near and Far Object Reconstruction via Homogeneous Gaussian Splattingcited by 4
12 most cited of 24 All 24 (JSON)
- 2026NRF-GS: Neural Residual Fields for Expressive and Compact Gaussian Splatting29 Sep 2026
- 2026Light Field Primitive for Novel View Synthesis25 Sep 2026
- 2026Only What Was Seen: Observation-Gram Compaction of View-Dependent Appearance in 3D Gaussian Splatting24 Sep 2026
- 2026MeshSplatBench: A Unified Benchmark for Triangle- and Mesh-Based Neural Rendering1 Sep 2026
- 2026KISS-GS: 3D Gaussian Splatting Compression Kept Simple27 Aug 2026
- 2026Rectifying Mask via Entropy for Distractor-Free 3DGS in Ambiguous Scenarios28 Jun 2026
- 2026PoInit-of-View: Poisoning Initialization of Views Transfers Across Multiple 3D Reconstruction Systems17 Apr 2026
- 2026DF3DV-1K: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Distractor-Free Novel View Synthesis15 Apr 2026
- 2026The Role of Initialization in 3D Gaussian Splatting21 Mar 2026
- 2025Spherical Voronoi: Directional Appearance as a Differentiable Partition of the Sphere16 Dec 2025
- 2025Scaling Sequence-to-Sequence Generative Neural Rendering5 Oct 2025
- 2025Objectness Similarity: Capturing Object-Level Fidelity in 3D Scene Evaluation11 Sep 2025
12 newest of 24 All 24 (JSON)