Forward Flow for Novel View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenes
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper proposes a neural radiance field (NeRF) approach for novel view synthesis of dynamic scenes using forward warping. Existing methods often adopt a static NeRF to represent the canonical space, and render dynamic images at other time steps by mapping the sampled 3D points back to the canonical space with the learned backward flow field. However, this backward flow field is non-smooth and discontinuous, which is difficult to be fitted by commonly used smooth motion models. To address this problem, we propose to estimate the forward flow field and directly warp the canonical radiance field to other time steps. Such forward flow field is smooth and continuous within the object region, which benefits the motion model learning. To achieve this goal, we represent the canonical radiance field with voxel grids to enable efficient forward warping, and propose a differentiable warping process, including an average splatting operation and an inpaint network, to resolve the many-to-one and one-to-many mapping issues. Thorough experiments show that our method outperforms existing methods in both novel view rendering and motion modeling, demonstrating the effectiveness of our forward flow motion modeling. Project page: https://npucvr.github.io/ForwardFlowDNeRF
Key facts. Cited by 68 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 50 of its 67 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Sep 2023.
Builds on
50 of 67 references.
References · 50
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
- 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,964
- 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,613
- 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,584
- 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,465
- 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,232
- 2020Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,198
- 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 964
- 2020Neural Sparse Voxel Fieldscited by 959
- 2021PlenOctrees for Real-time Rendering of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 905
- 2020NeRF++: Analyzing and Improving Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 861
38 more
- 2020Neural Scene Flow Fields for Space-Time View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenescited by 751
- 2021MVSNeRF: Fast Generalizable Radiance Field Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 740
- 2022Block-NeRF: Scalable Large Scene Neural View Synthesiscited by 724
- 2021IBRNet: Learning Multi-View Image-Based Renderingcited by 703
- 2019Differentiable Volumetric Rendering: Learning Implicit 3D Representations without 3D Supervisioncited by 700
- 2021KiloNeRF: Speeding up Neural Radiance Fields with Thousands of Tiny MLPscited by 673
- 2021RegNeRF: Regularizing Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis from Sparse Inputscited by 615
- 2020NeRV: Neural Reflectance and Visibility Fields for Relighting and View Synthesiscited by 496
- 2020Non-Rigid Neural Radiance Fields: Reconstruction and Novel View Synthesis of a Dynamic Scene From Monocular Videocited by 471
- 2020NeRD: Neural Reflectance Decomposition from Image Collectionscited by 449
- 2021Dynamic View Synthesis from Dynamic Monocular Videocited by 420
- 2020Space-time Neural Irradiance Fields for Free-Viewpoint Videocited by 414
- 2021Advances in Neural Renderingcited by 365
- 2022Fast Dynamic Radiance Fields with Time-Aware Neural Voxelscited by 346
- 2019Neural Point-Based Graphicscited by 327
- 2020Softmax Splatting for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 279
- 2020State of the Art on Neural Renderingcited by 278
- 2021Mixture of Volumetric Primitives for Efficient Neural Renderingcited by 277
- 2020Neural Radiance Flow for 4D View Synthesis and Video Processingcited by 270
- 2021Urban Radiance Fieldscited by 263
- 2021DONeRF: Towards Real-Time Rendering of Compact Neural Radiance Fields using Depth Oracle Networkscited by 232
- 2020Free View Synthesiscited by 231
- 2021BungeeNeRF: Progressive Neural Radiance Field for Extreme Multi-scale Scene Renderingcited by 229
- 2021SNARF: Differentiable Forward Skinning for Animating Non-Rigid Neural Implicit Shapescited by 221
- 2020AutoInt: Automatic Integration for Fast Neural Volume Renderingcited by 204
- 2015DeepStereo: Learning to Predict New Views from the World's Imagerycited by 185
- 2020GRF: Learning a General Radiance Field for 3D Representation and Renderingcited by 183
- 2020Novel View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenes with Globally Coherent Depths from a Monocular Cameracited by 166
- 2020Stable View Synthesiscited by 165
- 2020DeRF: Decomposed Radiance Fieldscited by 163
- 2016Learning-Based View Synthesis for Light Field Camerascited by 145
- 2022DeVRF: Fast Deformable Voxel Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 103
- 2018Extreme View Synthesiscited by 94
- 2021Neural Trajectory Fields for Dynamic Novel View Synthesiscited by 86
- 2021TermiNeRF: Ray Termination Prediction for Efficient Neural Renderingcited by 70
- 2022V4d: voxel for 4d novel view synthesiscited by 43
- 2022Neural Deformable Voxel Grid for Fast Optimization of Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 43
- 2022S3-NeRF: Neural Reflectance Field from Shading and Shadow under a Single Viewpointcited by 30
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 20; 2025: 28; 2026: 13.
68 papers.
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- 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 1,157
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- 2024TalkingGaussian: Structure-Persistent 3D Talking Head Synthesis via Gaussian Splattingcited by 60
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- 2024MoDGS: Dynamic Gaussian Splatting from Casually-captured Monocular Videos with Depth Priorscited by 51
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- 2023DeformGS: Scene Flow in Highly Deformable Scenes for Deformable Object Manipulationcited by 42
- 2024Gaussian Splashing: Unified Particles for Versatile Motion Synthesis and Renderingcited by 37
38 more
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- 2025MoDec-GS: Global-to-Local Motion Decomposition and Temporal Interval Adjustment for Compact Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 30
- 2024Recent Trends in 3D Reconstruction of General Non-Rigid Scenescited by 28
- 2024DN-4DGS: Denoised Deformable Network with Temporal-Spatial Aggregation for Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 28
- 2025CoDa-4DGS: Dynamic Gaussian Splatting with Context and Deformation Awareness for Autonomous Drivingcited by 25
- 2024SpectroMotion: Dynamic 3D Reconstruction of Specular Scenescited by 24
- 2024MVGS: Multi-view Regulated Gaussian Splatting for Novel View Synthesiscited by 20
- 2024D-MiSo: Editing Dynamic 3D Scenes using Multi-Gaussians Soupcited by 18
- 20257DGS: Unified Spatial-Temporal-Angular Gaussian Splattingcited by 18
- 2024Improving Physics-Augmented Continuum Neural Radiance Field-Based Geometry-Agnostic System Identification with Lagrangian Particle Optimizationcited by 16
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- 2025Efficient Gaussian Splatting for Monocular Dynamic Scene Rendering via Sparse Time-Variant Attribute Modelingcited by 12
- 2025UniPhy: Learning a Unified Constitutive Model for Inverse Physics Simulationcited by 12
- 2024Factorized Motion Fields for Fast Sparse Input Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 11
- 2024KFD-NeRF: Rethinking Dynamic NeRF with Kalman Filtercited by 11
- 2025HAIF-GS: Hierarchical and Induced Flow-Guided Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scenecited by 11
- 2025Light4GS: Lightweight Compact 4D Gaussian Splatting Generation via Context Modelcited by 8
- 2025DASH: 4D Hash Encoding with Self-Supervised Decomposition for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 8
- 2025PanoSplatt3R: Leveraging Perspective Pretraining for Generalized Unposed Wide-Baseline Panorama Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2023Dynamic Appearance Particle Neural Radiance Fieldcited by 6
- 2024IE-NeRF: Inpainting Enhanced Neural Radiance Fields in the Wildcited by 6
- 2025Video4DGen: Enhancing Video and 4D Generation through Mutual Optimizationcited by 5
- 2025Advances in Radiance Field for Dynamic Scene: From Neural Field to Gaussian Fieldcited by 5
- 2025Affine-Equivariant Kernel Space Encoding for NeRF Editingcited by 4
- 2025LOD-GS: Level-of-Detail-Sensitive 3D Gaussian Splatting for Detail Conserved Anti-Aliasingcited by 3
- 2025DEGS: Deformable Event-based 3D Gaussian Splatting from RGB and Event Streamcited by 3
- 2023TivNe-SLAM: Dynamic Mapping and Tracking via Time-Varying Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2
- 2025Scale-GS: Efficient Scalable Gaussian Splatting via Redundancy-filtering Training on Streaming Contentcited by 2
- 2025Color3D: Controllable and Consistent 3D Colorization with Personalized Colorizercited by 2
- 2025Mono4DGS-HDR: High Dynamic Range 4D Gaussian Splatting from Alternating-exposure Monocular Videoscited by 2
- 2025StreamSTGS: Streaming Spatial and Temporal Gaussian Grids for Real-Time Free-Viewpoint Videocited by 2
- 2026SplatWeaver: Learning to Allocate Gaussian Primitives for Generalizable Novel View Synthesiscited by 2
- 2025From Tokens to Nodes: Semantic-Guided Motion Control for Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
- 2025Interaction-Aware 4D Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Hand-Object Interaction Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2025AirGS: Real-Time 4D Gaussian Streaming for Free-Viewpoint Video Experiencescited by 1
- 2026SV-GS: Sparse View 4D Reconstruction with Skeleton-Driven Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
- 2026DySurface: Consistent 4D Surface Reconstruction via Bridging Explicit Gaussians and Implicit Functionscited by 1
50 most cited of 68 All 68 (JSON)
- 2026ProDyGS: Dynamic Gaussian Splatting from a Single Static Monocular Camera26 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Alias-Free 4D Gaussian Representations with Motion-Aware Filtering22 Aug 2026
- 2026LaGSplat: Inferring Physics-Governed Interactive Simulation from Monocular Video Using Latent Lagrangian Gaussian Splatting17 Aug 2026
- 2026Struct-GStream: Towards Efficient Free-Viewpoint Video Streaming at Low-Bitrates with Structured 3D Gaussians2 Aug 2026
- 20264DHumanDiff: Direct Text-to-4DGS Generation for Consistent 360-Degree Dynamic Humans30 Jul 2026
- 2026On the Design of Mixture-of-Experts for Dynamic Gaussian Splatting9 Jul 2026
- 2026DLGStream: Dynamic Language-embedded Guassian Splatting for Open-vocabulary Enabled Free-viewpoint Video Streaming27 Jun 2026
- 2026DySurface: Consistent 4D Surface Reconstruction via Bridging Explicit Gaussians and Implicit Functions11 May 2026
- 2026PaMoSplat: Part-Aware Motion-Guided Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scene Reconstruction11 May 2026
- 2026SplatWeaver: Learning to Allocate Gaussian Primitives for Generalizable Novel View Synthesis8 May 2026
- 2026Fast and Robust Deformable 3D Gaussian Splatting21 Mar 2026
- 2026GS-DMSR: Dynamic Sensitive Multi-scale Manifold Enhancement for Accelerated High-Quality 3D Gaussian Splatting9 Jan 2026
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- 2025AirGS: Real-Time 4D Gaussian Streaming for Free-Viewpoint Video Experiences24 Dec 2025
- 2025HGS: Hybrid Gaussian Splatting with Static-Dynamic Decomposition for Compact Dynamic View Synthesis16 Dec 2025
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- 2025TraceFlow: Dynamic 3D Reconstruction of Specular Scenes Driven by Ray Tracing10 Dec 2025
- 2025Interaction-Aware 4D Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Hand-Object Interaction Reconstruction18 Nov 2025
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- 2025Mono4DGS-HDR: High Dynamic Range 4D Gaussian Splatting from Alternating-exposure Monocular Videos21 Oct 2025
- 2025Color3D: Controllable and Consistent 3D Colorization with Personalized Colorizer11 Oct 2025
- 2025DEGS: Deformable Event-based 3D Gaussian Splatting from RGB and Event Stream9 Oct 2025
- 2025From Tokens to Nodes: Semantic-Guided Motion Control for Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting3 Oct 2025
- 2025Scale-GS: Efficient Scalable Gaussian Splatting via Redundancy-filtering Training on Streaming Content29 Aug 2025
- 2025DriveSplat: Unified Neural Gaussian Reconstruction for Dynamic Driving Scenes21 Aug 2025
- 2025Affine-Equivariant Kernel Space Encoding for NeRF Editing4 Aug 2025
- 2025PanoSplatt3R: Leveraging Perspective Pretraining for Generalized Unposed Wide-Baseline Panorama Reconstruction29 Jul 2025
- 2025DASH: 4D Hash Encoding with Self-Supervised Decomposition for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Rendering25 Jul 2025
- 2025LOD-GS: Level-of-Detail-Sensitive 3D Gaussian Splatting for Detail Conserved Anti-Aliasing1 Jul 2025
- 2025HAIF-GS: Hierarchical and Induced Flow-Guided Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scene11 Jun 2025
- 2025CTRL-GS: Cascaded Temporal Residue Learning for 4D Gaussian Splatting23 May 2025
- 2025UniPhy: Learning a Unified Constitutive Model for Inverse Physics Simulation22 May 2025
- 2025Advances in Radiance Field for Dynamic Scene: From Neural Field to Gaussian Field15 May 2025
- 2025Video4DGen: Enhancing Video and 4D Generation through Mutual Optimization5 Apr 2025
- 2025PhysTwin: Physics-Informed Reconstruction and Simulation of Deformable Objects from Videos23 Mar 2025
- 2025Instant Gaussian Stream: Fast and Generalizable Streaming of Dynamic Scene Reconstruction via Gaussian Splatting21 Mar 2025
- 2025Light4GS: Lightweight Compact 4D Gaussian Splatting Generation via Context Model18 Mar 2025
- 20257DGS: Unified Spatial-Temporal-Angular Gaussian Splatting11 Mar 2025
- 2025CoDa-4DGS: Dynamic Gaussian Splatting with Context and Deformation Awareness for Autonomous Driving9 Mar 2025
- 2025Efficient Gaussian Splatting for Monocular Dynamic Scene Rendering via Sparse Time-Variant Attribute Modeling27 Feb 2025
- 2025MoDec-GS: Global-to-Local Motion Decomposition and Temporal Interval Adjustment for Compact Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting7 Jan 2025
- 20244D Gaussian Splatting with Scale-aware Residual Field and Adaptive Optimization for Real-time Rendering of Temporally Complex Dynamic Scenes9 Dec 2024
- 2024Grid4D: 4D Decomposed Hash Encoding for High-Fidelity Dynamic Gaussian Splatting28 Oct 2024
- 2024SpectroMotion: Dynamic 3D Reconstruction of Specular Scenes22 Oct 2024
- 2024DaRePlane: Direction-aware Representations for Dynamic Scene Reconstruction18 Oct 2024
- 2024DN-4DGS: Denoised Deformable Network with Temporal-Spatial Aggregation for Dynamic Scene Rendering17 Oct 2024
- 2024MVGS: Multi-view Regulated Gaussian Splatting for Novel View Synthesis2 Oct 2024
- 2024KFD-NeRF: Rethinking Dynamic NeRF with Kalman Filter18 Jul 2024
- 2024IE-NeRF: Inpainting Enhanced Neural Radiance Fields in the Wild15 Jul 2024
- 2024OSN: Infinite Representations of Dynamic 3D Scenes from Monocular Videos8 Jul 2024
50 newest of 68 All 68 (JSON)
- 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 1,157
- 2023SC-GS: Sparse-Controlled Gaussian Splatting for Editable Dynamic Scenescited by 347
- 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 224
- 2025PhysTwin: Physics-Informed Reconstruction and Simulation of Deformable Objects from Videoscited by 87
- 2023Neural Parametric Gaussians for Monocular Non-Rigid Object Reconstructioncited by 61
- 2024TalkingGaussian: Structure-Persistent 3D Talking Head Synthesis via Gaussian Splattingcited by 60
- 2023PIE-NeRF: Physics-based Interactive Elastodynamics with NeRFcited by 51
- 2024MoDGS: Dynamic Gaussian Splatting from Casually-captured Monocular Videos with Depth Priorscited by 51
- 2024Grid4D: 4D Decomposed Hash Encoding for High-Fidelity Dynamic Gaussian Splattingcited by 49
- 2023DeformGS: Scene Flow in Highly Deformable Scenes for Deformable Object Manipulationcited by 42
- 2024Gaussian Splashing: Unified Particles for Versatile Motion Synthesis and Renderingcited by 37
- 20244D Gaussian Splatting with Scale-aware Residual Field and Adaptive Optimization for Real-time Rendering of Temporally Complex Dynamic Scenescited by 37
12 most cited of 65 All 65 (JSON)
- 2026ProDyGS: Dynamic Gaussian Splatting from a Single Static Monocular Camera26 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Alias-Free 4D Gaussian Representations with Motion-Aware Filtering22 Aug 2026
- 2026LaGSplat: Inferring Physics-Governed Interactive Simulation from Monocular Video Using Latent Lagrangian Gaussian Splatting17 Aug 2026
- 2026Struct-GStream: Towards Efficient Free-Viewpoint Video Streaming at Low-Bitrates with Structured 3D Gaussians2 Aug 2026
- 20264DHumanDiff: Direct Text-to-4DGS Generation for Consistent 360-Degree Dynamic Humans30 Jul 2026
- 2026DLGStream: Dynamic Language-embedded Guassian Splatting for Open-vocabulary Enabled Free-viewpoint Video Streaming27 Jun 2026
- 2026DySurface: Consistent 4D Surface Reconstruction via Bridging Explicit Gaussians and Implicit Functions11 May 2026
- 2026PaMoSplat: Part-Aware Motion-Guided Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scene Reconstruction11 May 2026
- 2026SplatWeaver: Learning to Allocate Gaussian Primitives for Generalizable Novel View Synthesis8 May 2026
- 2026Fast and Robust Deformable 3D Gaussian Splatting21 Mar 2026
- 2026GS-DMSR: Dynamic Sensitive Multi-scale Manifold Enhancement for Accelerated High-Quality 3D Gaussian Splatting9 Jan 2026
- 2026SV-GS: Sparse View 4D Reconstruction with Skeleton-Driven Gaussian Splatting1 Jan 2026
12 newest of 65 All 65 (JSON)