TalkingGaussian: Structure-Persistent 3D Talking Head Synthesis via Gaussian Splatting
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Abstract (arXiv)
Radiance fields have demonstrated impressive performance in synthesizing lifelike 3D talking heads. However, due to the difficulty in fitting steep appearance changes, the prevailing paradigm that presents facial motions by directly modifying point appearance may lead to distortions in dynamic regions. To tackle this challenge, we introduce TalkingGaussian, a deformation-based radiance fields framework for high-fidelity talking head synthesis. Leveraging the point-based Gaussian Splatting, facial motions can be represented in our method by applying smooth and continuous deformations to persistent Gaussian primitives, without requiring to learn the difficult appearance change like previous methods. Due to this simplification, precise facial motions can be synthesized while keeping a highly intact facial feature. Under such a deformation paradigm, we further identify a face-mouth motion inconsistency that would affect the learning of detailed speaking motions. To address this conflict, we decompose the model into two branches separately for the face and inside mouth areas, therefore simplifying the learning tasks to help reconstruct more accurate motion and structure of the mouth region. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method renders high-quality lip-synchronized talking head videos, with better facial fidelity and higher efficiency compared with previous methods.
Key facts. Cited by 60 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Apr 2024.
Builds on
40 of 59 references.
References · 40
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,853
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
- 2021HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Unitscited by 2,301
- 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,459
- 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,204
- 2020Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,194
- 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 1,144
- 2023Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 753
- 2023Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 731
28 more
- 2020A Lip Sync Expert Is All You Need for Speech to Lip Generation In The Wildcited by 669
- 2018BiSeNet: Bilateral Segmentation Network for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 645
- 2019MaskGAN: Towards Diverse and Interactive Facial Image Manipulationcited by 624
- 2014Deep Speech: Scaling up end-to-end speech recognitioncited by 354
- 2022Fast Dynamic Radiance Fields with Time-Aware Neural Voxelscited by 344
- 2021AD-NeRF: Audio Driven Neural Radiance Fields for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 339
- 2023GaussianAvatars: Photorealistic Head Avatars with Rigged 3D Gaussianscited by 256
- 2019Hierarchical Cross-Modal Talking Face Generationwith Dynamic Pixel-Wise Losscited by 252
- 2019Neural Voice Puppetry: Audio-driven Facial Reenactmentcited by 249
- 2023Gaussian-Flow: 4D Reconstruction with Dynamic 3D Gaussian Particlecited by 210
- 2018X2Face: A network for controlling face generation by using images, audio, and pose codescited by 189
- 2018Lip Movements Generation at a Glancecited by 154
- 2023GeneFace: Generalized and High-Fidelity Audio-Driven 3D Talking Face Synthesiscited by 131
- 2023DynMF: Neural Motion Factorization for Real-time Dynamic View Synthesis with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 124
- 2022Semantic-Aware Implicit Neural Audio-Driven Video Portrait Generationcited by 119
- 2022Learning Dynamic Facial Radiance Fields for Few-Shot Talking Head Synthesiscited by 97
- 2023Identity-Preserving Talking Face Generation with Landmark and Appearance Priorscited by 97
- 2024Real3D-Portrait: One-shot Realistic 3D Talking Portrait Synthesiscited by 97
- 2021FACIAL: Synthesizing Dynamic Talking Face with Implicit Attribute Learningcited by 90
- 2023MonoGaussianAvatar: Monocular Gaussian Point-based Head Avatarcited by 89
- 2023SyncTalk: The Devil is in the Synchronization for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 86
- 2022Real-time Neural Radiance Talking Portrait Synthesis via Audio-spatial Decompositioncited by 81
- 2023DINet: Deformation Inpainting Network for Realistic Face Visually Dubbing on High Resolution Videocited by 73
- 2023Efficient Region-Aware Neural Radiance Fields for High-Fidelity Talking Portrait Synthesiscited by 72
- 2023One-Shot High-Fidelity Talking-Head Synthesis with Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldcited by 68
- 2023Forward Flow for Novel View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenescited by 67
- 2023GaussianHead: High-fidelity Head Avatars with Learnable Gaussian Derivationcited by 46
- 2023HHAvatar: Gaussian Head Avatar with Dynamic Hairscited by 35
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 8; 2025: 32; 2026: 20.
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- 2024Generalizable and Animatable Gaussian Head Avatarcited by 95
- 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 77
- 2025DashGaussian: Optimizing 3D Gaussian Splatting in 200 Secondscited by 37
- 2025Human Motion Video Generation: A Surveycited by 25
- 2025StreamAvatar: Streaming Diffusion Models for Real-Time Interactive Human Avatarscited by 24
- 2025InsTaG: Learning Personalized 3D Talking Head from Few-Second Videocited by 18
- 2025MagicInfinite: Generating Infinite Talking Videos with Your Words and Voicecited by 16
- 2024MegActor-Sigma: Unlocking Flexible Mixed-Modal Control in Portrait Animation with Diffusion Transformercited by 13
- 2025SkyReels-Audio: Omni Audio-Conditioned Talking Portraits in Video Diffusion Transformerscited by 13
- 2025SEGA: Drivable 3D Gaussian Head Avatar from a Single Imagecited by 11
- 2025AV-Flow: Transforming Text to Audio-Visual Human-like Interactionscited by 9
- 2025SyncTalk++: High-Fidelity and Efficient Synchronized Talking Heads Synthesis Using Gaussian Splattingcited by 9
38 more
- 2024DEGSTalk: Decomposed Per-Embedding Gaussian Fields for Hair-Preserving Talking Face Synthesiscited by 7
- 2025FastAvatar: Instant 3D Gaussian Splatting for Faces from Single Unconstrained Posescited by 7
- 2025Advancing Talking Head Generation: A Comprehensive Survey of Multi-Modal Methodologies, Datasets, Evaluation Metrics, and Loss Functionscited by 6
- 2025PersonaLive! Expressive Portrait Image Animation for Live Streamingcited by 6
- 2025Audio Driven Real-Time Facial Animation for Social Telepresencecited by 5
- 2024PointTalk: Audio-Driven Dynamic Lip Point Cloud for 3D Gaussian-based Talking Head Synthesiscited by 4
- 2025Exploring Timeline Control for Facial Motion Generationcited by 4
- 2025GGTalker: Talking Head Systhesis with Generalizable Gaussian Priors and Identity-Specific Adaptationcited by 4
- 2025HyperGaussians: High-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting for High-Fidelity Animatable Face Avatarscited by 3
- 2025GeoAvatar: Adaptive Geometrical Gaussian Splatting for 3D Head Avatarcited by 3
- 2025VASA-3D: Lifelike Audio-Driven Gaussian Head Avatars from a Single Imagecited by 3
- 2026EmoTaG: Emotion-Aware Talking Head Synthesis on Gaussian Splatting with Few-Shot Personalizationcited by 3
- 2024When Words Smile: Generating Diverse Emotional Facial Expressions from Textcited by 2
- 2025E3RG: Building Explicit Emotion-driven Empathetic Response Generation System with Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 2
- 2025GaussianHeadTalk: Wobble-Free 3D Talking Heads with Audio Driven Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
- 2026ESGaussianFace: Emotional and Stylized Audio-Driven Facial Animation via 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
- 2026RSATalker: Realistic Socially-Aware Talking Head Generation for Multi-Turn Conversationcited by 2
- 2026EditYourself: Audio-Driven Generation and Manipulation of Talking Head Videos with Diffusion Transformerscited by 2
- 2024EmoGene: Audio-Driven Emotional 3D Talking-Head Generationcited by 1
- 2024LES-Talker: Fine-Grained Emotion Editing for Talking Head Generation in Linear Emotion Spacecited by 1
- 2025Few-Shot Identity Adaptation for 3D Talking Heads via Global Gaussian Fieldcited by 1
- 2025VisualSpeaker: Visually-Guided 3D Avatar Lip Synthesiscited by 1
- 2025ISExplore:Informative Segment Selection for Efficient Personalized 3D Talking Face Generationcited by 1
- 2025EmoDiffTalk:Emotion-aware Diffusion for Editable 3D Gaussian Talking Headcited by 1
- 2025Efficient and Robust Video Defense Framework against 3D-field Personalized Talking Facecited by 1
- 2026ICo3D: An Interactive Conversational 3D Virtual Humancited by 1
- 2026Toward Fine-Grained Facial Control in 3D Talking Head Generationcited by 1
- 2025PASE: Phoneme-Aware Speech Encoder to Improve Lip Sync Accuracy for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 0
- 2025FaceEditTalker: Controllable Talking Head Generation with Facial Attribute Editingcited by 0
- 2025M2DAO-Talker: Harmonizing Multi-granular Motion Decoupling and Alternating Optimization for Talking-head Generationcited by 0
- 2025MoGaFace: Momentum-Guided and Texture-Aware Gaussian Avatars for Consistent Facial Geometrycited by 0
- 2025HM-Talker: Hybrid Motion Modeling for High-Fidelity Talking Head Synthesiscited by 0
- 2025RealTalk: Realistic Emotion-Aware Lifelike Talking-Head Synthesiscited by 0
- 2025R2M: Real-Aware Residual Model Merging for Robust and Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Uncertainty-Aware 3D Emotional Talking Face Synthesis with Emotion Prior Distillationcited by 0
- 2026EmbedTalk: Talking Head Synthesis using Gaussian Embeddingscited by 0
- 2026Personalizing Causal Audio-Driven Facial Motion via Dynamic Multi-modal Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026SDTalk: Structured Facial Priors and Dual-Branch Motion Fields for Generalizable Gaussian Talking Head Synthesiscited by 0
50 most cited of 60 All 60 (JSON)
- 2026Hi-Singers: A Comprehensive High-Quality Dataset for Expressive Audio-Driven Singing Head Synthesis7 Sep 2026
- 2026BEACON: Behavior and Appearance Control for Subject-Specific Video Generation7 Sep 2026
- 2026Audio-Driven Adversarial Defense for 3D Talking Face Generation with totally Visual Fidelity Preservation31 Aug 2026
- 2026AnyTalk: Speech Animation for Arbitrary Characters Leveraging a Video Generation Model17 Aug 2026
- 2026PD-GS: Phoneme-Driven 3DGS for Audio-Driven Talking Heads5 Aug 2026
- 2026Talking Head Synthesis with Facial Landmark Guidance via 3D Gaussian Splatting16 Jul 2026
- 2026FFAvatar: Feed-Forward 4D Head Avatar Reconstruction from Sparse Portrait Images29 Jun 2026
- 2026EmoZone-Talker: Regional Semantic Control of Audio-Driven 3DGS Talking Heads via Facial Action Units14 Jun 2026
- 2026Splatshot: 3D Face Avatar Generation from a Single Unconstrained Photo31 May 2026
- 2026SplitAvatar: One-shot Head Avatar with Autoregressive Gaussian Splitting25 May 2026
- 2026SDTalk: Structured Facial Priors and Dual-Branch Motion Fields for Generalizable Gaussian Talking Head Synthesis11 May 2026
- 2026Personalizing Causal Audio-Driven Facial Motion via Dynamic Multi-modal Retrieval26 Apr 2026
38 more
- 2026EmoTaG: Emotion-Aware Talking Head Synthesis on Gaussian Splatting with Few-Shot Personalization22 Mar 2026
- 2026EmbedTalk: Talking Head Synthesis using Gaussian Embeddings8 Mar 2026
- 2026Toward Fine-Grained Facial Control in 3D Talking Head Generation10 Feb 2026
- 2026EditYourself: Audio-Driven Generation and Manipulation of Talking Head Videos with Diffusion Transformers29 Jan 2026
- 2026Uncertainty-Aware 3D Emotional Talking Face Synthesis with Emotion Prior Distillation27 Jan 2026
- 2026ICo3D: An Interactive Conversational 3D Virtual Human19 Jan 2026
- 2026RSATalker: Realistic Socially-Aware Talking Head Generation for Multi-Turn Conversation15 Jan 2026
- 2026ESGaussianFace: Emotional and Stylized Audio-Driven Facial Animation via 3D Gaussian Splatting5 Jan 2026
- 2025StreamAvatar: Streaming Diffusion Models for Real-Time Interactive Human Avatars26 Dec 2025
- 2025Efficient and Robust Video Defense Framework against 3D-field Personalized Talking Face24 Dec 2025
- 2025VASA-3D: Lifelike Audio-Driven Gaussian Head Avatars from a Single Image16 Dec 2025
- 2025PersonaLive! Expressive Portrait Image Animation for Live Streaming12 Dec 2025
- 2025GaussianHeadTalk: Wobble-Free 3D Talking Heads with Audio Driven Gaussian Splatting11 Dec 2025
- 2025EmoDiffTalk:Emotion-aware Diffusion for Editable 3D Gaussian Talking Head30 Nov 2025
- 2025ISExplore:Informative Segment Selection for Efficient Personalized 3D Talking Face Generation11 Nov 2025
- 2025Audio Driven Real-Time Facial Animation for Social Telepresence1 Oct 2025
- 2025R2M: Real-Aware Residual Model Merging for Robust and Generalizable Deepfake Detection29 Sep 2025
- 2025Human Motion Video Generation: A Survey4 Sep 2025
- 2025FastAvatar: Instant 3D Gaussian Splatting for Faces from Single Unconstrained Poses25 Aug 2025
- 2025E3RG: Building Explicit Emotion-driven Empathetic Response Generation System with Multimodal Large Language Model18 Aug 2025
- 2025RealTalk: Realistic Emotion-Aware Lifelike Talking-Head Synthesis16 Aug 2025
- 2025HM-Talker: Hybrid Motion Modeling for High-Fidelity Talking Head Synthesis14 Aug 2025
- 2025MoGaFace: Momentum-Guided and Texture-Aware Gaussian Avatars for Consistent Facial Geometry2 Aug 2025
- 2025GeoAvatar: Adaptive Geometrical Gaussian Splatting for 3D Head Avatar24 Jul 2025
- 2025M2DAO-Talker: Harmonizing Multi-granular Motion Decoupling and Alternating Optimization for Talking-head Generation11 Jul 2025
- 2025VisualSpeaker: Visually-Guided 3D Avatar Lip Synthesis8 Jul 2025
- 2025HyperGaussians: High-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting for High-Fidelity Animatable Face Avatars3 Jul 2025
- 2025Few-Shot Identity Adaptation for 3D Talking Heads via Global Gaussian Field27 Jun 2025
- 2025GGTalker: Talking Head Systhesis with Generalizable Gaussian Priors and Identity-Specific Adaptation26 Jun 2025
- 2025Advancing Talking Head Generation: A Comprehensive Survey of Multi-Modal Methodologies, Datasets, Evaluation Metrics, and Loss Functions23 Jun 2025
- 2025SyncTalk++: High-Fidelity and Efficient Synchronized Talking Heads Synthesis Using Gaussian Splatting17 Jun 2025
- 2025SkyReels-Audio: Omni Audio-Conditioned Talking Portraits in Video Diffusion Transformers1 Jun 2025
- 2025FaceEditTalker: Controllable Talking Head Generation with Facial Attribute Editing28 May 2025
- 2025Exploring Timeline Control for Facial Motion Generation27 May 2025
- 2025SEGA: Drivable 3D Gaussian Head Avatar from a Single Image19 Apr 2025
- 2025PASE: Phoneme-Aware Speech Encoder to Improve Lip Sync Accuracy for Talking Head Synthesis8 Apr 2025
- 2025DashGaussian: Optimizing 3D Gaussian Splatting in 200 Seconds24 Mar 2025
- 2025MagicInfinite: Generating Infinite Talking Videos with Your Words and Voice7 Mar 2025
50 newest of 60 All 60 (JSON)
- 2025StreamAvatar: Streaming Diffusion Models for Real-Time Interactive Human Avatarscited by 24
- 2025MagicInfinite: Generating Infinite Talking Videos with Your Words and Voicecited by 16
- 2024MegActor-Sigma: Unlocking Flexible Mixed-Modal Control in Portrait Animation with Diffusion Transformercited by 13
- 2025SkyReels-Audio: Omni Audio-Conditioned Talking Portraits in Video Diffusion Transformerscited by 13
- 2025AV-Flow: Transforming Text to Audio-Visual Human-like Interactionscited by 9
- 2026EditYourself: Audio-Driven Generation and Manipulation of Talking Head Videos with Diffusion Transformerscited by 2
- 2026Splatshot: 3D Face Avatar Generation from a Single Unconstrained Photocited by 0
- 2026AnyTalk: Speech Animation for Arbitrary Characters Leveraging a Video Generation Modelcited by 0
- 2026AnyTalk: Speech Animation for Arbitrary Characters Leveraging a Video Generation Model17 Aug 2026
- 2026Splatshot: 3D Face Avatar Generation from a Single Unconstrained Photo31 May 2026
- 2026EditYourself: Audio-Driven Generation and Manipulation of Talking Head Videos with Diffusion Transformers29 Jan 2026
- 2025StreamAvatar: Streaming Diffusion Models for Real-Time Interactive Human Avatars26 Dec 2025
- 2025SkyReels-Audio: Omni Audio-Conditioned Talking Portraits in Video Diffusion Transformers1 Jun 2025
- 2025MagicInfinite: Generating Infinite Talking Videos with Your Words and Voice7 Mar 2025
- 2025AV-Flow: Transforming Text to Audio-Visual Human-like Interactions18 Feb 2025
- 2024MegActor-Sigma: Unlocking Flexible Mixed-Modal Control in Portrait Animation with Diffusion Transformer27 Aug 2024
- 2024Generalizable and Animatable Gaussian Head Avatarcited by 95
- 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 77
- 2025DashGaussian: Optimizing 3D Gaussian Splatting in 200 Secondscited by 37
- 2025Human Motion Video Generation: A Surveycited by 25
- 2025InsTaG: Learning Personalized 3D Talking Head from Few-Second Videocited by 18
- 2025SEGA: Drivable 3D Gaussian Head Avatar from a Single Imagecited by 11
- 2025SyncTalk++: High-Fidelity and Efficient Synchronized Talking Heads Synthesis Using Gaussian Splattingcited by 9
- 2024DEGSTalk: Decomposed Per-Embedding Gaussian Fields for Hair-Preserving Talking Face Synthesiscited by 7
- 2025FastAvatar: Instant 3D Gaussian Splatting for Faces from Single Unconstrained Posescited by 7
- 2025Advancing Talking Head Generation: A Comprehensive Survey of Multi-Modal Methodologies, Datasets, Evaluation Metrics, and Loss Functionscited by 6
- 2025PersonaLive! Expressive Portrait Image Animation for Live Streamingcited by 6
- 2025Audio Driven Real-Time Facial Animation for Social Telepresencecited by 5
12 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)
- 2026Hi-Singers: A Comprehensive High-Quality Dataset for Expressive Audio-Driven Singing Head Synthesis7 Sep 2026
- 2026BEACON: Behavior and Appearance Control for Subject-Specific Video Generation7 Sep 2026
- 2026Audio-Driven Adversarial Defense for 3D Talking Face Generation with totally Visual Fidelity Preservation31 Aug 2026
- 2026PD-GS: Phoneme-Driven 3DGS for Audio-Driven Talking Heads5 Aug 2026
- 2026Talking Head Synthesis with Facial Landmark Guidance via 3D Gaussian Splatting16 Jul 2026
- 2026FFAvatar: Feed-Forward 4D Head Avatar Reconstruction from Sparse Portrait Images29 Jun 2026
- 2026EmoZone-Talker: Regional Semantic Control of Audio-Driven 3DGS Talking Heads via Facial Action Units14 Jun 2026
- 2026SplitAvatar: One-shot Head Avatar with Autoregressive Gaussian Splitting25 May 2026
- 2026SDTalk: Structured Facial Priors and Dual-Branch Motion Fields for Generalizable Gaussian Talking Head Synthesis11 May 2026
- 2026Personalizing Causal Audio-Driven Facial Motion via Dynamic Multi-modal Retrieval26 Apr 2026
- 2026EmoTaG: Emotion-Aware Talking Head Synthesis on Gaussian Splatting with Few-Shot Personalization22 Mar 2026
- 2026EmbedTalk: Talking Head Synthesis using Gaussian Embeddings8 Mar 2026
12 newest of 52 All 52 (JSON)