mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Mirror-NeRF: Learning Neural Radiance Fields for Mirrors with Whitted-Style Ray Tracing

arXiv 2308.03280 ↗First posted 7 Aug 2023cs.CVcited by 22

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) has exhibited significant success in novel view synthesis, surface reconstruction, etc. However, since no physical reflection is considered in its rendering pipeline, NeRF mistakes the reflection in the mirror as a separate virtual scene, leading to the inaccurate reconstruction of the mirror and multi-view inconsistent reflections in the mirror. In this paper, we present a novel neural rendering framework, named Mirror-NeRF, which is able to learn accurate geometry and reflection of the mirror and support various scene manipulation applications with mirrors, such as adding new objects or mirrors into the scene and synthesizing the reflections of these new objects in mirrors, controlling mirror roughness, etc. To achieve this goal, we propose a unified radiance field by introducing the reflection probability and tracing rays following the light transport model of Whitted Ray Tracing, and also develop several techniques to facilitate the learning process. Experiments and comparisons on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method. The code and supplementary material are available on the project webpage: https://zju3dv.github.io/Mirror-NeRF/.

Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 47 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Aug 2023.

Builds on

47 of 56 references.

References · 47

  1. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  2. 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
  3. 2020Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functionscited by 2,214
  4. 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,701
  5. 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,459
  6. 2021IBRNet: Learning Multi-View Image-Based Renderingcited by 698
  7. 2019Local Light Field Fusion: Practical View Synthesis with Prescriptive Sampling Guidelinescited by 672
  8. 2020Neural Body: Implicit Neural Representations with Structured Latent Codes for Novel View Synthesis of Dynamic Humanscited by 634
  9. 2021NICE-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scalable Encoding for SLAMcited by 586
  10. 2021Ref-NeRF: Structured View-Dependent Appearance for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 569
  11. 2020NeRV: Neural Reflectance and Visibility Fields for Relighting and View Synthesiscited by 493
  12. 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
35 more
  1. 2022MonoSDF: Exploring Monocular Geometric Cues for Neural Implicit Surface Reconstructioncited by 467
  2. 2020NeRD: Neural Reflectance Decomposition from Image Collectionscited by 446
  3. 2021In-Place Scene Labelling and Understanding with Implicit Scene Representationcited by 411
  4. 2021Advances in Neural Renderingcited by 365
  5. 2021Extracting Triangular 3D Models, Materials, and Lighting From Imagescited by 363
  6. 2021PhySG: Inverse Rendering with Spherical Gaussians for Physics-based Material Editing and Relightingcited by 332
  7. 2021Neural RGB-D Surface Reconstructioncited by 312
  8. 2021Learning Object-Compositional Neural Radiance Field for Editable Scene Renderingcited by 228
  9. 2021Neural-PIL: Neural Pre-Integrated Lighting for Reflectance Decompositioncited by 204
  10. 2020Neural Reflectance Fields for Appearance Acquisitioncited by 196
  11. 2021NerfingMVS: Guided Optimization of Neural Radiance Fields for Indoor Multi-view Stereocited by 191
  12. 2022Panoptic Lifting for 3D Scene Understanding with Neural Fieldscited by 171
  13. 2022Modeling Indirect Illumination for Inverse Renderingcited by 167
  14. 2022NeuMesh: Learning Disentangled Neural Mesh-based Implicit Field for Geometry and Texture Editingcited by 141
  15. 2022Neural 3D Scene Reconstruction with the Manhattan-world Assumptioncited by 123
  16. 2021NeRFReN: Neural Radiance Fields with Reflectionscited by 121
  17. 2022Generalizable Patch-Based Neural Renderingcited by 121
  18. 2022NeRFusion: Fusing Radiance Fields for Large-Scale Scene Reconstructioncited by 99
  19. 2021NeRF-SR: High-Quality Neural Radiance Fields using Supersamplingcited by 95
  20. 2023SINE: Semantic-driven Image-based NeRF Editing with Prior-guided Editing Fieldcited by 93
  21. 2022Voxurf: Voxel-based Efficient and Accurate Neural Surface Reconstructioncited by 92
  22. 2022SAMURAI: Shape And Material from Unconstrained Real-world Arbitrary Image collectionscited by 89
  23. 2023Nerfbusters: Removing Ghostly Artifacts from Casually Captured NeRFscited by 76
  24. 2022DM-NeRF: 3D Scene Geometry Decomposition and Manipulation from 2D Imagescited by 69
  25. 2022GO-Surf: Neural Feature Grid Optimization for Fast, High-Fidelity RGB-D Surface Reconstructioncited by 61
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  27. 2022NeROIC: Neural Rendering of Objects from Online Image Collectionscited by 36
  28. 2023NeMF: Inverse Volume Rendering with Neural Microflake Fieldcited by 34
  29. 2020Vid2Player: Controllable Video Sprites that Behave and Appear like Professional Tennis Playerscited by 30
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  31. 2022Ray Priors through Reprojection: Improving Neural Radiance Fields for Novel View Extrapolationcited by 26
  32. 2022DoF-NeRF: Depth-of-Field Meets Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 26
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  34. 2022Factorized and Controllable Neural Re-Rendering of Outdoor Scene for Photo Extrapolationcited by 16
  35. 2022Neural Rendering in a Room: Amodal 3D Understanding and Free-Viewpoint Rendering for the Closed Scene Composed of Pre-Captured Objectscited by 7

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 10; 2025: 5; 2026: 4.

22 papers.

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  1. 20244D Gaussian Splatting with Scale-aware Residual Field and Adaptive Optimization for Real-time Rendering of Temporally Complex Dynamic Scenescited by 37
  2. 2023SpecNeRF: Gaussian Directional Encoding for Specular Reflectionscited by 30
  3. 2023UniSDF: Unifying Neural Representations for High-Fidelity 3D Reconstruction of Complex Scenes with Reflectionscited by 29
  4. 2024MirrorGaussian: Reflecting 3D Gaussians for Reconstructing Mirror Reflectionscited by 21
  5. 2024Mirror-3DGS: Incorporating Mirror Reflections into 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 18
  6. 2024GlossyGS: Inverse Rendering of Glossy Objects with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 13
  7. 2024MaGS: Reconstructing and Simulating Dynamic 3D Objects with Mesh-adsorbed Gaussian Splattingcited by 8
  8. 2025MirrorVerse: Pushing Diffusion Models to Realistically Reflect the Worldcited by 8
  9. 2023TraM-NeRF: Tracing Mirror and Near-Perfect Specular Reflections through Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 7
  10. 2024Planar Reflection-Aware Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 6
  11. 2024Expansive Supervision for Neural Radiance Fieldcited by 5
  12. 2025Reflections Unlock: Geometry-Aware Reflection Disentanglement in 3D Gaussian Splatting for Photorealistic Scenes Renderingcited by 4
10 more
  1. 2024RefGaussian: Disentangling Reflections from 3D Gaussian Splatting for Realistic Renderingcited by 3
  2. 2024PIR: Photometric Inverse Rendering with Shading Cues Modeling and Surface Reflectance Regularizationcited by 2
  3. 2024Gaussian Splatting in Mirrors: Reflection-Aware Rendering via Virtual Camera Optimizationcited by 2
  4. 2025NeRFs are Mirror Detectors: Using Structural Similarity for Multi-View Mirror Scene Reconstruction with 3D Surface Primitivescited by 2
  5. 2025Reflect3r: Single-View 3D Stereo Reconstruction Aided by Mirror Reflectionscited by 2
  6. 2025TR-Gaussians: High-fidelity Real-time Rendering of Planar Transmission and Reflection with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
  7. 2026PhyGaP: Physically-Grounded Gaussians with Polarization Cuescited by 0
  8. 2026PhysMirror: Physics-Aware Mirror Object Generationcited by 0
  9. 2026MVMD: A Multi-View Approach for Enhanced Mirror Detectioncited by 0
  10. 2026Reflection-aware Generative Novel View Synthesiscited by 0