Scalable, Detailed and Mask-Free Universal Photometric Stereo
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we introduce SDM-UniPS, a groundbreaking Scalable, Detailed, Mask-free, and Universal Photometric Stereo network. Our approach can recover astonishingly intricate surface normal maps, rivaling the quality of 3D scanners, even when images are captured under unknown, spatially-varying lighting conditions in uncontrolled environments. We have extended previous universal photometric stereo networks to extract spatial-light features, utilizing all available information in high-resolution input images and accounting for non-local interactions among surface points. Moreover, we present a new synthetic training dataset that encompasses a diverse range of shapes, materials, and illumination scenarios found in real-world scenes. Through extensive evaluation, we demonstrate that our method not only surpasses calibrated, lighting-specific techniques on public benchmarks, but also excels with a significantly smaller number of input images even without object masks.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Mar 2023.
Builds on
29 of 71 references.
References · 29
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
- 2022A ConvNet for the 2020scited by 3,545
- 2016Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs)cited by 3,431
- 2020Point Transformercited by 1,462
- 2018Unified Perceptual Parsing for Scene Understandingcited by 1,265
- 2021Swin Transformer V2: Scaling Up Capacity and Resolutioncited by 1,215
- 2020On Layer Normalization in the Transformer Architecturecited by 906
- 2022Point Transformer V2: Grouped Vector Attention and Partition-based Poolingcited by 384
- 2021Extracting Triangular 3D Models, Materials, and Lighting From Imagescited by 363
17 more
- 2022Modeling Indirect Illumination for Inverse Renderingcited by 167
- 2021Self-attention Does Not Need O(n2) Memorycited by 152
- 2022IRON: Inverse Rendering by Optimizing Neural SDFs and Materials from Photometric Imagescited by 110
- 2018PS-FCN: A Flexible Learning Framework for Photometric Stereocited by 51
- 2019Self-calibrating Deep Photometric Stereo Networkscited by 47
- 2018CNN-PS: CNN-based Photometric Stereo for General Non-Convex Surfacescited by 45
- 2018Neural Inverse Rendering for General Reflectance Photometric Stereocited by 35
- 2020Uncalibrated Neural Inverse Rendering for Photometric Stereo of General Surfacescited by 33
- 2022Neural Reflectance for Shape Recovery with Shadow Handlingcited by 28
- 2020PX-NET: Simple and Efficient Pixel-Wise Training of Photometric Stereo Networkscited by 21
- 2022Universal Photometric Stereo Network using Global Lighting Contextscited by 18
- 2022Self-calibrating Photometric Stereo by Neural Inverse Renderingcited by 17
- 2015Shape and Spatially-Varying Reflectance Estimation From Virtual Exemplarscited by 15
- 2019Variational Uncalibrated Photometric Stereo under General Lightingcited by 14
- 2022PS-Transformer: Learning Sparse Photometric Stereo Network using Self-Attention Mechanismcited by 13
- 2022DeepPS2: Revisiting Photometric Stereo Using Two Differently Illuminated Imagescited by 5
- 2018Single Day Outdoor Photometric Stereocited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 8; 2025: 11; 2026: 8.
30 papers.
Sort:
- 2025Hi3DGen: High-fidelity 3D Geometry Generation from Images via Normal Bridgingcited by 95
- 2024IDArb: Intrinsic Decomposition for Arbitrary Number of Input Views and Illuminationscited by 21
- 2023SuperNormal: Neural Surface Reconstruction via Multi-View Normal Integrationcited by 18
- 2023RNb-NeuS: Reflectance and Normal-based Multi-View 3D Reconstructioncited by 13
- 2025Light of Normals: Unified Feature Representation for Universal Photometric Stereocited by 8
- 2025Multi-view Surface Reconstruction Using Normal and Reflectance Cuescited by 5
- 2023Differentiable Display Photometric Stereocited by 4
- 2024NPLMV-PS: Neural Point-Light Multi-View Photometric Stereocited by 4
- 2024MERLiN: Single-Shot Material Estimation and Relighting for Photometric Stereocited by 4
- 2024Physics-Free Spectrally Multiplexed Photometric Stereo under Unknown Spectral Compositioncited by 4
- 2024PRM: Photometric Stereo based Large Reconstruction Modelcited by 4
- 2025A Real-world Display Inverse Rendering Datasetcited by 4
18 more
- 2024LUCES-MV: A Multi-View Dataset for Near-Field Point Light Source Photometric Stereocited by 2
- 2026Monocular Normal Estimation via Shading Sequence Estimationcited by 2
- 2024Spin-UP: Spin Light for Natural Light Uncalibrated Photometric Stereocited by 1
- 2025PMNI: Pose-free Multi-view Normal Integration for Reflective and Textureless Surface Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2025Discontinuity-aware Normal Integration for Generic Central Camera Modelscited by 1
- 2025PS-GS: Gaussian Splatting for Multi-View Photometric Stereocited by 1
- 2025Geometry Meets Light: Leveraging Geometric Priors for Universal Photometric Stereo under Limited Multi-Illumination Cuescited by 1
- 2024LIPIDS: Learning-based Illumination Planning In Discretized (Light) Space for Photometric Stereocited by 0
- 2025PS-EIP: Robust Photometric Stereo Based on Event Interval Profilecited by 0
- 2025Neural Multi-View Self-Calibrated Photometric Stereo without Photometric Stereo Cuescited by 0
- 2025Towards Fast and Scalable Normal Integration using Continuous Componentscited by 0
- 2026Near-Light Color Photometric Stereo for Mono-Chromatic Non-Lambertian Surfacescited by 0
- 2026EvalMVX: A Unified Benchmarking for Neural 3D Reconstruction under Diverse Multiview Setupscited by 0
- 2026High-fidelity Multi-view Normal Integration with Scale-encoded Neural Surface Representationcited by 0
- 2026Snapshot Polarimetric Display Inverse Renderingcited by 0
- 2026FlashNormal: Detailed Surface Normal Estimation from Flash and No-Flash Imagescited by 0
- 2026Integrating Multi-view Multi-light Surface Reconstruction into Cultural Heritage Workflowscited by 0
- 2026Calibration-Free Surface Normals Estimation in Vision-Based Tactile Sensing using Universal Photometric Stereocited by 0
- 2026Calibration-Free Surface Normals Estimation in Vision-Based Tactile Sensing using Universal Photometric Stereo23 Sep 2026
- 2026Integrating Multi-view Multi-light Surface Reconstruction into Cultural Heritage Workflows14 Sep 2026
- 2026FlashNormal: Detailed Surface Normal Estimation from Flash and No-Flash Images26 Aug 2026
- 2026Snapshot Polarimetric Display Inverse Rendering24 May 2026
- 2026High-fidelity Multi-view Normal Integration with Scale-encoded Neural Surface Representation20 Mar 2026
- 2026EvalMVX: A Unified Benchmarking for Neural 3D Reconstruction under Diverse Multiview Setups27 Feb 2026
- 2026Monocular Normal Estimation via Shading Sequence Estimation10 Feb 2026
- 2026Near-Light Color Photometric Stereo for Mono-Chromatic Non-Lambertian Surfaces19 Jan 2026
- 2025Geometry Meets Light: Leveraging Geometric Priors for Universal Photometric Stereo under Limited Multi-Illumination Cues17 Nov 2025
- 2025Towards Fast and Scalable Normal Integration using Continuous Components13 Oct 2025
- 2025A Real-world Display Inverse Rendering Dataset20 Aug 2025
- 2025Neural Multi-View Self-Calibrated Photometric Stereo without Photometric Stereo Cues30 Jul 2025
18 more
- 2025PS-GS: Gaussian Splatting for Multi-View Photometric Stereo24 Jul 2025
- 2025Discontinuity-aware Normal Integration for Generic Central Camera Models8 Jul 2025
- 2025Light of Normals: Unified Feature Representation for Universal Photometric Stereo23 Jun 2025
- 2025Multi-view Surface Reconstruction Using Normal and Reflectance Cues4 Jun 2025
- 2025PMNI: Pose-free Multi-view Normal Integration for Reflective and Textureless Surface Reconstruction11 Apr 2025
- 2025Hi3DGen: High-fidelity 3D Geometry Generation from Images via Normal Bridging28 Mar 2025
- 2025PS-EIP: Robust Photometric Stereo Based on Event Interval Profile24 Mar 2025
- 2024LUCES-MV: A Multi-View Dataset for Near-Field Point Light Source Photometric Stereo21 Dec 2024
- 2024IDArb: Intrinsic Decomposition for Arbitrary Number of Input Views and Illuminations16 Dec 2024
- 2024PRM: Photometric Stereo based Large Reconstruction Model10 Dec 2024
- 2024Physics-Free Spectrally Multiplexed Photometric Stereo under Unknown Spectral Composition28 Oct 2024
- 2024LIPIDS: Learning-based Illumination Planning In Discretized (Light) Space for Photometric Stereo1 Sep 2024
- 2024MERLiN: Single-Shot Material Estimation and Relighting for Photometric Stereo1 Sep 2024
- 2024NPLMV-PS: Neural Point-Light Multi-View Photometric Stereo20 May 2024
- 2024Spin-UP: Spin Light for Natural Light Uncalibrated Photometric Stereo2 Apr 2024
- 2023SuperNormal: Neural Surface Reconstruction via Multi-View Normal Integration8 Dec 2023
- 2023RNb-NeuS: Reflectance and Normal-based Multi-View 3D Reconstruction2 Dec 2023
- 2023Differentiable Display Photometric Stereo23 Jun 2023
- 2025Hi3DGen: High-fidelity 3D Geometry Generation from Images via Normal Bridgingcited by 95
- 2024IDArb: Intrinsic Decomposition for Arbitrary Number of Input Views and Illuminationscited by 21
- 2023SuperNormal: Neural Surface Reconstruction via Multi-View Normal Integrationcited by 18
- 2023RNb-NeuS: Reflectance and Normal-based Multi-View 3D Reconstructioncited by 13
- 2025Light of Normals: Unified Feature Representation for Universal Photometric Stereocited by 8
- 2025Multi-view Surface Reconstruction Using Normal and Reflectance Cuescited by 5
- 2023Differentiable Display Photometric Stereocited by 4
- 2024NPLMV-PS: Neural Point-Light Multi-View Photometric Stereocited by 4
- 2024MERLiN: Single-Shot Material Estimation and Relighting for Photometric Stereocited by 4
- 2024Physics-Free Spectrally Multiplexed Photometric Stereo under Unknown Spectral Compositioncited by 4
- 2024PRM: Photometric Stereo based Large Reconstruction Modelcited by 4
- 2025A Real-world Display Inverse Rendering Datasetcited by 4
12 most cited of 30 All 30 (JSON)
- 2026Calibration-Free Surface Normals Estimation in Vision-Based Tactile Sensing using Universal Photometric Stereo23 Sep 2026
- 2026Integrating Multi-view Multi-light Surface Reconstruction into Cultural Heritage Workflows14 Sep 2026
- 2026FlashNormal: Detailed Surface Normal Estimation from Flash and No-Flash Images26 Aug 2026
- 2026Snapshot Polarimetric Display Inverse Rendering24 May 2026
- 2026High-fidelity Multi-view Normal Integration with Scale-encoded Neural Surface Representation20 Mar 2026
- 2026EvalMVX: A Unified Benchmarking for Neural 3D Reconstruction under Diverse Multiview Setups27 Feb 2026
- 2026Monocular Normal Estimation via Shading Sequence Estimation10 Feb 2026
- 2026Near-Light Color Photometric Stereo for Mono-Chromatic Non-Lambertian Surfaces19 Jan 2026
- 2025Geometry Meets Light: Leveraging Geometric Priors for Universal Photometric Stereo under Limited Multi-Illumination Cues17 Nov 2025
- 2025Towards Fast and Scalable Normal Integration using Continuous Components13 Oct 2025
- 2025A Real-world Display Inverse Rendering Dataset20 Aug 2025
- 2025Neural Multi-View Self-Calibrated Photometric Stereo without Photometric Stereo Cues30 Jul 2025
12 newest of 30 All 30 (JSON)