mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

InterGen: Diffusion-based Multi-human Motion Generation under Complex Interactions

arXiv 2304.05684 ↗First posted 12 Apr 2023cs.CVcited by 206

On the map: Diffusion models → Video generation

Abstract (arXiv)

We have recently seen tremendous progress in diffusion advances for generating realistic human motions. Yet, they largely disregard the multi-human interactions. In this paper, we present InterGen, an effective diffusion-based approach that incorporates human-to-human interactions into the motion diffusion process, which enables layman users to customize high-quality two-person interaction motions, with only text guidance. We first contribute a multimodal dataset, named InterHuman. It consists of about 107M frames for diverse two-person interactions, with accurate skeletal motions and 23,337 natural language descriptions. For the algorithm side, we carefully tailor the motion diffusion model to our two-person interaction setting. To handle the symmetry of human identities during interactions, we propose two cooperative transformer-based denoisers that explicitly share weights, with a mutual attention mechanism to further connect the two denoising processes. Then, we propose a novel representation for motion input in our interaction diffusion model, which explicitly formulates the global relations between the two performers in the world frame. We further introduce two novel regularization terms to encode spatial relations, equipped with a corresponding damping scheme during the training of our interaction diffusion model. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness and generalizability of InterGen. Notably, it can generate more diverse and compelling two-person motions than previous methods and enables various downstream applications for human interactions.

Key facts. Cited by 206 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Video generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 68 of its 112 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Apr 2023.

Builds on

68 of 112 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Human Motion Diffusion as a Generative Prior2 Mar
  2. 2022Executing your Commands via Motion Diffusion in Latent Space8 Dec
  3. 2022PhysDiff: Physics-Guided Human Motion Diffusion Model5 Dec
  4. 2022FLAME: Free-form Language-based Motion Synthesis & Editing1 Sep
  5. 2022MotionDiffuse: Text-Driven Human Motion Generation with Diffusion Model31 Aug

Other references · 63

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  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  3. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  4. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
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38 more
  1. 2016Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Imagecited by 695
  2. 2019Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-fitting in the Loopcited by 627
  3. 2019VIBE: Video Inference for Human Body Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 620
  4. 2023T2M-GPT: Generating Human Motion from Textual Descriptions with Discrete Representationscited by 588
  5. 2019NTU RGB+D 120: A Large-Scale Benchmark for 3D Human Activity Understandingcited by 533
  6. 2021Action-Conditioned 3D Human Motion Synthesis with Transformer VAEcited by 501
  7. 2022TEMOS: Generating diverse human motions from textual descriptionscited by 492
  8. 2021AI Choreographer: Music Conditioned 3D Dance Generation with AIST++cited by 485
  9. 2020Action2Motion: Conditioned Generation of 3D Human Motionscited by 441
  10. 2022MotionCLIP: Exposing Human Motion Generation to CLIP Spacecited by 408
  11. 2022TM2T: Stochastic and Tokenized Modeling for the Reciprocal Generation of 3D Human Motions and Textscited by 359
  12. 2016The KIT Motion-Language Datasetcited by 338
  13. 2021HuMoR: 3D Human Motion Model for Robust Pose Estimationcited by 324
  14. 2018Learning 3D Human Dynamics from Videocited by 316
  15. 2021BABEL: Bodies, Action and Behavior with English Labelscited by 265
  16. 2019Language2Pose: Natural Language Grounded Pose Forecastingcited by 257
  17. 2017Hand Keypoint Detection in Single Images using Multiview Bootstrappingcited by 231
  18. 2021Robust Motion In-betweeningcited by 229
  19. 2017Unite the People: Closing the Loop Between 3D and 2D Human Representationscited by 205
  20. 2020STAR: Sparse Trained Articulated Human Body Regressorcited by 194
  21. 2021Synthesis of Compositional Animations from Textual Descriptionscited by 178
  22. 2022TEACH: Temporal Action Composition for 3D Humanscited by 176
  23. 2020DeepCap: Monocular Human Performance Capture Using Weak Supervisioncited by 162
  24. 2022HUMANISE: Language-conditioned Human Motion Generation in 3D Scenescited by 158
  25. 2022Physical Inertial Poser (PIP): Physics-aware Real-time Human Motion Tracking from Sparse Inertial Sensorscited by 146
  26. 2021DanceFormer: Music Conditioned 3D Dance Generation with Parametric Motion Transformercited by 111
  27. 2017Sparse Inertial Poser: Automatic 3D Human Pose Estimation from Sparse IMUscited by 109
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  30. 2017Towards Accurate Markerless Human Shape and Pose Estimation over Timecited by 92
  31. 2019You2Me: Inferring Body Pose in Egocentric Video via First and Second Person Interactionscited by 82
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  34. 2021Multi-Person Extreme Motion Predictioncited by 75
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  38. 2017MonoPerfCap: Human Performance Capture from Monocular Videocited by 63

50 most cited of 63 All 63 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 16; 2024: 50; 2025: 78; 2026: 62.

206 papers.

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  1. 2023Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 2,212
  2. 2023OmniControl: Control Any Joint at Any Time for Human Motion Generationcited by 238
  3. 2023State of the Art on Diffusion Models for Visual Computingcited by 127
  4. 2023Inter-X: Towards Versatile Human-Human Interaction Analysiscited by 98
  5. 2023HOI-Diff: Text-Driven Synthesis of 3D Human-Object Interactions using Diffusion Modelscited by 93
  6. 2024Text2HOI: Text-guided 3D Motion Generation for Hand-Object Interactioncited by 86
  7. 2024Rethinking Diffusion for Text-Driven Human Motion Generation: Redundant Representations, Evaluation, and Masked Autoregressioncited by 85
  8. 2024DartControl: A Diffusion-Based Autoregressive Motion Model for Real-Time Text-Driven Motion Controlcited by 84
  9. 2024Flexible Motion In-betweening with Diffusion Modelscited by 71
  10. 2025Go to Zero: Towards Zero-shot Motion Generation with Million-scale Datacited by 68
  11. 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
  12. 2024InterDreamer: Zero-Shot Text to 3D Dynamic Human-Object Interactioncited by 64
38 more
  1. 2023ReMoS: 3D Motion-Conditioned Reaction Synthesis for Two-Person Interactionscited by 62
  2. 2024ReGenNet: Towards Human Action-Reaction Synthesiscited by 53
  3. 2024HOI-M3:Capture Multiple Humans and Objects Interaction within Contextual Environmentcited by 53
  4. 2023OMG: Towards Open-vocabulary Motion Generation via Mixture of Controllerscited by 47
  5. 2024Duolando: Follower GPT with Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning for Dance Accompanimentcited by 47
  6. 2024InterMask: 3D Human Interaction Generation via Collaborative Masked Modelingcited by 47
  7. 2024THOR: Text to Human-Object Interaction Diffusion via Relation Interventioncited by 46
  8. 2024CooHOI: Learning Cooperative Human-Object Interaction with Manipulated Object Dynamicscited by 44
  9. 2025AI Flow: Perspectives, Scenarios, and Approachescited by 44
  10. 2023Generative Proxemics: A Prior for 3D Social Interaction from Imagescited by 43
  11. 2023Digital Life Project: Autonomous 3D Characters with Social Intelligencecited by 43
  12. 2024FreeMotion: A Unified Framework for Number-free Text-to-Motion Synthesiscited by 42
  13. 2024Goldfish: Vision-Language Understanding of Arbitrarily Long Videoscited by 40
  14. 2023AutoStory: Generating Diverse Storytelling Images with Minimal Human Effortcited by 38
  15. 2024HIMO: A New Benchmark for Full-Body Human Interacting with Multiple Objectscited by 36
  16. 2025InterAct: Advancing Large-Scale Versatile 3D Human-Object Interaction Generationcited by 32
  17. 2024Monkey See, Monkey Do: Harnessing Self-attention in Motion Diffusion for Zero-shot Motion Transfercited by 31
  18. 2024in2IN: Leveraging individual Information to Generate Human INteractionscited by 29
  19. 2024Towards Open Domain Text-Driven Synthesis of Multi-Person Motionscited by 29
  20. 2024Learning from Massive Human Videos for Universal Humanoid Pose Controlcited by 29
  21. 2025Absolute Coordinates Make Motion Generation Easycited by 29
  22. 2024InterHandGen: Two-Hand Interaction Generation via Cascaded Reverse Diffusioncited by 28
  23. 2025Ready-to-React: Online Reaction Policy for Two-Character Interaction Generationcited by 28
  24. 2023Interactive Humanoid: Online Full-Body Motion Reaction Synthesis with Social Affordance Canonicalization and Forecastingcited by 27
  25. 2024TIMotion: Temporal and Interactive Framework for Efficient Human-Human Motion Generationcited by 27
  26. 2025SimMotionEdit: Text-Based Human Motion Editing with Motion Similarity Predictioncited by 27
  27. 2025A Survey on Human Interaction Motion Generationcited by 25
  28. 2025Guiding Human-Object Interactions with Rich Geometry and Relationscited by 24
  29. 2023InterControl: Zero-shot Human Interaction Generation by Controlling Every Jointcited by 23
  30. 2024Mix-of-Granularity: Optimize the Chunking Granularity for Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 23
  31. 2024CrossViewDiff: A Cross-View Diffusion Model for Satellite-to-Street View Synthesiscited by 23
  32. 2024Exploring Vision Transformers for 3D Human Motion-Language Models with Motion Patchescited by 22
  33. 2025The Quest for Generalizable Motion Generation: Data, Model, and Evaluationcited by 22
  34. 2025DuetGen: Music Driven Two-Person Dance Generation via Hierarchical Masked Modelingcited by 21
  35. 2025Towards Immersive Human-X Interaction: A Real-Time Framework for Physically Plausible Motion Synthesiscited by 20
  36. 2023Image-Based Virtual Try-On: A Surveycited by 19
  37. 2024Closely Interactive Human Reconstruction with Proxemics and Physics-Guided Adaptioncited by 19
  38. 2024PhysReaction: Physically Plausible Real-Time Humanoid Reaction Synthesis via Forward Dynamics Guided 4D Imitationcited by 18

50 most cited of 206 All 206 (JSON)

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  1. 2025InterPose: Learning to Generate Human-Object Interactions from Large-Scale Web Videos
  2. 2023Priority-Centric Human Motion Generation in Discrete Latent Space
  3. 2023DiffusionPhase: Motion Diffusion in Frequency Domain
  4. 2024It Takes Two: Real-time Co-Speech Two-person's Interaction Generation via Reactive Auto-regressive Diffusion Model
  5. 2023AMD: Autoregressive Motion Diffusion
  6. 2025PackDiT: Joint Human Motion and Text Generation via Mutual Prompting
  7. 2023Realistic Human Motion Generation with Cross-Diffusion Models
  8. 2024M2D2M: Multi-Motion Generation from Text with Discrete Diffusion Models