Digital Life Project: Autonomous 3D Characters with Social Intelligence
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
In this work, we present Digital Life Project, a framework utilizing language as the universal medium to build autonomous 3D characters, who are capable of engaging in social interactions and expressing with articulated body motions, thereby simulating life in a digital environment. Our framework comprises two primary components: 1) SocioMind: a meticulously crafted digital brain that models personalities with systematic few-shot exemplars, incorporates a reflection process based on psychology principles, and emulates autonomy by initiating dialogue topics; 2) MoMat-MoGen: a text-driven motion synthesis paradigm for controlling the character's digital body. It integrates motion matching, a proven industry technique to ensure motion quality, with cutting-edge advancements in motion generation for diversity. Extensive experiments demonstrate that each module achieves state-of-the-art performance in its respective domain. Collectively, they enable virtual characters to initiate and sustain dialogues autonomously, while evolving their socio-psychological states. Concurrently, these characters can perform contextually relevant bodily movements. Additionally, a motion captioning module further allows the virtual character to recognize and appropriately respond to human players' actions. Homepage: https://digital-life-project.com/
Key facts. Cited by 43 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 58 of its 109 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Dec 2023.
Builds on
58 of 109 references.
References · 58
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
- 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,462
- 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
- 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,500
- 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,155
- 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,689
- 2022Emergent Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 2,483
- 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,302
38 more
- 2023Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Modelscited by 2,081
- 2014CIDEr: Consensus-based Image Description Evaluationcited by 2,027
- 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,600
- 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,302
- 2018On the Continuity of Rotation Representations in Neural Networkscited by 1,186
- 2023HuggingGPT: Solving AI Tasks with ChatGPT and its Friends in Hugging Facecited by 1,173
- 2022Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 1,062
- 2022Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Modelscited by 1,057
- 2021GLM: General Language Model Pretraining with Autoregressive Blank Infillingcited by 1,026
- 2023Large Language Modelscited by 774
- 2022MotionDiffuse: Text-Driven Human Motion Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 768
- 2022Out of One, Many: Using Language Models to Simulate Human Samplescited by 737
- 2023T2M-GPT: Generating Human Motion from Textual Descriptions with Discrete Representationscited by 577
- 2022Executing your Commands via Motion Diffusion in Latent Spacecited by 567
- 2023Otter: A Multi-Modal Model with In-Context Instruction Tuningcited by 548
- 2023MotionGPT: Human Motion as a Foreign Languagecited by 521
- 2022Using Large Language Models to Simulate Multiple Humans and Replicate Human Subject Studiescited by 506
- 2022TEMOS: Generating diverse human motions from textual descriptionscited by 486
- 2023Cognitive Architectures for Language Agentscited by 422
- 2022MotionCLIP: Exposing Human Motion Generation to CLIP Spacecited by 406
- 2022PhysDiff: Physics-Guided Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 365
- 2022TM2T: Stochastic and Tokenized Modeling for the Reciprocal Generation of 3D Human Motions and Textscited by 357
- 2023Human Motion Diffusion as a Generative Priorcited by 354
- 2016The KIT Motion-Language Datasetcited by 334
- 2022Social Simulacra: Creating Populated Prototypes for Social Computing Systemscited by 300
- 2023Ghost in the Minecraft: Generally Capable Agents for Open-World Environments via Large Language Models with Text-based Knowledge and Memorycited by 288
- 2023ReMoDiffuse: Retrieval-Augmented Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 282
- 2019Language2Pose: Natural Language Grounded Pose Forecastingcited by 257
- 2023Exploring Large Language Models for Communication Games: An Empirical Study on Werewolfcited by 238
- 2022CLIFF: Carrying Location Information in Full Frames into Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 237
- 2023Building Cooperative Embodied Agents Modularly with Large Language Modelscited by 231
- 2023S3: Social-network Simulation System with Large Language Model-Empowered Agentscited by 228
- 2022FLAME: Free-form Language-based Motion Synthesis & Editingcited by 217
- 2023InterGen: Diffusion-based Multi-human Motion Generation under Complex Interactionscited by 205
- 2022Generating Holistic 3D Human Motion from Speechcited by 180
- 2021Synthesis of Compositional Animations from Textual Descriptionscited by 177
- 2023Personality Traits in Large Language Modelscited by 166
- 2023SMPLer-X: Scaling Up Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 154
50 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 13; 2025: 20; 2026: 10.
43 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
- 2024LaMP: Language-Motion Pretraining for Motion Generation, Retrieval, and Captioningcited by 58
- 2024InterMask: 3D Human Interaction Generation via Collaborative Masked Modelingcited by 47
- 2024WHAC: World-grounded Humans and Camerascited by 29
- 2024in2IN: Leveraging individual Information to Generate Human INteractionscited by 29
- 2024UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Modelcited by 29
- 2024TIMotion: Temporal and Interactive Framework for Efficient Human-Human Motion Generationcited by 27
- 2025Ready-to-React: Online Reaction Policy for Two-Character Interaction Generationcited by 25
- 2025Human Motion Video Generation: A Surveycited by 25
- 2025Towards Immersive Human-X Interaction: A Real-Time Framework for Physically Plausible Motion Synthesiscited by 20
- 2024SOLAMI: Social Vision-Language-Action Modeling for Immersive Interaction with 3D Autonomous Characterscited by 18
- 2024Pay Attention and Move Better: Harnessing Attention for Interactive Motion Generation and Training-free Editingcited by 17
31 more
- 2024Large Language Models Fall Short: Understanding Complex Relationships in Detective Narrativescited by 14
- 2024Sitcom-Crafter: A Plot-Driven Human Motion Generation System in 3D Scenescited by 14
- 2025SocialGen: Modeling Multi-Human Social Interaction with Language Modelscited by 14
- 2025MixerMDM: Learnable Composition of Human Motion Diffusion Modelscited by 13
- 2025RayFlow: Instance-Aware Diffusion Acceleration via Adaptive Flow Trajectoriescited by 12
- 2025Text2Interact: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-Two-Person Interaction Generationcited by 10
- 2024Story3D-Agent: Exploring 3D Storytelling Visualization with Large Language Modelscited by 9
- 2026MIBURI: Towards Expressive Interactive Gesture Synthesiscited by 9
- 2025StickMotion: Generating 3D Human Motions by Drawing a Stickmancited by 7
- 2025ViBES: A Conversational Agent with Behaviorally-Intelligent 3D Virtual Bodycited by 6
- 2025Interact2Ar: Full-Body Human-Human Interaction Generation via Autoregressive Diffusion Modelscited by 6
- 2025MotionVerse: A Unified Multimodal Framework for Motion Comprehension, Generation and Editingcited by 5
- 2024CrowdMoGen: Zero-Shot Text-Driven Collective Motion Generationcited by 4
- 2025PhysiInter: Integrating Physical Mapping for High-Fidelity Human Interaction Generationcited by 4
- 2025Event-Driven Storytelling with Multiple Lifelike Humans in a 3D Scenecited by 4
- 2025InterAgent: Physics-based Multi-agent Command Execution via Diffusion on Interaction Graphscited by 4
- 2026HINT: Hierarchical Interaction Modeling for Autoregressive Multi-Human Motion Generationcited by 4
- 2026Disentangled Hierarchical VAE for 3D Human-Human Interaction Generationcited by 3
- 2026PolySLGen: Online Multimodal Speaking-Listening Reaction Generation in Polyadic Interactioncited by 3
- 2026RoboGesture: Real-Time Semantic-aligned Co-Speech Gestures Generation for Humanoid Interactioncited by 3
- 2025Integrating Personality into Digital Humans: A Review of LLM-Driven Approaches for Virtual Realitycited by 2
- 2025Toward Rich Video Human-Motion2D Generationcited by 2
- 2025MoReact: Generating Reactive Motion from Textual Descriptionscited by 2
- 2025SARGes: Semantically Aligned Reliable Gesture Generation via Intent Chaincited by 1
- 2025InterMoE: Individual-Specific 3D Human Interaction Generation via Dynamic Temporal-Selective MoEcited by 1
- 2025IKMo: Image-Keyframed Motion Generation with Trajectory-Pose Conditioned Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 0
- 2026Unified Number-Free Text-to-Motion Generation Via Flow Matchingcited by 0
- 2026PhysiGen: Integrating Collision-Aware Physical Constraints for High-Fidelity Human-Human Interaction Generationcited by 0
- 2026DrawMotion: Generating 3D Human Motions by Freehand Drawingcited by 0
- 2026InterCMDM: Block-Causal Diffusion for Autoregressive Human Interaction Generationcited by 0
- 2026ARMS: Anchor-Relational Motion Streaming for Seamless Solo-Social Motion Transitionscited by 0
- 2026RoboGesture: Real-Time Semantic-aligned Co-Speech Gestures Generation for Humanoid Interaction27 Aug 2026
- 2026ARMS: Anchor-Relational Motion Streaming for Seamless Solo-Social Motion Transitions7 Jul 2026
- 2026InterCMDM: Block-Causal Diffusion for Autoregressive Human Interaction Generation2 Jul 2026
- 2026DrawMotion: Generating 3D Human Motions by Freehand Drawing20 May 2026
- 2026PhysiGen: Integrating Collision-Aware Physical Constraints for High-Fidelity Human-Human Interaction Generation1 May 2026
- 2026PolySLGen: Online Multimodal Speaking-Listening Reaction Generation in Polyadic Interaction9 Apr 2026
- 2026Unified Number-Free Text-to-Motion Generation Via Flow Matching27 Mar 2026
- 2026MIBURI: Towards Expressive Interactive Gesture Synthesis3 Mar 2026
- 2026Disentangled Hierarchical VAE for 3D Human-Human Interaction Generation24 Feb 2026
- 2026HINT: Hierarchical Interaction Modeling for Autoregressive Multi-Human Motion Generation28 Jan 2026
- 2025Interact2Ar: Full-Body Human-Human Interaction Generation via Autoregressive Diffusion Models22 Dec 2025
- 2025ViBES: A Conversational Agent with Behaviorally-Intelligent 3D Virtual Body16 Dec 2025
31 more
- 2025InterAgent: Physics-based Multi-agent Command Execution via Diffusion on Interaction Graphs8 Dec 2025
- 2025InterMoE: Individual-Specific 3D Human Interaction Generation via Dynamic Temporal-Selective MoE17 Nov 2025
- 2025Text2Interact: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-Two-Person Interaction Generation7 Oct 2025
- 2025MoReact: Generating Reactive Motion from Textual Descriptions28 Sep 2025
- 2025MotionVerse: A Unified Multimodal Framework for Motion Comprehension, Generation and Editing28 Sep 2025
- 2025Human Motion Video Generation: A Survey4 Sep 2025
- 2025Towards Immersive Human-X Interaction: A Real-Time Framework for Physically Plausible Motion Synthesis4 Aug 2025
- 2025Event-Driven Storytelling with Multiple Lifelike Humans in a 3D Scene25 Jul 2025
- 2025Toward Rich Video Human-Motion2D Generation17 Jun 2025
- 2025PhysiInter: Integrating Physical Mapping for High-Fidelity Human Interaction Generation9 Jun 2025
- 2025IKMo: Image-Keyframed Motion Generation with Trajectory-Pose Conditioned Motion Diffusion Model27 May 2025
- 2025MixerMDM: Learnable Composition of Human Motion Diffusion Models1 Apr 2025
- 2025SocialGen: Modeling Multi-Human Social Interaction with Language Models28 Mar 2025
- 2025SARGes: Semantically Aligned Reliable Gesture Generation via Intent Chain26 Mar 2025
- 2025RayFlow: Instance-Aware Diffusion Acceleration via Adaptive Flow Trajectories10 Mar 2025
- 2025StickMotion: Generating 3D Human Motions by Drawing a Stickman5 Mar 2025
- 2025Ready-to-React: Online Reaction Policy for Two-Character Interaction Generation27 Feb 2025
- 2025Integrating Personality into Digital Humans: A Review of LLM-Driven Approaches for Virtual Reality22 Feb 2025
- 2024SOLAMI: Social Vision-Language-Action Modeling for Immersive Interaction with 3D Autonomous Characters29 Nov 2024
- 2024Pay Attention and Move Better: Harnessing Attention for Interactive Motion Generation and Training-free Editing24 Oct 2024
- 2024Sitcom-Crafter: A Plot-Driven Human Motion Generation System in 3D Scenes14 Oct 2024
- 2024InterMask: 3D Human Interaction Generation via Collaborative Masked Modeling13 Oct 2024
- 2024LaMP: Language-Motion Pretraining for Motion Generation, Retrieval, and Captioning9 Oct 2024
- 2024TIMotion: Temporal and Interactive Framework for Efficient Human-Human Motion Generation30 Aug 2024
- 2024Story3D-Agent: Exploring 3D Storytelling Visualization with Large Language Models21 Aug 2024
- 2024UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Model1 Aug 2024
- 2024CrowdMoGen: Zero-Shot Text-Driven Collective Motion Generation8 Jul 2024
- 2024in2IN: Leveraging individual Information to Generate Human INteractions15 Apr 2024
- 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generation1 Apr 2024
- 2024WHAC: World-grounded Humans and Cameras19 Mar 2024
- 2024Large Language Models Fall Short: Understanding Complex Relationships in Detective Narratives16 Feb 2024
- 2024Pay Attention and Move Better: Harnessing Attention for Interactive Motion Generation and Training-free Editingcited by 17
- 2025MixerMDM: Learnable Composition of Human Motion Diffusion Modelscited by 13
- 2025RayFlow: Instance-Aware Diffusion Acceleration via Adaptive Flow Trajectoriescited by 12
- 2025Interact2Ar: Full-Body Human-Human Interaction Generation via Autoregressive Diffusion Modelscited by 6
- 2026Disentangled Hierarchical VAE for 3D Human-Human Interaction Generationcited by 3
- 2026RoboGesture: Real-Time Semantic-aligned Co-Speech Gestures Generation for Humanoid Interactioncited by 3
- 2025IKMo: Image-Keyframed Motion Generation with Trajectory-Pose Conditioned Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 0
- 2026Unified Number-Free Text-to-Motion Generation Via Flow Matchingcited by 0
- 2026InterCMDM: Block-Causal Diffusion for Autoregressive Human Interaction Generationcited by 0
- 2026RoboGesture: Real-Time Semantic-aligned Co-Speech Gestures Generation for Humanoid Interaction27 Aug 2026
- 2026InterCMDM: Block-Causal Diffusion for Autoregressive Human Interaction Generation2 Jul 2026
- 2026Unified Number-Free Text-to-Motion Generation Via Flow Matching27 Mar 2026
- 2026Disentangled Hierarchical VAE for 3D Human-Human Interaction Generation24 Feb 2026
- 2025Interact2Ar: Full-Body Human-Human Interaction Generation via Autoregressive Diffusion Models22 Dec 2025
- 2025IKMo: Image-Keyframed Motion Generation with Trajectory-Pose Conditioned Motion Diffusion Model27 May 2025
- 2025MixerMDM: Learnable Composition of Human Motion Diffusion Models1 Apr 2025
- 2025RayFlow: Instance-Aware Diffusion Acceleration via Adaptive Flow Trajectories10 Mar 2025
- 2024Pay Attention and Move Better: Harnessing Attention for Interactive Motion Generation and Training-free Editing24 Oct 2024
- 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
- 2024LaMP: Language-Motion Pretraining for Motion Generation, Retrieval, and Captioningcited by 58
- 2024InterMask: 3D Human Interaction Generation via Collaborative Masked Modelingcited by 47
- 2024WHAC: World-grounded Humans and Camerascited by 29
- 2024in2IN: Leveraging individual Information to Generate Human INteractionscited by 29
- 2024UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Modelcited by 29
- 2024TIMotion: Temporal and Interactive Framework for Efficient Human-Human Motion Generationcited by 27
- 2025Ready-to-React: Online Reaction Policy for Two-Character Interaction Generationcited by 25
- 2025Human Motion Video Generation: A Surveycited by 25
- 2025Towards Immersive Human-X Interaction: A Real-Time Framework for Physically Plausible Motion Synthesiscited by 20
- 2024SOLAMI: Social Vision-Language-Action Modeling for Immersive Interaction with 3D Autonomous Characterscited by 18
- 2024Large Language Models Fall Short: Understanding Complex Relationships in Detective Narrativescited by 14
12 most cited of 31 All 31 (JSON)
- 2026ARMS: Anchor-Relational Motion Streaming for Seamless Solo-Social Motion Transitions7 Jul 2026
- 2026DrawMotion: Generating 3D Human Motions by Freehand Drawing20 May 2026
- 2026PhysiGen: Integrating Collision-Aware Physical Constraints for High-Fidelity Human-Human Interaction Generation1 May 2026
- 2026PolySLGen: Online Multimodal Speaking-Listening Reaction Generation in Polyadic Interaction9 Apr 2026
- 2026MIBURI: Towards Expressive Interactive Gesture Synthesis3 Mar 2026
- 2026HINT: Hierarchical Interaction Modeling for Autoregressive Multi-Human Motion Generation28 Jan 2026
- 2025InterAgent: Physics-based Multi-agent Command Execution via Diffusion on Interaction Graphs8 Dec 2025
- 2025Text2Interact: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-Two-Person Interaction Generation7 Oct 2025
- 2025MoReact: Generating Reactive Motion from Textual Descriptions28 Sep 2025
- 2025MotionVerse: A Unified Multimodal Framework for Motion Comprehension, Generation and Editing28 Sep 2025
- 2025Human Motion Video Generation: A Survey4 Sep 2025
- 2025Towards Immersive Human-X Interaction: A Real-Time Framework for Physically Plausible Motion Synthesis4 Aug 2025
12 newest of 31 All 31 (JSON)