InterHandGen: Two-Hand Interaction Generation via Cascaded Reverse Diffusion
On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion and flow policies for robotics
Abstract (arXiv)
We present InterHandGen, a novel framework that learns the generative prior of two-hand interaction. Sampling from our model yields plausible and diverse two-hand shapes in close interaction with or without an object. Our prior can be incorporated into any optimization or learning methods to reduce ambiguity in an ill-posed setup. Our key observation is that directly modeling the joint distribution of multiple instances imposes high learning complexity due to its combinatorial nature. Thus, we propose to decompose the modeling of joint distribution into the modeling of factored unconditional and conditional single instance distribution. In particular, we introduce a diffusion model that learns the single-hand distribution unconditional and conditional to another hand via conditioning dropout. For sampling, we combine anti-penetration and classifier-free guidance to enable plausible generation. Furthermore, we establish the rigorous evaluation protocol of two-hand synthesis, where our method significantly outperforms baseline generative models in terms of plausibility and diversity. We also demonstrate that our diffusion prior can boost the performance of two-hand reconstruction from monocular in-the-wild images, achieving new state-of-the-art accuracy.
Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and flow policies for robotics, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 59 of its 76 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Mar 2024.
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- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
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- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
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- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
- 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,717
- 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
- 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,384
- 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,595
- 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusioncited by 3,006
- 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,591
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- 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,600
- 2018Demystifying MMD GANscited by 1,268
- 2018On the Continuity of Rotation Representations in Neural Networkscited by 1,186
- 2022Diffusion Models: A Comprehensive Survey of Methods and Applicationscited by 1,107
- 2022Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 1,062
- 2022Diffusion Models in Vision: A Surveycited by 1,008
- 2017A Survey on Multi-Task Learningcited by 838
- 2021Action-Conditioned 3D Human Motion Synthesis with Transformer VAEcited by 497
- 2023Universal Guidance for Diffusion Modelscited by 426
- 2018Assessing Generative Models via Precision and Recallcited by 401
- 2019Learning joint reconstruction of hands and manipulated objectscited by 377
- 2023Human Motion Diffusion as a Generative Priorcited by 354
- 2022HOI4D: A 4D Egocentric Dataset for Category-Level Human-Object Interactioncited by 321
- 2021DexYCB: A Benchmark for Capturing Hand Grasping of Objectscited by 320
- 2022ARCTIC: A Dataset for Dexterous Bimanual Hand-Object Manipulationcited by 306
- 2019FreiHAND: A Dataset for Markerless Capture of Hand Pose and Shape from Single RGB Imagescited by 271
- 2021H2O: Two Hands Manipulating Objects for First Person Interaction Recognitioncited by 251
- 2020InterHand2.6M: A Dataset and Baseline for 3D Interacting Hand Pose Estimation from a Single RGB Imagecited by 244
- 2017Learning to Estimate 3D Hand Pose from Single RGB Imagescited by 234
- 2017First-Person Hand Action Benchmark with RGB-D Videos and 3D Hand Pose Annotationscited by 229
- 2023InterGen: Diffusion-based Multi-human Motion Generation under Complex Interactionscited by 205
- 2020Whole-Body Human Pose Estimation in the Wildcited by 178
- 2020Grasping Field: Learning Implicit Representations for Human Graspscited by 178
- 20193D Point Cloud Generative Adversarial Network Based on Tree Structured Graph Convolutionscited by 173
- 2021Hand-Object Contact Consistency Reasoning for Human Grasps Generationcited by 160
- 2021ContactOpt: Optimizing Contact to Improve Graspscited by 137
- 2015Capturing Hands in Action using Discriminative Salient Points and Physics Simulationcited by 115
- 2023SyncDiffusion: Coherent Montage via Synchronized Joint Diffusionscited by 108
- 2022Interacting Attention Graph for Single Image Two-Hand Reconstructioncited by 87
- 2023NIFTY: Neural Object Interaction Fields for Guided Human Motion Synthesiscited by 78
- 2021Real-time Pose and Shape Reconstruction of Two Interacting Hands With a Single Depth Cameracited by 70
- 2022MoDi: Unconditional Motion Synthesis from Diverse Datacited by 59
- 2023ContactGen: Generative Contact Modeling for Grasp Generationcited by 52
- 2021A Skeleton-Driven Neural Occupancy Representation for Articulated Handscited by 50
- 2022Grasp'D: Differentiable Contact-rich Grasp Synthesis for Multi-fingered Handscited by 49
- 2023Generative Proxemics: A Prior for 3D Social Interaction from Imagescited by 43
- 2020Physics-Based Dexterous Manipulations with Estimated Hand Poses and Residual Reinforcement Learningcited by 37
- 2023ACR: Attention Collaboration-based Regressor for Arbitrary Two-Hand Reconstructioncited by 37
50 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 16; 2026: 6.
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- 2024Dyn-HaMR: Recovering 4D Interacting Hand Motion from a Dynamic Cameracited by 50
- 2024BimArt: A Unified Approach for the Synthesis of 3D Bimanual Interaction with Articulated Objectscited by 29
- 2025A Survey on Human Interaction Motion Generationcited by 25
- 2024ManiDext: Hand-Object Manipulation Synthesis via Continuous Correspondence Embeddings and Residual-Guided Diffusioncited by 21
- 2024ManiVideo: Generating Hand-Object Manipulation Video with Dexterous and Generalizable Graspingcited by 18
- 2025OpenHOI: Open-World Hand-Object Interaction Synthesis with Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 17
- 2024Dense Hand-Object(HO) GraspNet with Full Grasping Taxonomy and Dynamicscited by 15
- 2025SViMo: Synchronized Diffusion for Video and Motion Generation in Hand-object Interaction Scenarioscited by 11
- 2026Egocentric World Model for Photorealistic Hand-Object Interaction Synthesiscited by 10
- 2025PINO: Person-Interaction Noise Optimization for Long-Duration and Customizable Motion Generation of Arbitrary-Sized Groupscited by 8
- 2025TrajFlow: Multi-modal Motion Prediction via Flow Matchingcited by 7
- 2024Multi-hypotheses Conditioned Point Cloud Diffusion for 3D Human Reconstruction from Occluded Imagescited by 5
16 more
- 2025Diffusion-based 3D Hand Motion Recovery with Intuitive Physicscited by 5
- 2025Separate to Collaborate: Dual-Stream Diffusion Model for Coordinated Piano Hand Motion Synthesiscited by 4
- 2025Advances in 4D Representation: Geometry, Motion, and Interactioncited by 4
- 2025Leader and Follower: Interactive Motion Generation under Trajectory Constraintscited by 3
- 2025SRHand: Super-Resolving Hand Images and 3D Shapes via View/Pose-aware Neural Image Representations and Explicit 3D Meshescited by 3
- 2026HarmoHOI: Harmonizing Appearance and 3D Motion for Multi-view Hand-Object Interaction Synthesiscited by 3
- 2025Generative Modeling of Shape-Dependent Self-Contact Human Posescited by 2
- 2025Affordance-Guided Diffusion Prior for 3D Hand Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2025SyncMV4D: Synchronized Multi-view Joint Diffusion of Appearance and Motion for Hand-Object Interaction Synthesiscited by 1
- 2025From 2D Alignment to 3D Plausibility: Unifying Heterogeneous 2D Priors and Penetration-Free Diffusion for Occlusion-Robust Two-Hand Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2025LieHMR: Autoregressive Human Mesh Recovery with SO(3) Diffusioncited by 0
- 2025Cascaded Diffusion Framework for Probabilistic Coarse-to-Fine Hand Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2026DynaHOI: Benchmarking Hand-Object Interaction for Dynamic Targetcited by 0
- 2026Paper Reconstruction Evaluation: Evaluating Presentation and Hallucination in AI-written Paperscited by 0
- 2026PhysHanDI: Physics-Based Reconstruction of Hand-Deformable Object Interactionscited by 0
- 2026DCGrasp: Distance-aware Controllable Grasp Generationcited by 0
- 2026HarmoHOI: Harmonizing Appearance and 3D Motion for Multi-view Hand-Object Interaction Synthesis19 Jul 2026
- 2026DCGrasp: Distance-aware Controllable Grasp Generation29 Jun 2026
- 2026PhysHanDI: Physics-Based Reconstruction of Hand-Deformable Object Interactions10 May 2026
- 2026Paper Reconstruction Evaluation: Evaluating Presentation and Hallucination in AI-written Papers1 Apr 2026
- 2026Egocentric World Model for Photorealistic Hand-Object Interaction Synthesis13 Mar 2026
- 2026DynaHOI: Benchmarking Hand-Object Interaction for Dynamic Target12 Feb 2026
- 2025SyncMV4D: Synchronized Multi-view Joint Diffusion of Appearance and Motion for Hand-Object Interaction Synthesis24 Nov 2025
- 2025Advances in 4D Representation: Geometry, Motion, and Interaction22 Oct 2025
- 2025Cascaded Diffusion Framework for Probabilistic Coarse-to-Fine Hand Pose Estimation1 Oct 2025
- 2025Affordance-Guided Diffusion Prior for 3D Hand Reconstruction1 Oct 2025
- 2025LieHMR: Autoregressive Human Mesh Recovery with SO(3) Diffusion30 Sep 2025
- 2025Generative Modeling of Shape-Dependent Self-Contact Human Poses27 Sep 2025
16 more
- 2025SRHand: Super-Resolving Hand Images and 3D Shapes via View/Pose-aware Neural Image Representations and Explicit 3D Meshes26 Sep 2025
- 2025Diffusion-based 3D Hand Motion Recovery with Intuitive Physics3 Aug 2025
- 2025PINO: Person-Interaction Noise Optimization for Long-Duration and Customizable Motion Generation of Arbitrary-Sized Groups25 Jul 2025
- 2025TrajFlow: Multi-modal Motion Prediction via Flow Matching10 Jun 2025
- 2025SViMo: Synchronized Diffusion for Video and Motion Generation in Hand-object Interaction Scenarios3 Jun 2025
- 2025OpenHOI: Open-World Hand-Object Interaction Synthesis with Multimodal Large Language Model25 May 2025
- 2025Separate to Collaborate: Dual-Stream Diffusion Model for Coordinated Piano Hand Motion Synthesis14 Apr 2025
- 2025From 2D Alignment to 3D Plausibility: Unifying Heterogeneous 2D Priors and Penetration-Free Diffusion for Occlusion-Robust Two-Hand Reconstruction22 Mar 2025
- 2025A Survey on Human Interaction Motion Generation17 Mar 2025
- 2025Leader and Follower: Interactive Motion Generation under Trajectory Constraints17 Feb 2025
- 2024ManiVideo: Generating Hand-Object Manipulation Video with Dexterous and Generalizable Grasping18 Dec 2024
- 2024Dyn-HaMR: Recovering 4D Interacting Hand Motion from a Dynamic Camera17 Dec 2024
- 2024BimArt: A Unified Approach for the Synthesis of 3D Bimanual Interaction with Articulated Objects6 Dec 2024
- 2024Multi-hypotheses Conditioned Point Cloud Diffusion for 3D Human Reconstruction from Occluded Images27 Sep 2024
- 2024ManiDext: Hand-Object Manipulation Synthesis via Continuous Correspondence Embeddings and Residual-Guided Diffusion14 Sep 2024
- 2024Dense Hand-Object(HO) GraspNet with Full Grasping Taxonomy and Dynamics6 Sep 2024
- 2024ManiDext: Hand-Object Manipulation Synthesis via Continuous Correspondence Embeddings and Residual-Guided Diffusioncited by 21
- 2025PINO: Person-Interaction Noise Optimization for Long-Duration and Customizable Motion Generation of Arbitrary-Sized Groupscited by 8
- 2025TrajFlow: Multi-modal Motion Prediction via Flow Matchingcited by 7
- 2024Multi-hypotheses Conditioned Point Cloud Diffusion for 3D Human Reconstruction from Occluded Imagescited by 5
- 2025Separate to Collaborate: Dual-Stream Diffusion Model for Coordinated Piano Hand Motion Synthesiscited by 4
- 2025Affordance-Guided Diffusion Prior for 3D Hand Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2025Cascaded Diffusion Framework for Probabilistic Coarse-to-Fine Hand Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2025Cascaded Diffusion Framework for Probabilistic Coarse-to-Fine Hand Pose Estimation1 Oct 2025
- 2025Affordance-Guided Diffusion Prior for 3D Hand Reconstruction1 Oct 2025
- 2025PINO: Person-Interaction Noise Optimization for Long-Duration and Customizable Motion Generation of Arbitrary-Sized Groups25 Jul 2025
- 2025TrajFlow: Multi-modal Motion Prediction via Flow Matching10 Jun 2025
- 2025Separate to Collaborate: Dual-Stream Diffusion Model for Coordinated Piano Hand Motion Synthesis14 Apr 2025
- 2024Multi-hypotheses Conditioned Point Cloud Diffusion for 3D Human Reconstruction from Occluded Images27 Sep 2024
- 2024ManiDext: Hand-Object Manipulation Synthesis via Continuous Correspondence Embeddings and Residual-Guided Diffusion14 Sep 2024
- 2024Dyn-HaMR: Recovering 4D Interacting Hand Motion from a Dynamic Cameracited by 50
- 2024BimArt: A Unified Approach for the Synthesis of 3D Bimanual Interaction with Articulated Objectscited by 29
- 2025A Survey on Human Interaction Motion Generationcited by 25
- 2024ManiVideo: Generating Hand-Object Manipulation Video with Dexterous and Generalizable Graspingcited by 18
- 2024Dense Hand-Object(HO) GraspNet with Full Grasping Taxonomy and Dynamicscited by 15
- 2025SViMo: Synchronized Diffusion for Video and Motion Generation in Hand-object Interaction Scenarioscited by 11
- 2025Diffusion-based 3D Hand Motion Recovery with Intuitive Physicscited by 5
- 2025Advances in 4D Representation: Geometry, Motion, and Interactioncited by 4
- 2025Leader and Follower: Interactive Motion Generation under Trajectory Constraintscited by 3
- 2025SRHand: Super-Resolving Hand Images and 3D Shapes via View/Pose-aware Neural Image Representations and Explicit 3D Meshescited by 3
- 2026HarmoHOI: Harmonizing Appearance and 3D Motion for Multi-view Hand-Object Interaction Synthesiscited by 3
- 2025Generative Modeling of Shape-Dependent Self-Contact Human Posescited by 2
12 most cited of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2026HarmoHOI: Harmonizing Appearance and 3D Motion for Multi-view Hand-Object Interaction Synthesis19 Jul 2026
- 2026DCGrasp: Distance-aware Controllable Grasp Generation29 Jun 2026
- 2026PhysHanDI: Physics-Based Reconstruction of Hand-Deformable Object Interactions10 May 2026
- 2026DynaHOI: Benchmarking Hand-Object Interaction for Dynamic Target12 Feb 2026
- 2025SyncMV4D: Synchronized Multi-view Joint Diffusion of Appearance and Motion for Hand-Object Interaction Synthesis24 Nov 2025
- 2025Advances in 4D Representation: Geometry, Motion, and Interaction22 Oct 2025
- 2025LieHMR: Autoregressive Human Mesh Recovery with SO(3) Diffusion30 Sep 2025
- 2025Generative Modeling of Shape-Dependent Self-Contact Human Poses27 Sep 2025
- 2025SRHand: Super-Resolving Hand Images and 3D Shapes via View/Pose-aware Neural Image Representations and Explicit 3D Meshes26 Sep 2025
- 2025Diffusion-based 3D Hand Motion Recovery with Intuitive Physics3 Aug 2025
- 2025SViMo: Synchronized Diffusion for Video and Motion Generation in Hand-object Interaction Scenarios3 Jun 2025
- 2025From 2D Alignment to 3D Plausibility: Unifying Heterogeneous 2D Priors and Penetration-Free Diffusion for Occlusion-Robust Two-Hand Reconstruction22 Mar 2025
12 newest of 18 All 18 (JSON)
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