mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Towards Immersive Human-X Interaction: A Real-Time Framework for Physically Plausible Motion Synthesis

arXiv 2508.02106 ↗First posted 4 Aug 2025cs.CV cs.ROcited by 20

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Real-time synthesis of physically plausible human interactions remains a critical challenge for immersive VR/AR systems and humanoid robotics. While existing methods demonstrate progress in kinematic motion generation, they often fail to address the fundamental tension between real-time responsiveness, physical feasibility, and safety requirements in dynamic human-machine interactions. We introduce Human-X, a novel framework designed to enable immersive and physically plausible human interactions across diverse entities, including human-avatar, human-humanoid, and human-robot systems. Unlike existing approaches that focus on post-hoc alignment or simplified physics, our method jointly predicts actions and reactions in real-time using an auto-regressive reaction diffusion planner, ensuring seamless synchronization and context-aware responses. To enhance physical realism and safety, we integrate an actor-aware motion tracking policy trained with reinforcement learning, which dynamically adapts to interaction partners' movements while avoiding artifacts like foot sliding and penetration. Extensive experiments on the Inter-X and InterHuman datasets demonstrate significant improvements in motion quality, interaction continuity, and physical plausibility over state-of-the-art methods. Our framework is validated in real-world applications, including virtual reality interface for human-robot interaction, showcasing its potential for advancing human-robot collaboration.

Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 59 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Aug 2025.

Builds on

59 of 75 references.

References · 59

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  4. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  5. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
  6. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 6,054
  7. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
  8. 2019DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lightercited by 4,307
  9. 2022Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2,305
  10. 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Modelcited by 2,071
  11. 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,612
  12. 2016Generative Adversarial Imitation Learningcited by 1,597
38 more
  1. 2018On the Continuity of Rotation Representations in Neural Networkscited by 1,214
  2. 2022Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 1,080
  3. 2021Isaac Gym: High Performance GPU-Based Physics Simulation For Robot Learningcited by 998
  4. 2015Scheduled Sampling for Sequence Prediction with Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 803
  5. 2022MotionDiffuse: Text-Driven Human Motion Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 780
  6. 2023MotionGPT: Human Motion as a Foreign Languagecited by 527
  7. 2022PhysDiff: Physics-Guided Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 368
  8. 2021HuMoR: 3D Human Motion Model for Robust Pose Estimationcited by 324
  9. 2022EDGE: Editable Dance Generation From Musiccited by 287
  10. 2023ReMoDiffuse: Retrieval-Augmented Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 287
  11. 2023Diffusion-based Generation, Optimization, and Planning in 3D Scenescited by 239
  12. 2023Perpetual Humanoid Control for Real-time Simulated Avatarscited by 218
  13. 2023InterGen: Diffusion-based Multi-human Motion Generation under Complex Interactionscited by 206
  14. 2022Listen, Denoise, Action! Audio-Driven Motion Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 190
  15. 2024OmniH2O: Universal and Dexterous Human-to-Humanoid Whole-Body Teleoperation and Learningcited by 189
  16. 2024Learning Human-to-Humanoid Real-Time Whole-Body Teleoperationcited by 130
  17. 2023Universal Humanoid Motion Representations for Physics-Based Controlcited by 116
  18. 2024CLoSD: Closing the Loop between Simulation and Diffusion for multi-task character controlcited by 109
  19. 2023Avatars Grow Legs: Generating Smooth Human Motion from Sparse Tracking Inputs with Diffusion Modelcited by 107
  20. 2023Inter-X: Towards Versatile Human-Human Interaction Analysiscited by 98
  21. 2022Ego-Body Pose Estimation via Ego-Head Pose Estimationcited by 94
  22. 2024ExBody2: Advanced Expressive Humanoid Whole-Body Controlcited by 88
  23. 2024DartControl: A Diffusion-Based Autoregressive Motion Model for Real-Time Text-Driven Motion Controlcited by 84
  24. 2022ActFormer: A GAN-based Transformer towards General Action-Conditioned 3D Human Motion Generationcited by 77
  25. 2024Guidance with Spherical Gaussian Constraint for Conditional Diffusioncited by 71
  26. 2024Human-Object Interaction from Human-Level Instructionscited by 64
  27. 2024Taming Diffusion Probabilistic Models for Character Controlcited by 57
  28. 2024ReGenNet: Towards Human Action-Reaction Synthesiscited by 53
  29. 2023HybrIK-X: Hybrid Analytical-Neural Inverse Kinematics for Whole-body Mesh Recoverycited by 49
  30. 2024Duolando: Follower GPT with Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning for Dance Accompanimentcited by 47
  31. 2024InterMask: 3D Human Interaction Generation via Collaborative Masked Modelingcited by 47
  32. 2024THOR: Text to Human-Object Interaction Diffusion via Relation Interventioncited by 46
  33. 2023Digital Life Project: Autonomous 3D Characters with Social Intelligencecited by 43
  34. 2022Interaction Transformer for Human Reaction Generationcited by 42
  35. 2023Interactive Humanoid: Online Full-Body Motion Reaction Synthesis with Social Affordance Canonicalization and Forecastingcited by 27
  36. 2024InterDance:Reactive 3D Dance Generation with Realistic Duet Interactionscited by 22
  37. 2025UniDB: A Unified Diffusion Bridge Framework via Stochastic Optimal Controlcited by 20
  38. 2024PhysReaction: Physically Plausible Real-Time Humanoid Reaction Synthesis via Forward Dynamics Guided 4D Imitationcited by 18

50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 16.

20 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2026ARDY: Autoregressive Diffusion with Hybrid Representation for Interactive Human Motion Generationcited by 7
  2. 2025IRG-MotionLLM: Interleaving Motion Generation, Assessment and Refinement for Text-to-Motion Generationcited by 6
  3. 2025Interact2Ar: Full-Body Human-Human Interaction Generation via Autoregressive Diffusion Modelscited by 6
  4. 2026TeamHOI: Learning a Unified Policy for Cooperative Human-Object Interactions with Any Team Sizecited by 5
  5. 2025Diffusion Forcing for Multi-Agent Interaction Sequence Modelingcited by 4
  6. 2026ProAct: Harnessing Streaming Motion Generation and Agentic Reasoning for Real-Time Embodied Social Interactioncited by 3
  7. 2026Disentangled Hierarchical VAE for 3D Human-Human Interaction Generationcited by 3
  8. 2026UniHM: Unified Dexterous Hand Manipulation with Vision Language Modelcited by 3
  9. 2025ARMFlow: AutoRegressive MeanFlow for Online 3D Human Reaction Generationcited by 2
  10. 2026U-Mind: A Unified Framework for Real-Time Multimodal Interaction with Audiovisual Generationcited by 2
  11. 2026Learning to Assist: Physics-Grounded Human-Human Control via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
  12. 2026Stability-Driven Motion Generation for Object-Guided Human-Human Co-Manipulationcited by 1
8 more
  1. 2026DiscoForcing: A Unified Framework for Real-Time Audio-Driven Character Control with Diffusion Forcingcited by 1
  2. 2026Dancing Points: Synthesizing Ballroom Dancing with Three-Point Inputscited by 0
  3. 2026Unified Number-Free Text-to-Motion Generation Via Flow Matchingcited by 0
  4. 2026TROPHIES: Temporal Reconstruction of Places, Humans, and Cameras from Multi-view Videoscited by 0
  5. 2026HAT-4D: Lifting Monocular Video for 4D Multi-Object Interactions via Human-Agent Collaborationcited by 0
  6. 2026Inter-X++: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Multimodal Human-Human Interaction Analysiscited by 0
  7. 2026Super Star: Towards Streaming Real-time Interactive Agents for Digital Humanscited by 0
  8. 2026Generative Interactions: Weaving Multiparty Human Motion with Bilevel Latent Dynamicscited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024SyncDiff: Synchronized Motion Diffusion for Multi-Body Human-Object Interaction Synthesis
  2. 2025FantasyHSI: Video-Generation-Centric 4D Human Synthesis In Any Scene through A Graph-based Multi-Agent Framework
  3. 2025SimGenHOI: Physically Realistic Whole-Body Humanoid-Object Interaction via Generative Modeling and Reinforcement Learning
  4. 2026Dynamic Worlds, Dynamic Humans: Generating Virtual Human-Scene Interaction Motion in Dynamic Scenes
  5. 2026Policy-as-Data: Learning Generalizable HOI Diffusion Models from Simulated Physics
  6. 2026HSImul3R: Physics-in-the-Loop Reconstruction of Simulation-Ready Human-Scene Interactions
  7. 2024Real-Time Interactions Between Human Controllers and Remote Devices in Metaverse
  8. 2025InterMimic: Towards Universal Whole-Body Control for Physics-Based Human-Object Interactions