4D-Animal: Freely Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from Videos
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Existing methods for reconstructing animatable 3D animals from videos typically rely on sparse semantic keypoints to fit parametric models. However, obtaining such keypoints is labor-intensive, and keypoint detectors trained on limited animal data are often unreliable. To address this, we propose 4D-Animal, a novel framework that reconstructs animatable 3D animals from videos without requiring sparse keypoint annotations. Our approach introduces a dense feature network that maps 2D representations to SMAL parameters, enhancing both the efficiency and stability of the fitting process. Furthermore, we develop a hierarchical alignment strategy that integrates silhouette, part-level, pixel-level, and temporal cues from pre-trained 2D visual models to produce accurate and temporally coherent reconstructions across frames. Extensive experiments demonstrate that 4D-Animal outperforms both model-based and model-free baselines. Moreover, the high-quality 3D assets generated by our method can benefit other 3D tasks, underscoring its potential for large-scale applications. The code is released at https://github.com/zhongshsh/4D-Animal.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 54 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Jul 2025.
Builds on
54 of 71 references.
References · 54
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
- 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,968
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
- 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,863
- 2022Objaverse: A Universe of Annotated 3D Objectscited by 1,540
- 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,205
- 2023MVDream: Multi-view Diffusion for 3D Generationcited by 938
- 2020Accelerating 3D Deep Learning with PyTorch3Dcited by 784
- 2024Structured 3D Latents for Scalable and Versatile 3D Generationcited by 770
- 2024LGM: Large Multi-View Gaussian Model for High-Resolution 3D Content Creationcited by 739
- 2024InstantMesh: Efficient 3D Mesh Generation from a Single Image with Sparse-view Large Reconstruction Modelscited by 433
- 2019Soft Rasterizer: A Differentiable Renderer for Image-based 3D Reasoningcited by 420
38 more
- 2023Humans in 4D: Reconstructing and Tracking Humans with Transformerscited by 350
- 2018Learning Category-Specific Mesh Reconstruction from Image Collectionscited by 317
- 20163D Menagerie: Modeling the 3D shape and pose of animalscited by 312
- 2023Triplane Meets Gaussian Splatting: Fast and Generalizable Single-View 3D Reconstruction with Transformerscited by 258
- 2024Shape of Motion: 4D Reconstruction from a Single Videocited by 250
- 2023Visual Geometry Grounded Deep Structure From Motioncited by 227
- 2020Consistent Video Depth Estimationcited by 220
- 2024CRM: Single Image to 3D Textured Mesh with Convolutional Reconstruction Modelcited by 215
- 2021BANMo: Building Animatable 3D Neural Models from Many Casual Videoscited by 197
- 2024MoSca: Dynamic Gaussian Fusion from Casual Videos via 4D Motion Scaffoldscited by 179
- 2020Self-supervised Single-view 3D Reconstruction via Semantic Consistencycited by 127
- 2024BootsTAP: Bootstrapped Training for Tracking-Any-Pointcited by 120
- 2021LASR: Learning Articulated Shape Reconstruction from a Monocular Videocited by 116
- 2022MagicPony: Learning Articulated 3D Animals in the Wildcited by 112
- 2019Three-D Safari: Learning to Estimate Zebra Pose, Shape, and Texture from Images "In the Wild"cited by 106
- 2018Creatures great and SMAL: Recovering the shape and motion of animals from videocited by 84
- 2020Who Left the Dogs Out? 3D Animal Reconstruction with Expectation Maximization in the Loopcited by 81
- 2020Continuous Surface Embeddingscited by 80
- 2022LASSIE: Learning Articulated Shapes from Sparse Image Ensemble via 3D Part Discoverycited by 66
- 2024SF3D: Stable Fast 3D Mesh Reconstruction with UV-unwrapping and Illumination Disentanglementcited by 65
- 2021DOVE: Learning Deformable 3D Objects by Watching Videoscited by 61
- 2023Neural Parametric Gaussians for Monocular Non-Rigid Object Reconstructioncited by 61
- 2024FlowMap: High-Quality Camera Poses, Intrinsics, and Depth via Gradient Descentcited by 61
- 2024Learning the 3D Fauna of the Webcited by 59
- 2022BARC: Learning to Regress 3D Dog Shape from Images by Exploiting Breed Informationcited by 51
- 2023Reconstructing Animatable Categories from Videoscited by 47
- 2023Animal3D: A Comprehensive Dataset of 3D Animal Pose and Shapecited by 44
- 2020RGBD-Dog: Predicting Canine Pose from RGBD Sensorscited by 35
- 2022Hi-LASSIE: High-Fidelity Articulated Shape and Skeleton Discovery from Sparse Image Ensemblecited by 31
- 2019ZoomOut: Spectral Upsampling for Efficient Shape Correspondencecited by 30
- 2021Birds of a Feather: Capturing Avian Shape Models from Imagescited by 30
- 2022Common Pets in 3D: Dynamic New-View Synthesis of Real-Life Deformable Categoriescited by 29
- 2024Animal Avatars: Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from Casual Videoscited by 26
- 2023X-Pose: Detecting Any Keypointscited by 21
- 2021Coarse-to-fine Animal Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 16
- 2023SAOR: Single-View Articulated Object Reconstructioncited by 16
- 2024PartGLEE: A Foundation Model for Recognizing and Parsing Any Objectscited by 15
- 2024Fast Encoder-Based 3D from Casual Videos via Point Track Processingcited by 14
50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 5.
6 papers.
- 2025AniMer+: Unified Pose and Shape Estimation Across Mammalia and Aves via Family-Aware Transformercited by 7
- 20264DEquine: Disentangling Motion and Appearance for 4D Equine Reconstruction from Monocular Videocited by 2
- 2026SPRig: Self-Supervised Pose-Invariant Rigging from Mesh Sequencescited by 1
- 2026SMAL-pets: SMAL Based Avatars of Pets from Single Imagecited by 1
- 2026Kirin: Animal Motion Generation from In-the-Wild Videocited by 1
- 2026ORMA: Optimization-based Monocular 4D Reconstruction of Articulated Animalscited by 0
- 2026ORMA: Optimization-based Monocular 4D Reconstruction of Articulated Animals29 Sep 2026
- 2026Kirin: Animal Motion Generation from In-the-Wild Video1 Sep 2026
- 2026SMAL-pets: SMAL Based Avatars of Pets from Single Image17 Mar 2026
- 20264DEquine: Disentangling Motion and Appearance for 4D Equine Reconstruction from Monocular Video10 Mar 2026
- 2026SPRig: Self-Supervised Pose-Invariant Rigging from Mesh Sequences13 Feb 2026
- 2025AniMer+: Unified Pose and Shape Estimation Across Mammalia and Aves via Family-Aware Transformer1 Aug 2025