mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Who Left the Dogs Out? 3D Animal Reconstruction with Expectation Maximization in the Loop

arXiv 2007.11110 ↗First posted 21 Jul 2020cs.CVcited by 81

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce an automatic, end-to-end method for recovering the 3D pose and shape of dogs from monocular internet images. The large variation in shape between dog breeds, significant occlusion and low quality of internet images makes this a challenging problem. We learn a richer prior over shapes than previous work, which helps regularize parameter estimation. We demonstrate results on the Stanford Dog dataset, an 'in the wild' dataset of 20,580 dog images for which we have collected 2D joint and silhouette annotations to split for training and evaluation. In order to capture the large shape variety of dogs, we show that the natural variation in the 2D dataset is enough to learn a detailed 3D prior through expectation maximization (EM). As a by-product of training, we generate a new parameterized model (including limb scaling) SMBLD which we release alongside our new annotation dataset StanfordExtra to the research community.

Key facts. Cited by 81 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 21 Jul 2020.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 18; 2022: 15; 2023: 16; 2024: 13; 2025: 9; 2026: 10.

81 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2022Monocular Dynamic View Synthesis: A Reality Checkcited by 199
  2. 2021BANMo: Building Animatable 3D Neural Models from Many Casual Videoscited by 195
  3. 2021Seeing biodiversity: perspectives in machine learning for wildlife conservationcited by 129
  4. 2023GART: Gaussian Articulated Template Modelscited by 121
  5. 2021LASR: Learning Articulated Shape Reconstruction from a Monocular Videocited by 115
  6. 2023Paint-it: Text-to-Texture Synthesis via Deep Convolutional Texture Map Optimization and Physically-Based Renderingcited by 84
  7. 2023MFT: Long-Term Tracking of Every Pixelcited by 61
  8. 2021OpenPifPaf: Composite Fields for Semantic Keypoint Detection and Spatio-Temporal Associationcited by 55
  9. 2021Factors of Influence for Transfer Learning across Diverse Appearance Domains and Task Typescited by 54
  10. 2022BARC: Learning to Regress 3D Dog Shape from Images by Exploiting Breed Informationcited by 51
  11. 2021From Synthetic to Real: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Animal Pose Estimationcited by 48
  12. 2023Reconstructing Animatable Categories from Videoscited by 46
38 more
  1. 2023Animal3D: A Comprehensive Dataset of 3D Animal Pose and Shapecited by 43
  2. 2022CLIP-Actor: Text-Driven Recommendation and Stylization for Animating Human Meshescited by 41
  3. 2022SuperAnimal pretrained pose estimation models for behavioral analysiscited by 38
  4. 2022CASA: Category-agnostic Skeletal Animal Reconstructioncited by 35
  5. 2021Birds of a Feather: Capturing Avian Shape Models from Imagescited by 30
  6. 2022Making Heads or Tails: Towards Semantically Consistent Visual Counterfactualscited by 30
  7. 2022State of the Art in Dense Monocular Non-Rigid 3D Reconstructioncited by 30
  8. 2021AcinoSet: A 3D Pose Estimation Dataset and Baseline Models for Cheetahs in the Wildcited by 29
  9. 2022CREAM: Weakly Supervised Object Localization via Class RE-Activation Mappingcited by 21
  10. 2024AniMer: Animal Pose and Shape Estimation Using Family Aware Transformercited by 20
  11. 2021hSMAL: Detailed Horse Shape and Pose Reconstruction for Motion Pattern Recognitioncited by 18
  12. 2021Coarse-to-fine Animal Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 16
  13. 2023SAOR: Single-View Articulated Object Reconstructioncited by 15
  14. 2024BAGS: Building Animatable Gaussian Splatting from a Monocular Video with Diffusion Priorscited by 14
  15. 2021Discovering Relationships between Object Categories via Universal Canonical Mapscited by 13
  16. 2023ScarceNet: Animal Pose Estimation with Scarce Annotationscited by 13
  17. 2023MoDA: Modeling Deformable 3D Objects from Casual Videoscited by 13
  18. 2023DreaMo: Articulated 3D Reconstruction From A Single Casual Videocited by 12
  19. 2024AWOL: Analysis WithOut synthesis using Languagecited by 12
  20. 2024Generative Zoocited by 12
  21. 2024S3O: A Dual-Phase Approach for Reconstructing Dynamic Shape and Skeleton of Articulated Objects from Single Monocular Videocited by 11
  22. 2022OpenApePose: a database of annotated ape photographs for pose estimationcited by 10
  23. 2021SyDog: A Synthetic Dog Dataset for Improved 2D Pose Estimationcited by 9
  24. 2022Demystifying Unsupervised Semantic Correspondence Estimationcited by 9
  25. 2024Learning Implicit Representation for Reconstructing Articulated Objectscited by 9
  26. 2024SMPLer: Taming Transformers for Monocular 3D Human Shape and Pose Estimationcited by 9
  27. 2021Self-supervised 3D Human Mesh Recovery from Noisy Point Cloudscited by 8
  28. 2022Artemis: Articulated Neural Pets with Appearance and Motion synthesiscited by 8
  29. 2025Web-Scale Collection of Video Data for 4D Animal Reconstructioncited by 8
  30. 2024Dessie: Disentanglement for Articulated 3D Horse Shape and Pose Estimation from Imagescited by 7
  31. 2024Reconstructing Animals and the Wildcited by 7
  32. 2025AniMer+: Unified Pose and Shape Estimation Across Mammalia and Aves via Family-Aware Transformercited by 7
  33. 2023SPAC-Net: Synthetic Pose-aware Animal ControlNet for Enhanced Pose Estimationcited by 6
  34. 20254D-Animal: Freely Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from Videoscited by 6
  35. 2021Few-Shot Model Adaptation for Customized Facial Landmark Detection, Segmentation, Stylization and Shadow Removalcited by 5
  36. 2021DensePose 3D: Lifting Canonical Surface Maps of Articulated Objects to the Third Dimensioncited by 5
  37. 2021Weakly Supervised Keypoint Discoverycited by 5
  38. 20223D Magic Mirror: Clothing Reconstruction from a Single Image via a Causal Perspectivecited by 5

50 most cited of 81 All 81 (JSON)