Human Pose Regression by Combining Indirect Part Detection and Contextual Information
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we propose an end-to-end trainable regression approach for human pose estimation from still images. We use the proposed Soft-argmax function to convert feature maps directly to joint coordinates, resulting in a fully differentiable framework. Our method is able to learn heat maps representations indirectly, without additional steps of artificial ground truth generation. Consequently, contextual information can be included to the pose predictions in a seamless way. We evaluated our method on two very challenging datasets, the Leeds Sports Poses (LSP) and the MPII Human Pose datasets, reaching the best performance among all the existing regression methods and comparable results to the state-of-the-art detection based approaches.
Key facts. Cited by 52 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Oct 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 14; 2022: 9; 2023: 12; 2024: 8; 2025: 4; 2026: 5.
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- 2022AlphaPose: Whole-Body Regional Multi-Person Pose Estimation and Tracking in Real-Timecited by 199
- 2021BANMo: Building Animatable 3D Neural Models from Many Casual Videoscited by 195
- 2021SPEC: Seeing People in the Wild with an Estimated Cameracited by 134
- 2021Human Pose Regression with Residual Log-likelihood Estimationcited by 131
- 2021Recent Advances in Monocular 2D and 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Deep Learning Perspectivecited by 49
- 2021Wide-Baseline Relative Camera Pose Estimation with Directional Learningcited by 49
- 2021Learning to Disambiguate Strongly Interacting Hands via Probabilistic Per-pixel Part Segmentationcited by 40
- 2023A Review of Deep Learning for Video Captioningcited by 28
- 2023Recurrence without Recurrence: Stable Video Landmark Detection with Deep Equilibrium Modelscited by 26
- 2021A Survey on Human-aware Robot Navigationcited by 23
- 20222D Human Pose Estimation: A Surveycited by 21
- 2023U-BEV: Height-aware Bird's-Eye-View Segmentation and Neural Map-based Relocalizationcited by 13
38 more
- 2021Real-time Outdoor Localization Using Radio Maps: A Deep Learning Approachcited by 12
- 2021Localization with Sampling-Argmaxcited by 11
- 2022Unsupervised Multi-object Segmentation Using Attention and Soft-argmaxcited by 11
- 2024S3O: A Dual-Phase Approach for Reconstructing Dynamic Shape and Skeleton of Articulated Objects from Single Monocular Videocited by 11
- 2021Low-resolution Human Pose Estimationcited by 10
- 2023CAMM: Building Category-Agnostic and Animatable 3D Models from Monocular Videoscited by 10
- 2023Scene-aware Human Pose Generation using Transformercited by 9
- 2024Learning Implicit Representation for Reconstructing Articulated Objectscited by 9
- 2024ProbPose: A Probabilistic Approach to 2D Human Pose Estimationcited by 9
- 2022Interpretable Vertebral Fracture Quantification via Anchor-Free Landmarks Localizationcited by 8
- 2021Single-Shot Cuboids: Geodesics-based End-to-end Manhattan Aligned Layout Estimation from Spherical Panoramascited by 7
- 2021SALYPATH: A Deep-Based Architecture for visual attention predictioncited by 7
- 2023Human Pose-based Estimation, Tracking and Action Recognition with Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 6
- 2023Human Body Pose Estimation for Gait Identification: A Comprehensive Survey of Datasets and Modelscited by 5
- 2025FRAME: Floor-aligned Representation for Avatar Motion from Egocentric Videocited by 5
- 2022SalyPath360: Saliency and Scanpath Prediction Framework for Omnidirectional Imagescited by 4
- 2022PedRecNet: Multi-task deep neural network for full 3D human pose and orientation estimationcited by 4
- 2023Bias-Compensated Integral Regression for Human Pose Estimationcited by 3
- 2025MonoCLUE : Object-Aware Clustering Enhances Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 2
- 2021Separable Batch Normalization for Robust Facial Landmark Localization with Cross-protocol Network Trainingcited by 1
- 2022A Lightweight Domain Adaptive Absolute Pose Regressor Using Barlow Twins Objectivecited by 1
- 2023SDR-GAIN: A High Real-Time Occluded Pedestrian Pose Completion Method for Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2024Deep Learning Techniques for Automatic Lateral X-ray Cephalometric Landmark Detection: Is the Problem Solved?cited by 1
- 2024MamKPD: A Simple Mamba Baseline for Real-Time 2D Keypoint Detectioncited by 1
- 2026Mechanistic Interpretability for Learning Assurance of a Vision-Based Landing Systemcited by 1
- 2021CLTA: Contents and Length-based Temporal Attention for Few-shot Action Recognitioncited by 0
- 2022Performance of different machine learning methods on activity recognition and pose estimation datasetscited by 0
- 2022Advanced Baseline for 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Two-Stage Approachcited by 0
- 2023LocalEyenet: Deep Attention framework for Localization of Eyescited by 0
- 2023Error Estimation for Single-Image Human Body Mesh Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2023Noise-in, Bias-out: Balanced and Real-time MoCap Solvingcited by 0
- 2024Learning Human Motion from Monocular Videos via Cross-Modal Manifold Alignmentcited by 0
- 2024Semi-supervised 2D Human Pose Estimation via Adaptive Keypoint Maskingcited by 0
- 2024HRPVT: High-Resolution Pyramid Vision Transformer for medium and small-scale human pose estimationcited by 0
- 2025Refinement Module based on Parse Graph for Human Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2025Dual-stream Transformer-GCN Model with Contextualized Representations Learning for Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2026BBoxMaskPose v2: Expanding Mutual Conditioning to 3Dcited by 0
- 2026MoCA3D: Monocular 3D Bounding Box Prediction in the Image Planecited by 0
50 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)
- 2026Soft-Argmax for the Projective Plane via the Veronese Embedding1 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning human joint torques from pixels10 Aug 2026
- 2026Mechanistic Interpretability for Learning Assurance of a Vision-Based Landing System20 May 2026
- 2026MoCA3D: Monocular 3D Bounding Box Prediction in the Image Plane20 Mar 2026
- 2026BBoxMaskPose v2: Expanding Mutual Conditioning to 3D21 Jan 2026
- 2025MonoCLUE : Object-Aware Clustering Enhances Monocular 3D Object Detection11 Nov 2025
- 2025Dual-stream Transformer-GCN Model with Contextualized Representations Learning for Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation2 Apr 2025
- 2025FRAME: Floor-aligned Representation for Avatar Motion from Egocentric Video29 Mar 2025
- 2025Refinement Module based on Parse Graph for Human Pose Estimation19 Jan 2025
- 2024ProbPose: A Probabilistic Approach to 2D Human Pose Estimation3 Dec 2024
- 2024MamKPD: A Simple Mamba Baseline for Real-Time 2D Keypoint Detection2 Dec 2024
- 2024HRPVT: High-Resolution Pyramid Vision Transformer for medium and small-scale human pose estimation29 Oct 2024
38 more
- 2024Deep Learning Techniques for Automatic Lateral X-ray Cephalometric Landmark Detection: Is the Problem Solved?24 Sep 2024
- 2024S3O: A Dual-Phase Approach for Reconstructing Dynamic Shape and Skeleton of Articulated Objects from Single Monocular Video21 May 2024
- 2024Semi-supervised 2D Human Pose Estimation via Adaptive Keypoint Masking23 Apr 2024
- 2024Learning Human Motion from Monocular Videos via Cross-Modal Manifold Alignment15 Apr 2024
- 2024Learning Implicit Representation for Reconstructing Articulated Objects16 Jan 2024
- 2023U-BEV: Height-aware Bird's-Eye-View Segmentation and Neural Map-based Relocalization20 Oct 2023
- 2023Human Pose-based Estimation, Tracking and Action Recognition with Deep Learning: A Survey19 Oct 2023
- 2023Noise-in, Bias-out: Balanced and Real-time MoCap Solving25 Sep 2023
- 2023Scene-aware Human Pose Generation using Transformer4 Aug 2023
- 2023SDR-GAIN: A High Real-Time Occluded Pedestrian Pose Completion Method for Autonomous Driving6 Jun 2023
- 2023Error Estimation for Single-Image Human Body Mesh Reconstruction26 May 2023
- 2023Human Body Pose Estimation for Gait Identification: A Comprehensive Survey of Datasets and Models23 May 2023
- 2023A Review of Deep Learning for Video Captioning22 Apr 2023
- 2023CAMM: Building Category-Agnostic and Animatable 3D Models from Monocular Videos14 Apr 2023
- 2023Recurrence without Recurrence: Stable Video Landmark Detection with Deep Equilibrium Models2 Apr 2023
- 2023LocalEyenet: Deep Attention framework for Localization of Eyes13 Mar 2023
- 2023Bias-Compensated Integral Regression for Human Pose Estimation25 Jan 2023
- 2022Advanced Baseline for 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Two-Stage Approach21 Dec 2022
- 2022A Lightweight Domain Adaptive Absolute Pose Regressor Using Barlow Twins Objective20 Nov 2022
- 2022AlphaPose: Whole-Body Regional Multi-Person Pose Estimation and Tracking in Real-Time7 Nov 2022
- 2022Performance of different machine learning methods on activity recognition and pose estimation datasets19 Oct 2022
- 2022Unsupervised Multi-object Segmentation Using Attention and Soft-argmax26 May 2022
- 2022PedRecNet: Multi-task deep neural network for full 3D human pose and orientation estimation25 Apr 2022
- 20222D Human Pose Estimation: A Survey15 Apr 2022
- 2022Interpretable Vertebral Fracture Quantification via Anchor-Free Landmarks Localization14 Apr 2022
- 2022SalyPath360: Saliency and Scanpath Prediction Framework for Omnidirectional Images1 Jan 2022
- 2021BANMo: Building Animatable 3D Neural Models from Many Casual Videos23 Dec 2021
- 2021Localization with Sampling-Argmax17 Oct 2021
- 2021SPEC: Seeing People in the Wild with an Estimated Camera1 Oct 2021
- 2021Low-resolution Human Pose Estimation19 Sep 2021
- 2021Human Pose Regression with Residual Log-likelihood Estimation23 Jul 2021
- 2021Learning to Disambiguate Strongly Interacting Hands via Probabilistic Per-pixel Part Segmentation1 Jul 2021
- 2021SALYPATH: A Deep-Based Architecture for visual attention prediction29 Jun 2021
- 2021Real-time Outdoor Localization Using Radio Maps: A Deep Learning Approach23 Jun 2021
- 2021A Survey on Human-aware Robot Navigation22 Jun 2021
- 2021Wide-Baseline Relative Camera Pose Estimation with Directional Learning7 Jun 2021
- 2021Recent Advances in Monocular 2D and 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Deep Learning Perspective23 Apr 2021
- 2021CLTA: Contents and Length-based Temporal Attention for Few-shot Action Recognition18 Mar 2021
50 newest of 52 All 52 (JSON)
- 2022AlphaPose: Whole-Body Regional Multi-Person Pose Estimation and Tracking in Real-Timecited by 199
- 2021BANMo: Building Animatable 3D Neural Models from Many Casual Videoscited by 195
- 2021SPEC: Seeing People in the Wild with an Estimated Cameracited by 134
- 2021Human Pose Regression with Residual Log-likelihood Estimationcited by 131
- 2021Recent Advances in Monocular 2D and 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Deep Learning Perspectivecited by 49
- 2021Wide-Baseline Relative Camera Pose Estimation with Directional Learningcited by 49
- 2021Learning to Disambiguate Strongly Interacting Hands via Probabilistic Per-pixel Part Segmentationcited by 40
- 2023A Review of Deep Learning for Video Captioningcited by 28
- 2023Recurrence without Recurrence: Stable Video Landmark Detection with Deep Equilibrium Modelscited by 26
- 2021A Survey on Human-aware Robot Navigationcited by 23
- 20222D Human Pose Estimation: A Surveycited by 21
- 2023U-BEV: Height-aware Bird's-Eye-View Segmentation and Neural Map-based Relocalizationcited by 13
12 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
- 2026Soft-Argmax for the Projective Plane via the Veronese Embedding1 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning human joint torques from pixels10 Aug 2026
- 2026Mechanistic Interpretability for Learning Assurance of a Vision-Based Landing System20 May 2026
- 2026MoCA3D: Monocular 3D Bounding Box Prediction in the Image Plane20 Mar 2026
- 2026BBoxMaskPose v2: Expanding Mutual Conditioning to 3D21 Jan 2026
- 2025MonoCLUE : Object-Aware Clustering Enhances Monocular 3D Object Detection11 Nov 2025
- 2025Dual-stream Transformer-GCN Model with Contextualized Representations Learning for Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation2 Apr 2025
- 2025FRAME: Floor-aligned Representation for Avatar Motion from Egocentric Video29 Mar 2025
- 2025Refinement Module based on Parse Graph for Human Pose Estimation19 Jan 2025
- 2024ProbPose: A Probabilistic Approach to 2D Human Pose Estimation3 Dec 2024
- 2024HRPVT: High-Resolution Pyramid Vision Transformer for medium and small-scale human pose estimation29 Oct 2024
- 2024Deep Learning Techniques for Automatic Lateral X-ray Cephalometric Landmark Detection: Is the Problem Solved?24 Sep 2024
12 newest of 51 All 51 (JSON)