mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

GNeRF: GAN-based Neural Radiance Field without Posed Camera

arXiv 2103.15606 ↗First posted 29 Mar 2021cs.CVcited by 153

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Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce GNeRF, a framework to marry Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) with Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) reconstruction for the complex scenarios with unknown and even randomly initialized camera poses. Recent NeRF-based advances have gained popularity for remarkable realistic novel view synthesis. However, most of them heavily rely on accurate camera poses estimation, while few recent methods can only optimize the unknown camera poses in roughly forward-facing scenes with relatively short camera trajectories and require rough camera poses initialization. Differently, our GNeRF only utilizes randomly initialized poses for complex outside-in scenarios. We propose a novel two-phases end-to-end framework. The first phase takes the use of GANs into the new realm for optimizing coarse camera poses and radiance fields jointly, while the second phase refines them with additional photometric loss. We overcome local minima using a hybrid and iterative optimization scheme. Extensive experiments on a variety of synthetic and natural scenes demonstrate the effectiveness of GNeRF. More impressively, our approach outperforms the baselines favorably in those scenes with repeated patterns or even low textures that are regarded as extremely challenging before.

Key facts. Cited by 153 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 68 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Mar 2021.

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36 of 68 references.

References · 36

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
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  3. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
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  8. 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,041
  9. 2018Spectral Normalization for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,636
  10. 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,232
  11. 2018On the Continuity of Rotation Representations in Neural Networkscited by 1,214
  12. 2016Instance Normalization: The Missing Ingredient for Fast Stylizationcited by 1,198
24 more
  1. 2016A Point Set Generation Network for 3D Object Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 979
  2. 2020Neural Sparse Voxel Fieldscited by 959
  3. 2020NeRF++: Analyzing and Improving Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 861
  4. 2019PIFu: Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution Clothed Human Digitizationcited by 818
  5. 2020GIRAFFE: Representing Scenes as Compositional Generative Neural Feature Fieldscited by 785
  6. 2020Convolutional Occupancy Networkscited by 761
  7. 2020pi-GAN: Periodic Implicit Generative Adversarial Networks for 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 708
  8. 2021IBRNet: Learning Multi-View Image-Based Renderingcited by 703
  9. 2020GRAF: Generative Radiance Fields for 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 689
  10. 20163D-R2N2: A Unified Approach for Single and Multi-view 3D Object Reconstructioncited by 588
  11. 2020INeRF: Inverting Neural Radiance Fields for Pose Estimationcited by 382
  12. 2019SinGAN: Learning a Generative Model from a Single Natural Imagecited by 348
  13. 2017Geometric Loss Functions for Camera Pose Regression with Deep Learningcited by 224
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  18. 2019Learning to Infer Implicit Surfaces without 3D Supervisioncited by 103
  19. 2017Camera Relocalization by Computing Pairwise Relative Poses Using Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 79
  20. 2017Image-based Localization using Hourglass Networkscited by 63
  21. 2018VLocNet++: Deep Multitask Learning for Semantic Visual Localization and Odometrycited by 61
  22. 2018Deep Auxiliary Learning for Visual Localization and Odometrycited by 59
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 17; 2022: 40; 2023: 54; 2024: 27; 2025: 13; 2026: 2.

153 papers.

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  1. 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,567
  2. 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 964
  3. 2021RegNeRF: Regularizing Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis from Sparse Inputscited by 615
  4. 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 540
  5. 2021Mega-NeRF: Scalable Construction of Large-Scale NeRFs for Virtual Fly-Throughscited by 398
  6. 2021Advances in Neural Renderingcited by 365
  7. 20223D Neural Field Generation using Triplane Diffusioncited by 274
  8. 2023SparseNeRF: Distilling Depth Ranking for Few-shot Novel View Synthesiscited by 247
  9. 2025AnySplat: Feed-forward 3D Gaussian Splatting from Unconstrained Viewscited by 243
  10. 2022NoPe-NeRF: Optimising Neural Radiance Field with No Pose Priorcited by 235
  11. 2021BANMo: Building Animatable 3D Neural Models from Many Casual Videoscited by 197
  12. 2022SPARF: Neural Radiance Fields from Sparse and Noisy Posescited by 195
38 more
  1. 2021Deblur-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from Blurry Imagescited by 179
  2. 2022NeRF: Neural Radiance Field in 3D Vision: A Comprehensive Review (Updated Post-Gaussian Splatting)cited by 158
  3. 2022NeRDi: Single-View NeRF Synthesis with Language-Guided Diffusion as General Image Priorscited by 156
  4. 2022Panoptic NeRF: 3D-to-2D Label Transfer for Panoptic Urban Scene Segmentationcited by 152
  5. 2023SUDS: Scalable Urban Dynamic Scenescited by 151
  6. 2021NeSF: Neural Semantic Fields for Generalizable Semantic Segmentation of 3D Scenescited by 119
  7. 2021FENeRF: Face Editing in Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 112
  8. 20213D-aware Image Synthesis via Learning Structural and Textural Representationscited by 109
  9. 2022EpiGRAF: Rethinking training of 3D GANscited by 108
  10. 2024FreGS: 3D Gaussian Splatting with Progressive Frequency Regularizationcited by 105
  11. 2023Compositional 3D Scene Generation using Locally Conditioned Diffusioncited by 101
  12. 2022SAMURAI: Shape And Material from Unconstrained Real-world Arbitrary Image collectionscited by 89
  13. 2022GARF: Gaussian Activated Radiance Fields for High Fidelity Reconstruction and Pose Estimationcited by 86
  14. 2021LOLNeRF: Learn from One Lookcited by 84
  15. 2021CLIP2StyleGAN: Unsupervised Extraction of StyleGAN Edit Directionscited by 78
  16. 2021Learning to Stylize Novel Viewscited by 76
  17. 2022NerfAcc: A General NeRF Acceleration Toolboxcited by 74
  18. 2022Pix2NeRF: Unsupervised Conditional π-GAN for Single Image to Neural Radiance Fields Translationcited by 73
  19. 2024Scene Coordinate Reconstruction: Posing of Image Collections via Incremental Learning of a Relocalizercited by 73
  20. 2022NeRF-SOS: Any-View Self-supervised Object Segmentation on Complex Scenescited by 71
  21. 2023Detector-Free Structure from Motioncited by 71
  22. 2022NeuralDome: A Neural Modeling Pipeline on Multi-View Human-Object Interactionscited by 68
  23. 2022Unified Implicit Neural Stylizationcited by 67
  24. 2024World-consistent Video Diffusion with Explicit 3D Modelingcited by 65
  25. 2023DBARF: Deep Bundle-Adjusting Generalizable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 60
  26. 2022Local-to-Global Registration for Bundle-Adjusting Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 58
  27. 2021CAMPARI: Camera-Aware Decomposed Generative Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 55
  28. 2023CamP: Camera Preconditioning for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 55
  29. 2023NAVI: Category-Agnostic Image Collections with High-Quality 3D Shape and Pose Annotationscited by 53
  30. 2024DOGS: Distributed-Oriented Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale 3D Reconstruction Via Gaussian Consensuscited by 51
  31. 20233D generation on ImageNetcited by 47
  32. 2022Aug-NeRF: Training Stronger Neural Radiance Fields with Triple-Level Physically-Grounded Augmentationscited by 46
  33. 2022Signal Processing for Implicit Neural Representationscited by 46
  34. 2023PERF: Panoramic Neural Radiance Field from a Single Panoramacited by 45
  35. 2024SplineGS: Robust Motion-Adaptive Spline for Real-Time Dynamic 3D Gaussians from Monocular Videocited by 44
  36. 2022Multi-View Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks for 3D-aware Image Synthesiscited by 43
  37. 2022RUST: Latent Neural Scene Representations from Unposed Imagerycited by 43
  38. 2023Masked Space-Time Hash Encoding for Efficient Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 43

50 most cited of 153 All 153 (JSON)