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ParticleSfM: Exploiting Dense Point Trajectories for Localizing Moving Cameras in the Wild

arXiv 2207.09137 ↗First posted 19 Jul 2022cs.CV cs.AIcited by 90

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Abstract (arXiv)

Estimating the pose of a moving camera from monocular video is a challenging problem, especially due to the presence of moving objects in dynamic environments, where the performance of existing camera pose estimation methods are susceptible to pixels that are not geometrically consistent. To tackle this challenge, we present a robust dense indirect structure-from-motion method for videos that is based on dense correspondence initialized from pairwise optical flow. Our key idea is to optimize long-range video correspondence as dense point trajectories and use it to learn robust estimation of motion segmentation. A novel neural network architecture is proposed for processing irregular point trajectory data. Camera poses are then estimated and optimized with global bundle adjustment over the portion of long-range point trajectories that are classified as static. Experiments on MPI Sintel dataset show that our system produces significantly more accurate camera trajectories compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. In addition, our method is able to retain reasonable accuracy of camera poses on fully static scenes, which consistently outperforms strong state-of-the-art dense correspondence based methods with end-to-end deep learning, demonstrating the potential of dense indirect methods based on optical flow and point trajectories. As the point trajectory representation is general, we further present results and comparisons on in-the-wild monocular videos with complex motion of dynamic objects. Code is available at https://github.com/bytedance/particle-sfm.

Key facts. Cited by 90 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 53 of its 96 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jul 2022.

Builds on

53 of 96 references.

References · 53

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38 more
  1. 2015ORB-SLAM: a Versatile and Accurate Monocular SLAM Systemcited by 983
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  3. 2017PWC-Net: CNNs for Optical Flow Using Pyramid, Warping, and Cost Volumecited by 966
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  14. 2021BANMo: Building Animatable 3D Neural Models from Many Casual Videoscited by 195
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  18. 2021Self-supervised Video Object Segmentation by Motion Groupingcited by 147
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  24. 2017FusionSeg: Learning to combine motion and appearance for fully automatic segmention of generic objects in videoscited by 77
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50 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 6; 2024: 32; 2025: 38; 2026: 13.

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  1. 2025Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretrainingcited by 855
  2. 2023MotionCtrl: A Unified and Flexible Motion Controller for Video Generationcited by 568
  3. 2025Continuous 3D Perception Model with Persistent Statecited by 527
  4. 2024MonST3R: A Simple Approach for Estimating Geometry in the Presence of Motioncited by 431
  5. 2025Fast3R: Towards 3D Reconstruction of 1000+ Images in One Forward Passcited by 356
  6. 2025π3: Permutation-Equivariant Visual Geometry Learningcited by 292
  7. 2024MegaSaM: Accurate, Fast, and Robust Structure and Motion from Casual Dynamic Videoscited by 224
  8. 2023Robust Dynamic Radiance Fieldscited by 193
  9. 2023Tracking Everything Everywhere All at Oncecited by 190
  10. 2024MoSca: Dynamic Gaussian Fusion from Casual Videos via 4D Motion Scaffoldscited by 177
  11. 2024CamCo: Camera-Controllable 3D-Consistent Image-to-Video Generationcited by 163
  12. 2025ViPE: Video Pose Engine for 3D Geometric Perceptioncited by 162
38 more
  1. 2024Tora: Trajectory-oriented Diffusion Transformer for Video Generationcited by 161
  2. 2024VD3D: Taming Large Video Diffusion Transformers for 3D Camera Controlcited by 156
  3. 2024AC3D: Analyzing and Improving 3D Camera Control in Video Diffusion Transformerscited by 151
  4. 2025TTT3R: 3D Reconstruction as Test-Time Trainingcited by 122
  5. 2024Training-free Camera Control for Video Generationcited by 119
  6. 2023Progressively Optimized Local Radiance Fields for Robust View Synthesiscited by 103
  7. 2025Aether: Geometric-Aware Unified World Modelingcited by 94
  8. 2025Easi3R: Estimating Disentangled Motion from DUSt3R Without Trainingcited by 88
  9. 2024NeRF On-the-go: Exploiting Uncertainty for Distractor-free NeRFs in the Wildcited by 85
  10. 2025SpatialTrackerV2: 3D Point Tracking Made Easycited by 84
  11. 2024NVS-Solver: Video Diffusion Model as Zero-Shot Novel View Synthesizercited by 79
  12. 2024Align3R: Aligned Monocular Depth Estimation for Dynamic Videoscited by 79
  13. 2025STream3R: Scalable Sequential 3D Reconstruction with Causal Transformercited by 76
  14. 2025Uni3C: Unifying Precisely 3D-Enhanced Camera and Human Motion Controls for Video Generationcited by 75
  15. 2024DINO-Tracker: Taming DINO for Self-Supervised Point Tracking in a Single Videocited by 64
  16. 2024Image Conductor: Precision Control for Interactive Video Synthesiscited by 62
  17. 2024DELTA: Dense Efficient Long-range 3D Tracking for any videocited by 62
  18. 2024FlowMap: High-Quality Camera Poses, Intrinsics, and Depth via Gradient Descentcited by 61
  19. 2024LEAP-VO: Long-term Effective Any Point Tracking for Visual Odometrycited by 54
  20. 2024GenXD: Generating Any 3D and 4D Scenescited by 49
  21. 2025LONG3R: Long Sequence Streaming 3D Reconstructioncited by 45
  22. 2025CamCloneMaster: Enabling Reference-based Camera Control for Video Generationcited by 44
  23. 2024EgoVid-5M: A Large-Scale Video-Action Dataset for Egocentric Video Generationcited by 38
  24. 2025On-the-fly Reconstruction for Large-Scale Novel View Synthesis from Unposed Imagescited by 35
  25. 2024AnimateAnything: Consistent and Controllable Animation for Video Generationcited by 34
  26. 2025Segment Any Motion in Videoscited by 34
  27. 2025Uni4D: Unifying Visual Foundation Models for 4D Modeling from a Single Videocited by 27
  28. 2025Dynamic Camera Poses and Where to Find Themcited by 26
  29. 2022EgoLoc: Revisiting 3D Object Localization from Egocentric Videos with Visual Queriescited by 25
  30. 2023DriveTrack: A Benchmark for Long-Range Point Tracking in Real-World Videoscited by 24
  31. 2024Cavia: Camera-controllable Multi-view Video Diffusion with View-Integrated Attentioncited by 24
  32. 2025Back on Track: Bundle Adjustment for Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 23
  33. 2025Perception-as-Control: Fine-grained Controllable Image Animation with 3D-aware Motion Representationcited by 22
  34. 2024RoMo: Robust Motion Segmentation Improves Structure from Motioncited by 20
  35. 2025AnyCam: Learning to Recover Camera Poses and Intrinsics from Casual Videoscited by 18
  36. 2024AKiRa: Augmentation Kit on Rays for optical video generationcited by 17
  37. 2024COIN: Control-Inpainting Diffusion Prior for Human and Camera Motion Estimationcited by 15
  38. 2025Free-Form Motion Control: Controlling the 6D Poses of Camera and Objects in Video Generationcited by 15

50 most cited of 90 All 90 (JSON)