End-to-End Learning of Geometry and Context for Deep Stereo Regression
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a novel deep learning architecture for regressing disparity from a rectified pair of stereo images. We leverage knowledge of the problem's geometry to form a cost volume using deep feature representations. We learn to incorporate contextual information using 3-D convolutions over this volume. Disparity values are regressed from the cost volume using a proposed differentiable soft argmin operation, which allows us to train our method end-to-end to sub-pixel accuracy without any additional post-processing or regularization. We evaluate our method on the Scene Flow and KITTI datasets and on KITTI we set a new state-of-the-art benchmark, while being significantly faster than competing approaches.
Key facts. Cited by 359 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 13 Mar 2017.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 91; 2022: 67; 2023: 51; 2024: 68; 2025: 52; 2026: 30.
359 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021RAFT-Stereo: Multilevel Recurrent Field Transforms for Stereo Matchingcited by 348
- 2021GMFlow: Learning Optical Flow via Global Matchingcited by 324
- 2022Unifying Flow, Stereo and Depth Estimationcited by 270
- 2023CAT-Seg: Cost Aggregation for Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentationcited by 215
- 2022Practical Stereo Matching via Cascaded Recurrent Network with Adaptive Correlationcited by 197
- 2021BANMo: Building Animatable 3D Neural Models from Many Casual Videoscited by 195
- 2021The Temporal Opportunist: Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Monocular Depthcited by 190
- 2023Iterative Geometry Encoding Volume for Stereo Matchingcited by 188
- 2023AMT: All-Pairs Multi-Field Transforms for Efficient Frame Interpolationcited by 177
- 2025FoundationStereo: Zero-Shot Stereo Matchingcited by 168
- 2022CroCo v2: Improved Cross-view Completion Pre-training for Stereo Matching and Optical Flowcited by 165
- 2021CFNet: Cascade and Fused Cost Volume for Robust Stereo Matchingcited by 153
38 more
- 2023DynamicStereo: Consistent Dynamic Depth from Stereo Videoscited by 147
- 2024Stop Regressing: Training Value Functions via Classification for Scalable Deep RLcited by 136
- 2022Attention Concatenation Volume for Accurate and Efficient Stereo Matchingcited by 130
- 2021SMD-Nets: Stereo Mixture Density Networkscited by 118
- 2024RaDe-GS: Rasterizing Depth in Gaussian Splattingcited by 110
- 2024Selective-Stereo: Adaptive Frequency Information Selection for Stereo Matchingcited by 98
- 2024Stereo4D: Learning How Things Move in 3D from Internet Stereo Videoscited by 89
- 2023Telling Left from Right: Identifying Geometry-Aware Semantic Correspondencecited by 85
- 2022SimpleRecon: 3D Reconstruction Without 3D Convolutionscited by 83
- 2021MobileStereoNet: Towards Lightweight Deep Networks for Stereo Matchingcited by 82
- 2021Explainability of deep vision-based autonomous driving systems: Review and challengescited by 80
- 2021LIGA-Stereo: Learning LiDAR Geometry Aware Representations for Stereo-based 3D Detectorcited by 69
- 2024GS2Mesh: Surface Reconstruction from Gaussian Splatting via Novel Stereo Viewscited by 65
- 2022Multi-Frame Self-Supervised Depth with Transformerscited by 64
- 2022Accurate and Efficient Stereo Matching via Attention Concatenation Volumecited by 59
- 2021IterMVS: Iterative Probability Estimation for Efficient Multi-View Stereocited by 56
- 2024IGEV++: Iterative Multi-range Geometry Encoding Volumes for Stereo Matchingcited by 55
- 2021ARVo: Learning All-Range Volumetric Correspondence for Video Deblurringcited by 54
- 2021Learning Optical Flow from a Few Matchescited by 53
- 2022CATs++: Boosting Cost Aggregation with Convolutions and Transformerscited by 53
- 2022STS: Surround-view Temporal Stereo for Multi-view 3D Detectioncited by 53
- 2025DEFOM-Stereo: Depth Foundation Model Based Stereo Matchingcited by 51
- 2022MVSFormer: Multi-View Stereo by Learning Robust Image Features and Temperature-based Depthcited by 50
- 2022Open Challenges in Deep Stereo: the Booster Datasetcited by 48
- 2021Correlate-and-Excite: Real-Time Stereo Matching via Guided Cost Volume Excitationcited by 47
- 2021Bilateral Grid Learning for Stereo Matching Networkscited by 46
- 2021MultiBodySync: Multi-Body Segmentation and Motion Estimation via 3D Scan Synchronizationcited by 46
- 2022Revisiting Domain Generalized Stereo Matching Networks from a Feature Consistency Perspectivecited by 46
- 2023NeRF-Supervised Deep Stereocited by 46
- 2024Stereo Anywhere: Robust Zero-Shot Deep Stereo Matching Even Where Either Stereo or Mono Failcited by 45
- 2021VolumeFusion: Deep Depth Fusion for 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 44
- 2022GraftNet: Towards Domain Generalized Stereo Matching with a Broad-Spectrum and Task-Oriented Featurecited by 43
- 2022DiffuStereo: High Quality Human Reconstruction via Diffusion-based Stereo Using Sparse Camerascited by 43
- 2021Extreme Rotation Estimation using Dense Correlation Volumescited by 42
- 2021Full Surround Monodepth from Multiple Camerascited by 41
- 2022ITSA: An Information-Theoretic Approach to Automatic Shortcut Avoidance and Domain Generalization in Stereo Matching Networkscited by 39
- 2021StereoPIFu: Depth Aware Clothed Human Digitization via Stereo Visioncited by 38
- 2024Neural Markov Random Field for Stereo Matchingcited by 38
50 most cited of 359 All 359 (JSON)
- 2026FAST: Flow Any Scene Transformer30 Sep 2026
- 2026EMCStereo: Attention-Enhanced Stereo Matching for Thin-Structure Depth Estimation with a Synthetic Tree-Branch Benchmark2 Sep 2026
- 2026What Does the Encoder Actually Decide? A Controlled Comparison of Vision Backbones on Joint Tree Segmentation and Stereo Depth2 Sep 2026
- 2026PhasorNet: Learning Structure from Frequency for Real-Time Stereo Matching30 Aug 2026
- 2026GeoRay: Gauge-Aware Feed-Forward Satellite 3D Reconstruction in the Geodetic Frame30 Aug 2026
- 2026NBS: No Bias Stereo28 Aug 2026
- 2026StereoDiffuer: Diffusion-based Progressive Geometry Modeling with Saliency Attention Perception for Stereo Matching22 Aug 2026
- 2026SeasonStereo: Robust Dense Stereo Matching for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery via Generative AI29 Jul 2026
- 2026STEREOFLOW: Progressive Stereo Matching with StereoDiT and Transition Flow Matching22 Jul 2026
- 2026Revisiting Matching Response and Swept Feature Volumes for Wide-baseline Omnidirectional Stereo13 Jul 2026
- 2026URS-Stereo: Uncertainty-Guided Residual Search for Real-Time Stereo Matching7 Jul 2026
- 2026LinStereo: Linear-Complexity Global Attention for Multi-Scale Iterative Stereo Matching24 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026Spherical-to-ERP Epipolar Rectification for Single-Axis Disparity in 360 Stereo23 Jun 2026
- 2026StereoFactory: A Unified Merging Framework for Robust Stereo Matching16 Jun 2026
- 2026Non-Learning Low-Light Stereo Vision29 May 2026
- 2026H-OmniStereo: Zero-Shot Omnidirectional Stereo Matching with Heading-Aligned Normal Priors14 May 2026
- 2026MLG-Stereo: ViT Based Stereo Matching with Multi-Stage Local-Global Enhancement22 Apr 2026
- 2026Bidirectional Cross-Modal Prompting for Event-Frame Asymmetric Stereo16 Apr 2026
- 2026M3D-Stereo: A Multiple-Medium and Multiple-Degradation Dataset for Stereo Image Restoration14 Apr 2026
- 2026SMFormer: Empowering Self-supervised Stereo Matching via Foundation Models and Data Augmentation11 Apr 2026
- 2026Geometry Reinforced Efficient Attention Tuning Equipped with Normals for Robust Stereo Matching10 Apr 2026
- 2026EventHub: Data Factory for Generalizable Event-Based Stereo Networks without Active Sensors2 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Minimal Focal Stack in Shape from Focus2 Apr 2026
- 2026UE5-Forest: A Photorealistic Synthetic Stereo Dataset for UAV Forestry Depth Estimation13 Mar 2026
- 2026PromptStereo: Zero-Shot Stereo Matching via Structure and Motion Prompts2 Mar 2026
- 2026Training Deep Stereo Matching Networks on Tree Branch Imagery: A Benchmark Study for Real-Time UAV Forestry Applications23 Feb 2026
- 2026StereoAdapter-2: Globally Structure-Consistent Underwater Stereo Depth Estimation18 Feb 2026
- 2026Geometry without Position? When Positional Embeddings Help and Hurt Spatial Reasoning29 Jan 2026
- 2026Towards Gold-Standard Depth Estimation for Tree Branches in UAV Forestry: Benchmarking Deep Stereo Matching Methods27 Jan 2026
- 2026Bayesian Monocular Depth Refinement via Neural Radiance Fields7 Jan 2026
- 2025Generative Preprocessing for Image Compression with Pre-trained Diffusion Models17 Dec 2025
- 2025Generalization Evaluation of Deep Stereo Matching Methods for UAV-Based Forestry Applications3 Dec 2025
- 2025DepthFocus: Controllable Depth Estimation for See-Through Scenes21 Nov 2025
- 2025RobIA: Robust Instance-aware Continual Test-time Adaptation for Deep Stereo13 Nov 2025
- 2025PPMStereo: Pick-and-Play Memory Construction for Consistent Dynamic Stereo Matching23 Oct 2025
- 2025GeoDiff: Geometry-Guided Diffusion for Metric Depth Estimation21 Oct 2025
- 2025MatchAttention: Embedding Explicit Matching Constraints into Attention for Efficient Stereo Matching16 Oct 2025
- 2025StereoAdapter: Adapting Stereo Depth Estimation to Underwater Scenes19 Sep 2025
- 2025Global Regulation and Excitation via Attention Tuning for Stereo Matching19 Sep 2025
- 2025URNet: Uncertainty-aware Refinement Network for Event-based Stereo Depth Estimation18 Sep 2025
- 2025StereoCarla: A High-Fidelity Driving Dataset for Generalizable Stereo16 Sep 2025
- 2025Decoupling Bidirectional Geometric Representations of 4D cost volume with 2D convolution2 Sep 2025
- 2025MAGIC: Learning from Visibility Asymmetry for Unsupervised Stereo Matching14 Aug 2025
- 2025Iterative Volume Fusion for Asymmetric Stereo Matching13 Aug 2025
- 2025BridgeDepth: Bridging Monocular and Stereo Reasoning with Latent Alignment6 Aug 2025
- 2025Unleashing the Temporal Potential of Stereo Event Cameras for Continuous-Time 3D Object Detection4 Aug 2025
- 2025Endoscopic Depth Estimation Based on Deep Learning: A Survey28 Jul 2025
- 2025Preserving Guidance in Cost-Volume Retrieval under Extreme LiDAR Sparsity in Iterative Stereo26 Jul 2025
- 2025Stextsuperscript2Mtextsuperscript2: Scalable Stereo Matching Model for Reliable Depth Estimation17 Jul 2025
- 2025Towards Depth Foundation Model: Recent Trends in Vision-Based Depth Estimation15 Jul 2025
50 newest of 359 All 359 (JSON)
- 2023DiffuVolume: Diffusion Model for Volume based Stereo Matchingcited by 16
- 2025GeoDiff: Geometry-Guided Diffusion for Metric Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2025Generative Preprocessing for Image Compression with Pre-trained Diffusion Modelscited by 0
- 2026STEREOFLOW: Progressive Stereo Matching with StereoDiT and Transition Flow Matchingcited by 0
- 2026STEREOFLOW: Progressive Stereo Matching with StereoDiT and Transition Flow Matching22 Jul 2026
- 2025Generative Preprocessing for Image Compression with Pre-trained Diffusion Models17 Dec 2025
- 2025GeoDiff: Geometry-Guided Diffusion for Metric Depth Estimation21 Oct 2025
- 2023DiffuVolume: Diffusion Model for Volume based Stereo Matching30 Aug 2023
- 2023Predictive World Models from Real-World Partial Observations12 Jan 2023
- 2021RAFT-Stereo: Multilevel Recurrent Field Transforms for Stereo Matchingcited by 348
- 2021GMFlow: Learning Optical Flow via Global Matchingcited by 324
- 2022Unifying Flow, Stereo and Depth Estimationcited by 270
- 2023CAT-Seg: Cost Aggregation for Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentationcited by 215
- 2022Practical Stereo Matching via Cascaded Recurrent Network with Adaptive Correlationcited by 197
- 2021BANMo: Building Animatable 3D Neural Models from Many Casual Videoscited by 195
- 2021The Temporal Opportunist: Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Monocular Depthcited by 190
- 2023Iterative Geometry Encoding Volume for Stereo Matchingcited by 188
- 2023AMT: All-Pairs Multi-Field Transforms for Efficient Frame Interpolationcited by 177
- 2025FoundationStereo: Zero-Shot Stereo Matchingcited by 168
- 2022CroCo v2: Improved Cross-view Completion Pre-training for Stereo Matching and Optical Flowcited by 165
- 2021CFNet: Cascade and Fused Cost Volume for Robust Stereo Matchingcited by 153
12 most cited of 351 All 351 (JSON)
- 2026FAST: Flow Any Scene Transformer30 Sep 2026
- 2026EMCStereo: Attention-Enhanced Stereo Matching for Thin-Structure Depth Estimation with a Synthetic Tree-Branch Benchmark2 Sep 2026
- 2026What Does the Encoder Actually Decide? A Controlled Comparison of Vision Backbones on Joint Tree Segmentation and Stereo Depth2 Sep 2026
- 2026PhasorNet: Learning Structure from Frequency for Real-Time Stereo Matching30 Aug 2026
- 2026GeoRay: Gauge-Aware Feed-Forward Satellite 3D Reconstruction in the Geodetic Frame30 Aug 2026
- 2026NBS: No Bias Stereo28 Aug 2026
- 2026StereoDiffuer: Diffusion-based Progressive Geometry Modeling with Saliency Attention Perception for Stereo Matching22 Aug 2026
- 2026SeasonStereo: Robust Dense Stereo Matching for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery via Generative AI29 Jul 2026
- 2026Revisiting Matching Response and Swept Feature Volumes for Wide-baseline Omnidirectional Stereo13 Jul 2026
- 2026URS-Stereo: Uncertainty-Guided Residual Search for Real-Time Stereo Matching7 Jul 2026
- 2026LinStereo: Linear-Complexity Global Attention for Multi-Scale Iterative Stereo Matching24 Jun 2026
- 2026Spherical-to-ERP Epipolar Rectification for Single-Axis Disparity in 360 Stereo23 Jun 2026
12 newest of 351 All 351 (JSON)